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The structure dynamic reliability analysis is of great importance of measuring the structural safety state and operation characteristic. An efficient dynamic reliability analysis method which simultaneously consi-ders the uncertainties of dynamic excitation load and material properties parameters is adopted. The Kriging surrogate model between the uncertainty material property parameters and conditional dynamic reliability is constructed to deduce the analytical expression of the dynamic reliability. Simultaneously, a new learning function for constructing the adaptive Kriging surrogate is proposed, and its accuracy and efficiency are verified by dynamic reliability analysis of ceramic matrix composites aircraft skin frame structure under the random uncertainties of dynamic excitation load and material properties parameters. The results show that the proposed method for estimating the dynamic reliability can not only avoid the error caused by numerical integration with surrogate model, but also provide accurate solution of dynamic reliability by using the computational costs as little as possible.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Abelmoschus manihot (A. Manihot) alone and in combination with irbesartan, for reduction of albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetic kidney disease. Methods A multicenter randomized double-blind and parallel controlled clinical trial was performed in 9 hospitals of Jiangsu Province (Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, First People's Hospital of Changzhou, First People's Hospital of Xuzhou, Wuxi People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Taizhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Changzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine) from May 2017 to March 2021. Huangkui capsule, as a traditional Chinese medicine, is made from the ethanol extract of flowers in A. Manihot. All enrolled patients were randomly assigned to the irbesartan group [irbesartan tablets (150 mg/dose, 1 dose/day) +Huangkui capsule simulant (2.5 g/dose, 3 doses/day)], Huangkui capsule group [Huangkui capsule (2.5 g/dose, 3 doses/day) +irbesartan simulant (150 mg/dose, 1 dose/day)], and combined treatment group [irbesartan tablets (150 mg/dose, 1 dose/day) +Huangkui capsule (2.5 g/dose, 3 doses/day)]. The duration of intervention was 24 weeks. Urinary creatinine and urinary albumin were detected at baseline and 24 weeks after treatment, and the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio was calculated to observe the change value and rate of UACR compared with baseline. The occurrence of adverse events, adverse reactions, serious adverse events, serious adverse events, and adverse events leading to withdrawal were recorded and the incidence was calculated. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), χ² test or Fisher's exact test were used to compare among groups. Results A total of 413 patients with type 2 diabetic kidney disease were included, including 138 in the irbesartan group, 137 in the Huangkui capsule group and 138 in the combined treatment group. After 24 weeks of treatment, the UACR changes of three groups were (-89.07±51.17) mg/g in the irbesartan group, (-146.06±45.52) mg/g in the Huangkui capsule group, and (-262.31±39.08) mg/g in the combined treatment group. The rate of UACR change was (-5.21±6.12)% in the irbesartan group, (-11.89±5.75)% in the Huangkui capsule group, and (-28.56±4.65)% in the combined treatment group, respectively. There were significant differences between the combined treatment group and the irbesartan group in the change value and rate of UACR (P<0.001), while there were no statistical differences between the Huangkui capsule group and irbesartan group (P>0.05). After 24 weeks of treatment, there were no significant differences in the incidence of adverse events, adverse reactions, serious adverse events and serious adverse reactions among the 3 groups (P>0.05). Conclusion The combination of irbesartan and Huangkui capsule can reduce the level of UACR in patients with type 2 diabetic kidney disease, and it shows good efficacy and safety in the treatment of albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetic kidney disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess the impact of confined placental mosaicism (CPM) on non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) and pregnancy outcomes., Methods: Copy number variation sequencing (CNV-seq) and single nucleotide polymorphism array (SNP-array) were carried out on placental specimen sampled from eight pregnancies with confirmed false-positive NIPT results. The impact of CPM on NIPT and pregnancy outcomes were analyzed based on the laboratory tests and clinical characteristics., Results: Five of the eight cases with false-positive NIPT results were proven to be CPM involving trisomy 9, 13, 21, 22, and X, respectively. The mosaic ratios for different placental regions have varied from 4% to 80%. Two fetuses with confirmed CPM showed fetal growth restriction (FGR) and additional ultrasound abnormalities, 1 fetus showed only FGR. The remaining two fetuses showed normal growth., Conclusion: NIPT is highly sensitive to CPM, whilst CPM is an important cause for false-positive NIPT result. CPM may be associated with FGR. Investigation of the presence of CPM is important for both pre- and post-test genetic counseling and management of the pregnancy.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are a group of toxic pollutants existing in the environment widely, and can be taken into the body through various ways containing the digestive tract, respiratory tract and so on. Pregnant women and newborn infants are important and susceptive populations. Relevant study evidences indicate that exposure to PAH during pregnancy may be a important risk factor of preterm delivery, but the special mechanism isn't very clear and may be related with DNA damage, oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, endocrine disruption and so on. This paper reviewed related contents including the influences and evaluation methods of exposure to PAH during pregnancy, increasing risk and potential mechanism for preterm delivery of exposure to PAH during pregnancy.

