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The fundamental extraction principle, production process, and instrument of the subcritical fluid (including water) technology in terms of the aquatic products materials were introduced in this review, and the academic progress of SFE technology in extracting and separating nutritional components from the aquatic products within the recent 10 years were summarized, in terms of proteins/peptides, lipids and polysaccharides from aquatic products. The advantages of different processing factors for the extraction of specific components were summarized, and the future development direction of SFE equipment and technology in the deep processing of aquatic products was prospected.

Common unsupervised feature selection methods only consider the selection of discriminative features,while ignoring the redundancy of features and failing to consider the problem of small classes,which affect the classification performance.Based on this background,a robust uncorrelated regression algorithm is proposed.First,research on uncorrelated regression,use uncorrelated orthogonal constraints to find irrelevant but discriminative features.Uncorrelated constraints keep the data structure in the Stiefel manifold,making the model have a closed solution,avoiding the possible trivial solutions caused by the traditional ridge regression model.Secondly,the loss function and the regularization term use the L2,1 norm to ensure the robustness of the model and obtain a sparse projection matrix.At the same time,the small class problem is taken into account,so that the number of projection matrices is not limited by the number of classes,and the result is enough projection matrices to improve the classification performance of the model.Theoretical analysis and experimental results on multiple data sets show that the proposed method has better performance than other feature selection methods.

Objective To explore whether ADP ribose polymerase 14(PARP14) is related to depression and does it affect the inflammatory response of microglia. Methods Three kinds of mouse depression model were established to find potential relationship between the expression level of PARP14 and the change in depression-related brain areas including chronic restraint(CRS)model, chronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS)model, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) model. Then the effect of Parp14 over-expression and knockdown on inflammatory response was examined in immortalized microglia cell line BV2. Results The expression of PARP14 increased in the hippocampal tissues of all three kinds of depression models, and the expression of PARP14 in the CRS model group was correlated with the expression level of inflammatory response factors in the tissues. The expression level of PARP14 also increased after stimulation of mouse immortalized microglia cell line BV2 by LPS .At the same time, BV2 cells with over-expression of PARP14 expressed more pro-inflammatory cytokines as a response to LPS stimulation, while those with knockdown Parp14 or treatment with PARP14 inhibitor showed the opposite results. Conclusions This study shows that the expression level of PARP14 in the hippocampus of depression model mice increased, which may enhance the level of neuroinflammation and aggravate depression-like phenotype by exacerbating the :PS induced inflammatory response of microglia cells .

To study the effect of the structure of self-supporting binding (SSB) forming fabrics for high-speed papermaking on heir abrasion resistance, we analyzed the mass loss rate of SSB forming fabrics with different parameters (weave pattern, bottom weft diameter, warp and weft yarn density, and insertion method, etc.) under the abrasion test conditions of 500, 750, 1 000, 2 500, and 5 000 cycles. The results show that the abrasion degree of SSB forming fabrics increases with the increase of friction cycles, and the influence of weaving pattern on the abrasion resistance of SSB forming fabrics varies with warp and weft densities. When the warp and weft densities are small, the mass loss rate is the highest with the bottom layer made of 10-variant warp satin pattern, whereas when the warp and weft densities are large, the mass loss rate is the lowest. Under the same conditions, the abrasion resistance of SSB forming fabrics is positively correlated with the bottom weft diameter and the warp and weft densities. The abrasion resistance of the main structure of SSB forming fabrics is better than hat of the inserted structure formed by the inserting process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cyclophilin A (CypA) serves as a principal receptor of Cyclosporin A (CsA) within cells, exhibiting considerable biodiversity and playing an important role in immune system. In this study, the full-length cDNA sequence (GenBank ID: MN121742) of CypA of Hyriopsis cumingii was obtained using PCR and RACE technology. The cDNA sequence spans 1237 bp, comprising a 57 bp 5' noncoding region (UTR), a 688 bp 3' noncoding region, and a 492 bp open reading frame, encoding a total of 164 amino acids. The theoretical isoelectric point of the CypA cDNA sequence is 8.9, and the relative molecular weight is 17.29 kD. A search for homologous sequences in GenBank revealed high similarities between CypA amino acid sequence of Hyriopsis cumingii and those of other shellfish species, including