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Background Oral cancer is highly prevalent, which is often caused by oral potentially malignant disorders, and oral leukoplakia is the most common. The malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia not only affects the physical and mental health of patients, but also imposesa heavy economic burden on the patient's families and society. Due to limited sample size, regional differences and other factors, the epidemiological characteristics of malignant transformation in Chinese patients with oral leukoplakia in China are various. Objective To perform a systematic review of the malignant transformation rate of oral leukoplakia in Chinese patients. Methods Databases of CNKI, SinoMed, CQVIP, Wanfang Data, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane Library were searched to identify cohort studies about malignant transformation rate of oral leukoplakia in Chinese patients included from inception to February 2022. Two researchers separately screened the cohort studies, evaluated the qualities and extracted data. Meta-analysis was conducted using Stata 15.0. Results Thirty cohort studies including 109 047 patients were finally included. Meta-analysis revealed that the malignant transformation rate of oral leukoplakia in Chinese patients was 9.0%〔95%CI (7.0%, 11.3%) 〕. The results of subgroup analysis revealed that the malignant transformation rate was 7.6% in male patients〔95%CI (5.1%, 10.6%) 〕, and was 13.2% in female patients〔95%CI (9.5%, 17.4%) 〕. The malignant transformation rate of oral leukoplakia in patients aged

Objective·To study the prevalence of mouth opening restriction in oral cancer patients by meta-analysis.Methods·China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), Wanfang Data (Wanfang), Chinese BioMedical Literature Database (CBM), PubMed, Ovid, EMbase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science/SciSearch, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched for observational studies about the prevalence rate of restricted mouth opening in oral cancer patients (including prospective, retrospective, and cross-sectional studies). The time limit for retrieval was from the database establishment to April 30th, 2022. The obtained documents were independently screened and extracted according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the literature quality evaluation was performed by using methodological index for non-randomized studies (MINORS). The data were combined with the mouth-opening-restricted prevalence rate as the outcome indicator, the meta-analysis was performed by using Stata 15.0 software, and the subgroup analysis was performed based on the detection time, tumor site, and tumor stage. The evidence quality of outcome indicators was evaluated by using GRADE profiler 3.6 software according to GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) system.Results·A total of 3 719 documents were obtained during the initial examination, and 18 documents were finally included, including 2 701 objects. The meta-analysis results showed that the total prevalence rate of mouth opening restriction in oral cancer patients was 42.7% (95%CI 27.0%‒59.1%). The results of subgroup analysis showed that the prevalence rates of mouth opening restriction in patients with oral cancer before surgery, and 3 months, 6 months and 1 year or more after surgery were 29.6% (95%CI 9.0%‒55.8%), 75.2% (95%CI 68.3%‒81.5%), 59.1% (95%CI 38.8%‒77.9%) and 22.3% (95%CI 2.0%‒54.3%), respectively. The prevalence rates of mouth opening restriction in patients with oral cancer at T1‒T2 stage and T3‒T4 stage were 38.6% (95%CI 26.0%‒52.0%) and 99.6% (95%CI 93.9%‒100.0%) respectively. The prevalence rates of mouth opening restriction in patients with oral cancer in the retromolar triangle, the gingiva, the tongue, the salivary gland, the floor of mouth and the lip were 93.1% (95%CI 68.5%‒100.0%), 68.1% (95%CI 52.9%‒81.7%), 46.1% (95%CI 11.6%‒82.7%), 26.1% (95%CI 15.9%‒37.5%), 21.9% (95%CI 0.7%‒54.0%), and 3.1% (95%CI 0‒9.3%), respectively. The GRADE system for evidence quality grading indicated that the quality of evidence for outcome indicator was extremely low.Conclusion·The total prevalence rate of mouth opening restriction in patients with oral cancer is high, nearly 50%; the patients at 3 months after surgery, at 6 months after surgery, at T3‒T4 stage or whose tumor located in the retromolar triangle have higher prevalence rates.

