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A series of rotary rheological experiments were conducted for high-impact polystyrene (PS-HI) under different temperatures to analyze the precision of conventional obtained from usually used viscous models. Then, a flow theory based on Phan-Thien Tanner (PTT) model was established and the corresponding algorithm was constructed to study the viscoelastic characteristics of rubber-like state PS-HI. Both theoretical and numerical results indicated that the Cross and Carreau-Yasuda models could describe the rheological characteristics of PS-HI better compared to other viscous models. The viscoelastic PTT model exhibited a significant improvement in precision, indicating that PS-HI presented some elasticity in the rubber-like state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jingyue Quanshu (Jingyue's Complete Works) presented a comprehensive understanding of emergencies and other life-threatening conditions. Most of all, Zhang categorized the causes and mechanisms of these disorders according to his own understanding with reference to opinions of former experts. He also offered detailed and objective descriptions of their clinical manifestations. All of these have been valued references for later generations. In addition, Zhang emphasized the importance of prognostic care in the treatment of critically ill patients. This paper attempts to summarize the contribution of Jinyyue Quanshu to the critically ill subjects of TCM emergency treatment, and provide ideas and methods for clinical diagnosis and treatment of acute and severe diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the effect of the Sheshang capsule on coagulation of the rabbits bitten by Trimeresurus stejnegeri and its mechanism., Methods: The changes in platelet aggregation rate was observed after the establishment of rabbits model by subcutaneously injection with 0.75, 1.50, 2.25, and 3.00 mL/kg of Trimeresurus stejnegeri venom for 72 hours. Fifty New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into five groups, 10 rabbits in each group. Rabbit model was reproduced by subcutaneously injection with 0.75 mL/kg of Trimeresurus stejnegeri venom. The rabbits in sham group were injected with 0.75 mL/kg normal saline(NS). The rabbits were gavaged with 5, 10, 15 mL × kg⁻¹ × d⁻¹ of the Sheshang concoction to the low, intermediate and high dose groups respectively after 6 hours, and 10 mL × kg⁻¹ × d⁻¹ NS was fed in the sham group and model group. The platelet aggregation rate, platelet count (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV), plateletcrit (PCT), platelet distribution width (PDW), cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and protein kinase A (PKA) were determined after 1 week., Results: (1) With the increase in the concentration of Trimeresurus stejnegeri venom, 1-min, 3-min, 5-min and maximum platelet aggregation rates showed a gradual declining trends. (2) Compared with the sham group, 5-min and maximum platelet aggregation rate in the model group were significantly decreased [35.5 (24.2, 42.5)% vs. 43.0 (38.2, 58.5)%, 39.5 (29.0, 45.0)% vs. 46.5 (39.2, 60.2)%, both P<0.05]. Compared with the model group, 5-min and maximum platelet aggregation rate in the intermediate dose group were significantly increased [44.0 (39.8, 45.0) % vs. 35.5 (24.2, 42.5) %, 45.5 (43.5, 46.2) % vs. 39.5 (29.0, 45.0) %, both P<0.05]. There was no significant difference in platelet aggregation rate among the other groups. Compared with the sham group, PLT count in model group was obviously reduced (410.3 ± 155.3 × 10⁹/L vs. 724.5 ± 220.7 × 10⁹/L, P<0.01), so as MPV and PCT done [MPV: 5.11 ± 1.09 fl vs. 6.34 ± 1.16 fl, P<0.01; PCT: 21.9 (18.6, 26.8) % vs. 34.8 (24.8, 45.4) %, P<0.05]. Compared with the model group, PLT and PCT in the low, intermediate and high dose groups were significantly increased [PLT: 702.4 ± 166.3 × 10⁹/L, 648.5 ± 160.2 × 10⁹/L, 789.3 ± 86.2 × 10⁹/L vs. 410.3 ± 155.3 × 10⁹/L, PCT: 38.8 (35.7, 42.9)%, 36.0 (29.8, 44.4)%, 43.1 (40.5, 48.8)% vs. 21.9 (18.6, 26.8)%, all P<0.01], and MPV in the intermediate dose group was significantly increased (6.26 ± 1.05 fl vs. 5.11 ± 1.09 fl, P<0.01). There was no significant difference in PDW among groups (P>0.05). Compared with the sham group, cAMP (47.57 ± 12.76 nmol/L vs. 36.67 ± 10.54 nmol/L) and PKA (14.68 ± 5.80 μg/L vs. 9.23 ± 4.05 μg/L) in the model group were significantly increased (both P<0.05). Compared with the model group, cAMP and PKA of each dose group were decreased, while cAMP in low dose group [(36.33 ± 11.08) nmol/L] and PKA in the intermediate dose group [(10.21 ± 5.31) μg/L] were significant decreased (both P<0.05)., Conclusions: In the range of experimental concentration (0-3 mL/kg), the higher the concentration, and the stronger the inhibition of platelet aggregation rate was. The Sheshang capsule can raise platelet aggregation rate and PLT, increase MPV and PCT, and act against inhibition of platelet aggregation effect of the venom, thus improve the haemostatic function of platelet. Sheshang capsule can be used to treat the coagulopathy induced by Trimeresurus stejnegeri venom through regulating cAMP/PKA pathways.