Hyriopsis schlegelii (99.39%), Cyclina sinensis (77.44%), Ruditapes philippinarum (78.05%), Crassostrea ariakensis (78.66%), and Solen grandis (75.05%). Utilizing SWISS-MODEL, it was predicted that CypA of Hyriopsis cumingii contains 8 p-pleated sheets and 2 a helixes, potentially forming the active central region of CypA. A multiple sequence comparative analysis was carried out by using the MEGA 5.1 Software, and a phylogenetic tree of the genetic system was constructed employing the neighbor-joining method. The analysis revealed that CypA of Hyriopsis cumingii clustered with CypA of shellfish from the same genus, particularly exhibiting a close genetic relationship with CypA of Hyriopsis schlegelii. The expressions levels of CypA in different tissues of Hyriopsis cumingii were assessed through qRT-PCR, indicating the highest expression in the gonad, followed by the liver, kidney and gill. Upon exposure to Aeromonas hydrophila, a bacterial infection, expression levels of CypA in gonad, liver, gill, and intestines exhibited an initial increase followed by a subsequent decrease within the first 72h of infection. Specifically, peak expression levels were observed at 6h in gonad and gill, at 12h in liver, and at 24h in intestines. This proves that Aeromonas hydrophila infection significantly induce the expressions of CypA in Hyriopsis cumingii. Expression level of CypA in gonad reaches the peak earlier than that in liver and intestines. Moreover, the relative expression times (14.91) of CypA in gonad at peak is significantly higher than those in liver (9.89), intestines (9.78) and gill (7.53). It is speculated that CypA plays an important role in defending against bacterial infections in gonad, which may not only serve reproductive functions, but also contribute significantly to immune defense. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The microcrystalline cellulose/thermoplastic starch (MCC/TPS) film was prepared by melt extrusion method, and the MCC/TPS film was combined with paper by hot pressing method. The results show that the SEM images show that the interface layer of paper-plastic composite has good adhesion. When the addition a-mount of MCC is 5wt%, the mechanical properties of TPS film are improved, and the path of water vapor through TPS film is extended, resulting in the water vapor transmittability of MCC/TPS/paper composite is reduced, and the barrier properties of paper-plastic composite are improved. TPS/paper composites and MCC/ TPS/paper composites have better physical properties (i.e. smoothness, flexibility and folding resistance) than paper alone. Therefore, the addition of MCC can improve the barrier properties and mechanical properties of paper-plastic composite materials to meet the requirements of the food packaging industry for low water sensitive materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microbial degradable feather meal is using the feather degrading enzymes produced by microorganisms to degrade feather keratin and turn it into a protein, which can be absorbed by livestock and poultry. Microbial fermented feather meal can significantly reduce the intestinal protease activity in livestock and poultry diets, but has no significant effect on animal performance, and can reduce the feeding cost. The paper reviews the nutritional value and microbial degradation mechanism of feather waste and its application effect in livestock and poultry production, to provide a reference for the application of feather waste in livestock and poultry production practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Micropterus salmonides, Channa argus and Siniperca chuatsi, as carnivorous fish, were mostly fed with fresh feed and fresh bait in the traditional breeding process. In recent years, with the depth of research on nutritional requirement and feeding strategies, they has begun to culture with artificial compound feed, especially protein requirements. The paper summarizes the current research advances on protein nutritional requirements of Micropterus salmonides, Channa argus and Siniperca chuatsiat home and abroad, aiming to provide reference basis for accurate protein nutrition research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective·To analyze the clinical features of the patients with 45, X/46, XY mosaicism, and improve the understanding, diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Methods·The clinical manifestations, the level of sex hormones, and the gonads pathology of the patients with 45,X/46,XY mosaicism diagnosed by G-banding karyotype analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were retrospectively analyzed, who were admitted in Children's Hospital of Soochow University from January 2014 to December 2020. Results·Twenty-three patients with 45,X/46,XY mosaicism were included, among whom 11 cases were the female phenotype, and 12 cases were the male phenotype. In these patients, 12 patients were diagnosed by Gbanding karyotype analysis, 10 patients were diagnosed by FISH, and only 1 patient was diagnosed by array-based comparative genomic hybridization. The age of the first diagnosis was 0.3-14.9 years. The mean age of the patients with the female phenotype was (9.3±3.9) years, which was bigger than that of the male phenotype [(4.4±3.7) years, P<0.05]. All the patients above 1 year old had different degrees of short stature, especially in the female phenotype patients. In the