Objective: The petition letters of the National Exhibition and Convention Center (NECC) Fangcang Hospital, Jiahe Xinyuan Hotel (Jiahe) Fangcang Hospital and designated Ruijin Hospital of North Branch (designated Hospital) were analyzed, and the discussion was focused on how to optimize the operation process, improve the quality of medical service, optimize the doctor-patient relationship and other measures through the feedback of petition data after the hospitals were built in a very short time. Methods: The petition letters from two Fangcang hospitals and one designated hospital were retrospectively analyzed, and the source channels, types and trends of petition letters were analyzed at multiple levels, as well as the specific problems involved. The results and suggestions were summarized by combining qualitative and quantitative methods. Results: Ouring March 14 adn May 4, the two makeshift hospitals and one designated hospital had received a total of 1 155 letters, mainly from the "12345" hotline (88.86%). 759 (65.72%), 25 (2.16%) and 371 (32.12%) were respectively received from the NECC Fangcang Hospital, Jiahe Fangcang Hospital and designated Hospital. The number of requests for help accounted for 67.85%, 68.00% and 70.08% respectively in the three hospitals, and the other types of petition letters were consultation, complaint and suggestion. Requests for help and advice were frequently asked such as isolation policies, virus RNA PCR testing, critical care and emergency transport, and logistics. Conclusions: During the epidemic, the problems of letters and visits in the shelter focuse on the various actual needs and difficulties faced by patients in the shelter hospital, suggesting that the managers and operators of the shelter hospital should prepare for such needs and problems. Analyzing the contents of letters and visits can feed back and optimize the operation process and medical services of the shelter hospitals.

Objective: To explore the effects of related environment, occupational, lifestyle, genetic factors as well as their interactions on the etiology of major chronic diseases in an occupational population., Methods: Dongfeng-Tongji cohort (DFTJ cohort), one of the large prospective cohort studies with biobank. Baseline study was conducted in Shiyan city, Hubei province from 2008 to 2009. This cohort study included questionnaire, physical examination and tests on blood samples. Dongfeng-Tongji cohort was followed up every 5 years and the first follow-up program was completed, from April to October in 2013. During the first follow-up period in 2013, questionnaire, physical examination, clinical and blood sample tests were conducted again., Results: 27 009 retired participants with mean age of 63.6 years including 44.6% males, were recruited in this study. In the first follow-up program in 2013, among 38 295 subjects (44.7% males), 40.5% of them received diploma from high school or above. Prevalence rates of current regular smokers were 33.6% in men and 2.0% in women and the rates on current alcohol drinkers were 39.9% in men and 10.6% in women. The prevalence rates on self-reported hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, stroke, chronic bronchitis, and asthma were 41.1%, 24.3%, 13.9%, 16.7%, 5.1%, 12.7% and 4.0%, respectively. The self-reported prevalence of hypertension and stroke in males was higher than that in females. 25 978 individuals who were involved in the baseline database successfully completed the followed up program in 2013, with the follow-up rate as 96.2%., Conclusion: The DFTJ cohort study offered us an opportunity to explore the effects of environmental, genetic, as well as their interactions with major chronic diseases in a Chinese occupational population.

Objective: Dust sample mass gain is too smaller to satisfy the limit of detection (LOD) even in most cases during dust sampling at workplaces nowdays, especially for respirable fraction. Therefore, it is aimed to solve the problem by increasing sample load with high flow rate samplers., Methods: In A and B two shipyards respirable welding fume was sampled by high flow rate cyclone samplers of FSP-10 (10 L/min) for 2-2.5 hours and normal flow rate FSP-2 (2 L/min) for 3-4 hours with a stratigy of parallele sampling at the same workpalce, in order to compare their mass gain, coincidence rate with LOD, and airborn dust concentration., Results: Sample mass gain of 0.97±0.40 mg and 1.61±0.86 mg respectively in the two factories by FSP-10 was significantly higher than that of 0.29±0.12 mg and 0.51±0.27 mg by FSP-2 (t-test, P<0.05 in both cases) , increasing herewith the coincidence rate with LOD from 26.8% (when sampling with FSP-2, calculated together with samples of the two factories) to 89.7%. However there was no significant difference in dust concentrations by the two different samplers, 0.53±1.88 vs 0.73±1.61 mg/m(3) by FSP-2 and FSP-10 in the shipyard A and 1.14±1.78 vs 1.01±1.63 mg/m(3) in the factory B (t-test, P>0.05 in every case) . In addtion, sample loading by FSP-2 was found to be correlated to sampling time (R(2)=0.7906, y=0.002 6x) , therefore, it has to sample for ≥192.3 min to meet the LOD (0.5 mg) in case of normal flow rate., Conclusion: By using of high flow rate cyclone FSP-10 the problem of LOD could be solved, along with increased sample mass and similar respirable dust concentration by the two samplers. Some techincal improvements of FSP-10 and increasing of LOD coincidence rate by other methods was also disscussed.