Objective: To establish a method for the isolation, primary culture and characterization of mouse mesangial cells (MCs)., Methods: We used two-layer micropore filter device to isolate glomeruli, and the MCs were cultured with eugenic selection method. Cell structures of MCs were observed by inverted phase contrast microscope, HE staining, scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. Expressions of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA and nephrin were investigated by immunofluorescent cytochemistry. We used angiotensin II to stimulate MCs and observed the biological characteristics of the cells. The growth curve of MCs was examined by CCK-8 assay., Results: After 20-30 days, the primary cultured MCs gradually covered the bottom of the dish. The mouse MCs usually attached to the surface 6-10 hours after passage, followed by the exponential phase in 2-3 days and the platform period in 3-5 days. Immunofluorescent staining showed that the expression of α-SMA was positive and nephrin was negative. MCs contraction was observed after the cells were stimulated by angiotensin II for 15 minutes., Conclusion: A method for the isolation, culture and characterization of mouse mesangial cells has been successfully established.

Objective: To investigate the absorption characteristic of borneol., Method: Using single pass perfusion model, the active ingredient of borneol were detected by GC. The drug concentration, perfusion rate and pH value on the absorption of borneol were studied., Result: Perfusion rate on the absorption rate constants (Ka) had significant effects. Drug concentration and pH value on the absorption rate constants had no significant impact., Conclusion: the absorption of borneol is good by nasal. The absorption rate constants of borneol have no effected by drug concentration. The absorption of borneol is via a simple diffusion.

Objective: To study pharmacokinetic of puerarin in rats following different methods of administration of Tongqiao Sanyu prescription., Method: Tongqiao Sanyu prescription was administered to rats by caudal vein injection, nasal administration and oral administration. Plasma samples were extracted with methanol and the plasma concentration of puerarin was analyzed by RP-HPLC. The pharmacokinetic parameters and bioavailability were calculated with Kinetica software., Result: The main pharmacokinetic parameters were as follows: AUC(0-infinity) of caudal vein injection was (787.99 +/- 70.44) mg x min x L(-1); AUC(0-infinity) of nasal administration was (376.56 +/- 93.93) mg x min x L(-1); AUC(0-infinity) and oral administration (The dose was decuple higher than that of caudal vein injection and nasal administration) was (491.18 +/- 110.64) mg x min x L(-1). The absolute bioavailability of puerarin was 47.78% by nasal administration and 6.23% by oral administration., Conclusion: The bioavailability of nasal administration is higher than oral administration significantly, this result can provide some scientific foundantion for the method of administration and the reform of dosage form of Tongqiao Sanyu prescription.

Objective: To develop a GC-FID method for the determination of borneol concentration in rat plasma and to investigate the pharmacokinetics after injection of novel-Xingnaojing., Method: Novel-Xingnaojing was injected via by caudal vein injection. The blood samples were collected by posterior orbital venous plexus approach at 0.5, 1, 3, 5, 8, 12, 20, 30, 45 min. The drug in plasma was extracted with ethyl acetate and then detected by GC-FID, octadecane was used as the internal standard. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by the software of Kinetica., Result: The calibration curve was good linear in the range of 1.67-16.67 mg x L(-1). The extraction recoveries of low, medium and high concentration were (92.81 +/- 1.11)%, (85.38 +/- 0.86)% and (84.58 +/- 0.58)%, respectivley. And the RSDs of within-day and between-day were below 3.00%. Plasma concentration of borneol was consistent with the two-compartment open model. The pharmacokinetic parameters were that the t1/2alpha was (1.18 +/- 0.20) min, the t1/2beta was (22.27 +/- 6.85) min, the C(max)(Calc) was (18.76 +/- 2.10) mg x L(-1), the MRT was (23.84 +/- 7.67) min(-1), and the AUC was (100.00 +/- 15.85) mg x min x L(-1)., Conclusion: The GC-FID method developed can be applied to determination and pharmacokinetics. The borneol in novel-Xingnaojing is distributed and metabolized fast after being administrated.