female phenotype patients, three patients had clitoromegaly, while the other patients had no masculine appearance of external genitalia. The external masculinisation scores (EMS) of the patients with the female phenotype were 0-2.5. Twelve patients with the male phenotype were in pre-adolescent state, among whom 4 patients had hypospadias combined with cryptorchidism, 3 patients had hypospadias, 3 patients had small testicles, and 2 patients had normal external genitalia. The EMS of them ranged from 4 to 12, with a mean score of 10.5. All the patients with the female phenotype had hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, while most of the patients with the male phenotype had gonadotropin levels matched with their age. There were 3 patients with the female phenotype having gonadoblastomas. Conclusion·The 45,X/46,XY mosaicism patients present a wide spectrum of manifestations. The risk of gonadal malignancy onset should be emphasized. EMS has guiding significance for clinical evaluation of these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to screen out the varieties of Cucurbita maxima suitable for the cultivation in Fujian Province, by taking Yipinnangua as the control group, the variety comparative test was carried out on the 19 imported varieties of Cucurbita maxima such as Lvbaobeibei, Fubei No. 7, Mobao and so on, so as to investigate the quality, yield and resistance of each variety. The results showed that the commodity characters and quality characters of Lvbaobeibei, Xiaohei, Huiguniang, Xiaobeinangua 1205 and Jizaowang were better. The yield per 667 m² of Dongsheng, Xiaoli, Xi-aohei, Mobao, Xiaobeinangua 1205 and Jizaowang increased by 38. 39%, 35. 96%, 33. 08%, 28. 67%, 27. 60% and 26. 87%, respectively, compared with that of the control Yipinnangua. The disease resistances of Xianbei, Xiaohei, Xiaobeinangua 1205, Huijingling were stronger. Xiaohei, Xiaobeinangua 1205, Mobao and Dongsheng showed better performance in the plant growth, fruit commodity, quality and yield, which were the early maturing varieties. Xiaohei and Xiaobeinangua 1205 had the best comprehensive performance. The four varieties of Cucurbita maxima were in line with the local consumption habits and could be promoted and demonstrated locally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA) was used to study the element Sr and Ca microchemistry patterns in sagittal otoliths of two dried individuals of Coilia nasus collected from a fish market by the Dongting Lake in Yueyang City of China in August 2018. The results of line transect analysis indicated that the ratios of Sr/Cax1000 in the otolith of the two individuals fluctuated significantly. The ratios from otolith core to edge of the two anchovies in turn exhibited three different phases, namely low (<3, freshwater habitat), high (>3, brackish water habitat), and low (<3, freshwater habitat) Sr/Cax1000 ratios. These three different phases could be more visually presented in sequence by the Sr intensity maps of bluish region (low Sr level, low salinity freshwater habitat), yellowish and greenish regions (high Sr level, high salinity brackish water habitat), and bluish region (low Sr level, low salinity freshwater habitat), respectively. The fluctuation patterns of Sr/Cax1000 and Sr level demonstrated that these two C. nasus fish were typical anadromous individuals. These results revealed that there may still be anadromous C. nasus in the Dongting Lake, about 1400 km from the mouth of the Yangtze River. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on a type of stamping welding hydraulic torque converter, a blade thickness full factor test was designed. Firstly, the main effects and the interaction effects of torque converter external characteristics were analyzed, combining with numerical simulation of flow field. The results show that, the main effects make the capableness of the torque converter descend along with the blade thickness increasing and the interaction effects of blade thickness are not obvious. And then, the numerical variation effects of blade thickness on performance were analyzed. The results show that, the increased thickness of the vane can induce a decline of the torque transmitted by the torque converter and this decline is from slow to fast. Finally, the blade thickness was optimized based on the study results. Combined with the actual thickness of the engineering board, the blade thickness was determined and a verification test was carried out. Similar to the variation of pump rotation moment with blade thickness, turbine torque decreases with the increase of blade thickness, especially in the low speed ratio region of torque converter. When the blade thickness is within 3 mm, for each increase of 0. 5 mm thickness, the turbine torque value decreases by 0.5%, and when the blade thickness exceeds 3 mm, the turbine torque changes faster, and for each additional 0. 5 mm, the maximum change of the pump rotation moment is about 3. 