Objective: To investigate oxidative stress and mitochondria-related cell apoptosis induced by silica dust in human normal bronchial epithelial 16HBE cells., Methods: Cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), cell apoptotic rate, the expression level of Bax and Bcl-2 mRNA were measured after 16HBE cells were exposed to 37.5, 75, 150, 300 µg/mL respirable silica dust (diameter<2 µm, d50=1 µm)for 24 h in vitro. Reactive oxygen species (ROS)were tested after 16HBE cells were exposed to silica dust at above concentrations for 1.5, 3, 6, 12 h, respectively., Results: Dose-dependent decreases of cell viability and the activity of SOD were observed when silica concentrations increased. The activity of LDH increased when silica concentrations elevated. Compared with the control group, cell viability significantly reduced in 75, 150, 300 µg/mL silica-treated groups (P<0.05). The activity of LDH significantly increased in 150, 300 µg/mL silica-treated groups when compared with the control group (P<0.05). The activity of SOD in all silica-treated groups were significantly lower in comparison with controls (P<0.05). Intracellular ROS levels reached peak values at 1.5 h of silica exposure and gradually dropped to the base level at 12 h. The relationship between ROS levels and silica exposure were dose-response at 1.5 h, 3 h and 6 h of exposure (P<0.05). Similar dose-dependent increase were observed for apoptotic rate and silica exposure (P<0.05). The expression levels of Bcl-2 mRNA decreased, and the expression levels of Bax mRNA increased when silica concentrations increased. The results showed that significantly positive correlations between ROS level and apoptotic rate (r=0.892,P<0.05)or the expression level of Bax mRNA (r=0.850,P<0.05). There was a negative correlation between ROS level and the expression level of Bcl-2 mRNA (r=-0.703,P<0.05)., Conclusion: Silica dust could induce cytotoxicity, oxidative stress and mitochondria-related cell apoptosis in 16HBE cells. Oxidative stress may play role in the processes of mitochondria-related apoptosis.

Objective: To compare the determination methods of fiber number concentration between China and WHO., Methods: Individual fiber samplings were conducted at a RCF manufacturing enterprise for 40 types of work. Flow rate was set as 2 L/min and lasted 2 to 4 hours. We used acetone-triacetin to prepare samples. The rules of two methods were used to count fibers for each sample respectively. The differences between the results of two methods were compared using the sign-rank test, and the correlation between the two methods' counting results were evaluated by the Spearsman rank correlation analysis., Results: The results of WHO counting rule were higher than those of Chinese counting rule for the same sample. The ratios of WHO method to Chinese method ranged from 1.88 to 3.70. Paired sign-rank test found the statistically significant differences of the results between the two methods (P<0.01). The rank correlation coefficient of the results by two rules counting ranged between 0.621 to 0.975, suggested positive correlation (P<0.01). The possible reasons of the difference between the two methods included the difference between the shapes of asbestos fiber and man-made mineral fiber, and counting rules of two methods., Conclusion: The results of WHO counting method is higher than those of Chinese counting method. High correlations between the results of the two methods were observed.