Objective: To study in vitro release of Xingnaojing microemulsion and to investigate the release mechanism., Method: The concentration of jasminoidin was determined by HPLC and the concentration of Aipian was determined by GC. In vitro release characteristics were conducted by dialysis technique. Model fitting was used to determine the kinetics and mechanism., Result: Jasminoidin released completely within 2 h, fitting the Weibell model best. The release of borneol fitted first order model., Conclusion: The release mechanisms of different types of medicines are quite different. The different types of medicines dissolve in the different phases in the microemulsion.

Objective: To establish a sensitive HPLC method for determining the concentrations of paeonol in rat plasma and to evaluate its pharmacokinetic characteristics., Method: The paeonol from eortex Moutan was distilled by the way of water-vapor. A single i.v. dose of 4 mg x kg(-1) paeonol injection was given to 5 health rats. Paeonol was separated on a Diamonsil -C18 column with methanol-water (60: 40)as mobile phase. The plasma concentrations of paeonol were determined and its pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated and evaluated by using kinetica 4.0., Result: The linear range of the method for paeonol was 0.204-20.4 mg x L(-1) and the determination limit was 0.204 mg x L(-1). The main pharmacokinetic parameters, such as AUC, MRT, C(max), Kel, t(1/2kel), after a single dose of paeonol injection were (111.88 +/- 14.44) mg x L(-1) x min(-1), (23.25 +/- 5.86) min, (8.99 +/- 0.84) mg x L(-1), (0.082 +/- 0.015) min(-1) and (8.73 +/- 1.54) min, respectively., Conclusion: The HPLC method for determining paeonol concentration in plasma is simple, rapid, sensitive and suitable for pharmacokinetic studies.

Objective: To develop a RP-HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of five components including ligustrazine, ferulic acid, butylphthalide, ligustilide and butene-NBP in Rhizoma Chuanxiong, a Chinese herbal medicine., Method: The chromatographic analysis was carried out by using a grace smart RP C18 column with the mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and 0.1% phosphoric acid (volume fraction), which was in gradient elution. A DAD detector was used to detect the components. The peak area was chosen under their maximum absorption wavelength for different components, and quantitated by using the external standard method., Result: The calibration curves were linear within the range of 0.008 35-0.668, 0.020 6-1.648, 0.012 2-0.976 , 0.050 75-4.06, 0.015 7-1.256 microg for ligustrazine, ferulic acid, butylphthalide, ligustilide and butene-NBP, respectively. The average recoveries of the five components were 101.98%, 99.91%, 96.94%, 100.85% and 99.04%, respectively., Conclusion: This method is simple, quick, reproducible, with high recovery, and has been successfully applied to the simultaneous determination of the five components in Rhizoma Chuanxiong. This method can be used to control the quality of Rhizoma Chuanxiong and its preparations.

Objective: To establish a method to determine the dissolution of Tanshinone IIA in xianling gubao capsules, and compare the dissolution of Xianling Gubao capsules prepared by different processes., Method: The small cup method was used at a rotary speed of 100 r x min(-1), the dissolubility was inspected in the following 6 mediums: (1) water; (2) 0.1 mol x L(-1) hydrochloric acid solution; (3) pH 6.8 phosphate buffer; (4) pH 6.8 phosphate buffer solution + 0.5% cholic acid; (5) pH 6.8 phosphate buffer solution + 1.0% cholic acid; (6) pH 7.6 phosphate buffer solution + 4. 0% cholic acid. A HPLC method was used to determine the dissolution samples of tanshione IIA in different dissolution mediums. The accumulative dissolution percentages were calculated, and the resemblance of release curves were compared by similarity factors (f2)., Result: The accumulative dissolution percentage was the highest while pH 7.6 phosphate buffer solution + 4.0% cholic acid was used as medium. The similarity factor values (f2) of tanshinone IIA dissolution curves of different preparation processes of Xianling Gubao capsules were all less than 50., Conclusion: There is significant difference in tanshinone IIA dissolution between Xianling Gubao capsules of different preparation processes. The accumulative dissolution percentages of the tanshinone IIA in new Xianling Gubao capsules is higher than that in the capsules prepared by other preparation processes.