8%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the effect of placement of peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) via the upper versus lower extremity veins in neonates through a Meta analysis. Methods CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP Data, CBMdisc, PubMed, Web of Knowledge, Embase, Medline, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar were searched for control studies on the effect of PICC placement via the upper versus lower extremity veins in neonates. RevMan 5.3 was used to perform a Meta analysis of the studies which met the inclusion criteria. Results A total of 18 studies were included, among which there were 8 randomized controlled trials and 10 cohort studies, with 4 890 subjects in total. Compared with those undergoing PICC placement via the upper extremity veins, the neonates undergoing PICC placement via the lower extremity veins had significantly lower incidence rates of complications (RR=0.83, 95%CI: 0.75- 0.92, P<0.05), catheter-related infections (RR=0.77, 95%CI: 0.60-0.99, P<0.05), catheter malposition (RR=0.28, 95%CI: 0.18-0.42, P<0.05), extravasation of the infusate (RR=0.52, 95%CI: 0.40-0.70, P<0.05), and unplanned extubation (RR=0.82, 95%CI: 0.69-0.98, P<0.05). They also had a significantly higher first-attempt success rate of puncture (RR=1.17, 95%CI: 1.05-1.30, P<0.05) and a significantly shorter PICC indwelling time (MD=-0.93, 95%CI: -1.26-0.60, P<0.05). Conclusions The above evidence shows that PICC placement via the lower extremity veins has a better effect than PICC placement via the upper extremity veins in neonates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of SrCl2 ⋅ 6H2O to mark otoliths of juvenile common carp ( Cyprinus carpio). The carp fish were immersed with four concentrations of the Sr compound (i.e., 0, 4, 8, 12 mg ⋅ L ) for 2 d to determine the essential concentration for immersing. Then, the carp fish were immersed in 8 mg ⋅ L of the Sr compound for five different immersing times (i.e., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 d) to establish the essential immersing time. Results from electron microprobe analysis (EPMA) showed that otolith Sr marks were very obvious in all C. carpio fish of the aforementioned Sr immersed group with high ratio of Sr/Ca concentration and red color ( high Sr level) ring map, compared to the control group with low ratio of Sr/Ca concentration and basic blue color (low Sr level) map. We obtained a 100% mark-success rate of otolith Sr marking in juvenile C. carpio. No significant difference were observed on the average body length, mass and mortality between the immersed group and the control group, suggesting that Sr marking had no negative impact on fish. As clear and complete otolith Sr marked rings occurred at concentration of 8 mg ⋅ L or more, and immersing time of 2 d or more for the Sr compound, 8 mg ⋅ L-1 and 2 d were suggested as the essential immersing Sr concentration and immersing time, respectively. Our results demonstrated the strong feasibility of otolith Sr marking for juvenile C. carpio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of thrombectomy with Solitaire stent for treatment of acute middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), and to identify the predictive factors for clinical outcome. Methods A total of 25 patients with acute middle cerebral artery (MCA)-M1 segment occlusion were treated by thrombectomy with Solitaire stent. Time from onset to femoral artery puncture, time from femoral artery puncture to recanalization, times of thrombectomy, thrombolytic therapy or not, balloon dilatation and/or stent implantation, intraarterial thrombolysis or not, tirofiban treatment after therapy or not were recorded. Vascular recanalization immediately after procedure was evaluated by Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (TICI). National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was used to evaluate neurological function of patients 24 h after operation, and the clinical outcomes were assessed by modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 90 d after treatment. The occurrence rate of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage within 24 h after operation and mortality within 90 d after treatment were recorded. Results Median time from onset to femoral artery puncture was 5.00 (4.00, 6.30) h; median time from femoral artery [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is a vitamin A derivative and plays an important role in the regulation of cell aggregation, differentiation, apoptosis, proliferation, and inflammatory response. In recent years, some progress has been made in the role of ATRA in renal diseases, especially its protective effect on podocytes. This article reviews the research advances in podocyte injury, characteristics of ATRA, podocyte differentiation and regeneration induced by ATRA, and the protective effect of ATRA against proliferation, deposition of fibers, and apoptosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the angle of model recognition, based on Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) we propose a new supervised locality preserving canonical correlation analysis (SALPCCA) based on the ALPCCA. By leveraging the useful information of class label, we can expediently construct the nearest neighbor graph and build multi-weighted correlation between samples. Through maximizing the weighted correlation between corresponding samples and their near neighbors belonging to the same classes. the SALPCCA effectively utilizes the class label information and preserves the local manifold structure of the data. Besides, we also propose a kernel SALPCCA (KSALPCCA) based on the kernel methods to better extract the nonlinear features of the data. The experimental results on the face databases of ORL, Yale and AR show that the proposed