Objective: To investigate the effect of gene silencing of Bmi-1 on proliferation regulation of CD44+ nasopharyngeal carcinoma cancer stem-like cells (CSC-LCs)., Method: The sequence-specific short hairpin RNA lentivirus targeting at human Bmi-1 gene (LV-Bmi-1shRNA) was constructed and was used to infect CD44+ nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells which were sorted by flow cytometry. A lentiviral which included a random sequence was also designed to serve as a negative control. We employed fluorescence microscope and flow cytometry to detect infection efficiency; real-time PCR was used to detect Bmi-1 and its downstream gene while each protein expression level was confirmed by western blotting protocol; CCK-8 proliferation assay was applied to measure proliferation capacity; tumor spheroid assay was used to evaluate the self-renewal capacity. Colony formation assay was used to measure cell colony formation capability; flow cytometry analyzed cell cycle distribution., Result: The constructed LV-Bmi-1shRNA successfully infected into the CD44+ nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. The infection efficiency could reach above 95%; LV-Bmi-lshRNA effectively inhibited Bmi-1 mRNA and protein expression, while the downstream gene p16INK4a and p14ARF mRNA as well as protein expression level were upregulated (P < 0.05). Notablely, the proliferation, colony formation, self-renewal capabilities of the experimental group decreased significantly (P < 0.05). In addition, the cell cycle arrested at the G0-G1 phase., Conclusion: Gene silencing of Bmi-1 inhibited the proliferation, colony formation and self-renewal capabilities of the CD44+ nasopharyngeal carcinoma CSC-LCs, inhibited the cell cycle processes, which may mediate through Bmi1-p16INK4a/p14ARF-p53 pathway. Our experimental results indicated that Bmi-1 gene may play an important role in the maintenance of the stem cell-like characteristics of CD44+ nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Bmi-1 gene may be a potential new target for the treatment of nasopharyng al carcinoma in the future.

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the aspiratory resistance, filtration penetration and their influence factors of N95 filtering-facepiece respirators used widely in China., Methods: The total of 6 brands and 21 models of N95 filtering-facepiece respirators which are certified and big sales on the market. The aspiratory resistance and filtration efficiency filter penetration were measured while air pump ran from 10 L/min to 100 L/min using differential pressure gauge and the PortaCount, respectively., Results: The filtration penetrations for 2 of the 21 models were lower than 95%, and the qualified rate for all models was 90.47%. The filtration penetrations gradually decreased when ventilation flow of air pump increased. The negative correlation was observed between filtration penetration and ventilation flow (r(2) = 0.711, P < 0.05). The resistances of all 21 models of N95 respirators met the requirements of the national standard. The aspiratory resistance started to elevate with the increasing of ventilation flow, and a positive correlation between both (r(2) = 0.878, P < 0.05). Significant differences of filtration penetration and aspiratory resistance were observed among between different brands (P < 0.05) although no differences of filtration penetration existed among different models of one brand (P > 0.05). But the differences of the aspiratory resistance among different models of one brand were statistically significant (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: The aspiratory resistances of all N95 filtering-facepiece respirators used in this study met the requirements of the national standard. And the qualified ratio of filtration penetration of all models was higher than 90%. The influencing factors of aspiratory resistance included materials, size and ventilation flow. And influencing factors for filtration penetration were materials and ventilation flow.

Objective: To analyze the rare alleles of D13S325 locus which fell in the size range of D12S391 locus with the STRtyper-10G kit., Methods: Genotyping results of cases with suspected rare alleles of D13S325 were verified with Sinofiler(TM) kit and a singleplex amplification system. The rare alleles were separated and sequenced., Results: Five families were detected with rare alleles of the D13S325 locus, which were misread as allele 20 of D12S391 locus. The alleles were named as 5.1 based on DNA sequences and have a frequency of 0.156 × 10(-2)., Conclusion: As the rare allele 5.1 of D13S325 locus with the STRtyper-10G kit is prone to be mistyped, attention should be paid in the paternity testing, personal identification and DNA database search.

Objective: To study the influence of host cellular HLA-I molecules expression by HBV precore region mutants., Methods: The plasmids of the wild type of HBV precore region and the mutants of A83 and A83/A86 were constructed, and then transected into HepG2 cells. The biological activity of HBV precore gene in the host cells was identified. The expression of HLA-I molecules was detected by flow cytometric analysis., Results: DNA segments similar with HBV precore gene size and HBeAg were detected by PCR and ELISA, respectively. The fluorescence intensity of HLA-I on host cells was different: wild type being 1.3; A83, 17.6; and A83/A86, 7.3., Conclusions: HBV precore gene hot-spot mutants in vitro can increase the expression of HLA-I molecules on host cells.