Objective: To develop an HPLC method for the determination of plasma concentration of jasminoidin and study the pharmacokinetics of jasminoidin in rabbits administered Xingnaojing naristillae by nasal medication., Method: After sampling blood from the left arteria carotis of rabbits which were administered Xingnaojing naristillae medication by nasal by 12 mg x kg(-1) (counted by gardenia extract) at 1, 3, 5, 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 240 min, the plasma samples were dealt with acetonitrile precipitation and HPLC was used to determine the plasma concentration of jasminoidin. The pharmacokinetic parameters were computed by Kinetica software., Result: The calibration curve was linear (r = 0.999 6) within the range of 0.136 5-2.73 mg x L(-1) for jasminoidin in plasma. The average recovery was (97.14 +/- 3.78)%, (95.06 +/- 2.95)%, (91.50 +/- 1.82)%. The within-day and between-day precision met the requirements, because the RSD were both less than 4%. Jasminoidin was fitted to a two-compartment open pharmacokinetic model in rabbits. The mainly pharmacokinetic parameters were: C(max) = (2.013 +/- 0.563) mg x L(-1), T(max) = (6.405 +/- 1.764) min, K(e) = (0.032 5 +/- 0.013 3) min(-1), CL = (0.059 3 +/- 0.0246) L x min(-1) x kg(-1), AUC = (116.89 +/- 50.19) mg x min(-1) x L(-1), MRT = (84.447 +/- 19.420) min., Conclusion: The method can be used to determine the concentration and to investigate the pharmacokinetics of jasminoidin in rabbits. Jasminoidin was absorbed rapidly by nasal medication and has a good perspective.

Objective: To study the dissolution characteristics of seven active components of Xianlinggubao capsules in vitro, and compare the dissolution of Xianlinggubao capsules prepared by different processes., Method: The dissolution of Xianlinggubao capsules was determined by small cup method with the rotating speed of 100 r x min(-1) and phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) as dissolution medium. The different dissolution rates in vitro of seven kinds of active components (icariin, epimedin C, asperosaponin VI, psoralen, isopsoralen, salvianolic acid B and tanshinone IIA) of Xianlinggubao capsules were investigated. The contents of active components were determined by HPLC. The accumulative dissolution percentages were calculated, and the resemblance of release curves were compared by similarity factors (f2)., Result: The results of determination showed that the similarity factor values (f2) of the dissolution curves of seven active components after different preparation processes were all less than 50., Conclusion: There is significant difference in dissolution of active components between Xianlinggubao capsules of different preparation processes. The accumulative dissolution percentages of the active components in new Xianlinggubao capsules are higher than that of Xianlinggubao capsules.

Objective: To study the in vitro mucosal permeation properties of paeonol and the factors that affect such permeability., Method: Bullfrog skin was selected as the permeation model, and the modified Franz diffusion cell was adopted to investigate the percutaneous adsorption in vitro. Content of paeonol was quantified by HPLC. Kinds of receiving solution, parts of bullfrog skin and impacts of drug concentration on percutaneous adsorption in vitro were systematically studied., Result: Percutaneous permeation of paeonol was to some extent affected by osmotic pressure and pH value of the receiving solution. Abdominal skin, lateral abdominal skin and dorsal skin, with the permeability coefficient form high to low, had great influence on the permeation of paeonol. There existed a good percutaneous permeation of paeonol. And the relationship between the cumulative permeability rate and time was coincided with the first order kenetical process., Conclusion: Take the in vitro abdominal skin of bullfrog as the permeation model, some similarities are revealed between in vitro percutaneous permeation of paeonol and mucosal adsorption.