algorithm has better performance compared with the traditional canonical correlation analysis methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To effectively use multi-features in images for image retrieval, this paper used Tri-training to fuse the color feature, texture feature and shape feature. First, it extracted the three-dimensional quantized color histogram, steerable pyramid binary image projection and affine invariant regions to represent the color feature, texture feature and shape feature of the image. Then, the matching results of these three features served as the input of the Tri-training classifier for its training and testing. Experiments show that by the fusion of these features, this method is very effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the unsupervised and non-orthogonal property of the locality preserving projection, a supervised orthogonal locality preserving projection algorithm is proposed. The algorithm considers both of the class information and the orthogonal basis functions. Firstly, the within-class similarity matrix and the betweenclass similarity matrix are redefined by using the class information, the ratio of the between-class scatter and the within-class scatter is maximized, and the locality structure is preserved effectively. Secondly, the projection vector is orthogonalized, and the space structure of data is reserved as well as the effect of face recognition is further improved. Experimental results on ORL and FETER face databases demonstrate that the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm is better than other algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Semiochemicals released by plants or insects play an important role in the communication among plants, phytophagous insects and their natural enemies. They thus form a chemical information network which regulates intra- and inter-specific behaviors and sustains the composition and structure of plant and insect communities. The application of insect-resistant genetically modified (IRGM) crops may affect the chemical communication within and among the tritrophic levels, and thus cause disturbances to the biotic community structure and the stability of the farmland ecosystem. This has raised concerns about the environmental safety of IRGM crops and triggered research worldwide. In the current article we provided a brief summary of the chemical communication among plants, herbivores and natural enemies; analyzed the potential of IRGM crops to affect the chemical communication between plants and arthropods and the related mechanisms; and discussed the current research progress and the future prospects in this field. We hope that this will promote the research in this field by Chinese scientists and increase our understanding of the potential effects of growing of IRGM crops on the arthropod community structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Long-day and short-day photoperiods were set artificially, with natural condition as the control, to examine photosynthetic parameters and chlorophyll fluorescence transient kinetics of 6year-old ‘Chunjie爷peach cultivar (Prunus persica cv. Chunjie), and to investigate the effects of photoperiod on photosynthesis of the northern deciduous fruit trees. The tree advanced into the dormancy induction period under the short-day condition, and delayed under the long-day condition. In the dormancy induction period, the leaf net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and stomatal conductance (gs) decreased, and the intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) increased, suggesting that the Pn decreased because of non-stomatal limitation. Maximum quantum yield for primary photochemistry (渍Po, or Fv / Fm), potential activity (Fv / Fo), probability that a trapped exciton moved an electron into the electron transport chain beyond QA - ( 鬃o ) and performance index on absorption basis (PIABS) decreased in the dormancy induction period, suggesting that the electron transport capacity of photosynthetic electron transport chain was inhibited, possibly due to the damage to downstream electron transport chain (after QA - acceptor) of PS II reaction center. Long-day photoperiod improved Pn in the dormancy induction period, and reduced the range of decline in PIABS and the injured degree of photosystem. Short-day photoperiod deepened and accelerated the damage to photosynthetic apparatus significantly. The induced effect of photoperiod was associated with the dormancy processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the problem that it is difficult to balance realism and real-time in modeling water, a new water effects simulation method based on Gerstner wave model is proposed. Firstly, random perturbations are added into the amplitude in order to make the fluctuations varied. Secondly, the superimposed Gerstner waves are divided into large waves and small waves, and it is more convenient to control waveform by changing the parameters of the different types of wave. Finally, the reflectivity and transparency are used to adapt to different environments and waters. The experimental results show that the new model not only presents a more realistic water effects, but also gets an ideal rendering speed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study which investigates the effect of Chinese medicine and probiotic in the growth performance of Wenchang chicken.

The dimensionality reduction by orthogonal projection techniques helped preserve the information related to the metric structure and improved the recognition performance in face recognition. Based on spectral regression discriminant analysis (SRDA) and spectral regression kernel discriminant analysis (SRKDA), this paper proposed two dimensionality reduction algorithms named orthogonal SRDA (OSRDA) and orthogonal OSRKDA (OSRKDA). Firstly, it gave a set of orthogonal discriminant vectors obtained based on Cholesky decomposition. Then, this paper orthogonalized the projection vectors of SRDA and SRKDA by this method. It was very simple and easy to implement. What's more, it overcame the shortcoming that the iterative algorithm of orthogonal discriminant vectors was not suitable for spectral regression dimensionality reduction algorithms. Experiments on ORL, Yale and PIE demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the algorithms, and show that these algorithms can reduce the dimensions of the data and improve the discriminant ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By the methods of field survey and laboratory analysis, an investigation was conducted on the seasonal dynamics of biomass and carbon storage of Phragmites australis and Spartina alterniflora dominated vegetation belts in the Jiuduan Shoal Wetland of Yangtze Estuary, East China in 2010-2012. The organic carbon storage of the biomass (including aboveground part, underground part, and standing litter) of the two plants was the highest in autumn and the lowest in spring. The average carbon storage of the biomass of S. alterniflora per unit area (445. 81 g · m-2 ) was much higher than that of P. australis (285. 52 g · m-2), and the average carbon storage of the standing litter of S. alterniflora (315. 28 g · m-2 ) was also higher than that of P. australis (203. 15 g · m-2). However, the organic carbon storage in the surface soil (0-30 cm) under P. australis community (1048. 62 g · m-2 ) was almost as twice times as that under S. alterniflora community (583. 33 g · m-2). Overall, the carbon accumulation ability of P. australis community (3212. 96 g · m-2) was stronger than that of the S. alterniflora community (2730. 42 g · m-2). Therefore, it is of significance to protect the P. australis community in terms of carbon sequestration at the salt marsh. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a principle to explain and predict human behaviors, the core content of folk psychology is to illustrate people's complicated behaviors in the light of belief theory. The development of and changes in belief theory has not only led to intense discussions of the ontological status and the fate of folk psychology and, more importantly, it has shaken the foundation and status of the philosophy of mind. Therefore, it has an extremely important significance in throwing light on people's physical and mental problems in the real life and in particular on deconstructing the issue of mind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking 3-year old potted 'Shuguang' nectarine (Prunus persica var. nectariana cv. Shuguang) as test material, this paper studied the effects of high temperature (50 °C, HT) and hydrogen cyanamide (HC) on the floral bud respiratory metabolism of the tree during its natural dormancy. Both HT and HC could break the natural dormancy of the tree, and lead to a significant decrease in the respiratory metabolism of floral buds for several hours. The main respiratory pathways, tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) and pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), were affected. For the buds not received dormancy-breaking treatments, both the TCA and the PPP decreased, while treating with HT and HC induced a rapid recovery of PPP after the early respiratory attenuation. HT also induced the recovery of TCA, but HC did not show this effect in 96 hours. Therefore, respiratory attenuation and the following PPP activation could be the important part in the floral bud respiratory mechanism of HT-and HC-induced dormancy release. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: To explore whether orthodontic light force with self-ligating brackets can reduce the amount of external apical root resorption (EARR). METHODS: Thirty patients with Class I or II crowding malocclusion were selected. Four first premolars of all patients were extracted in orthodontic treatment. 15 patients were treated with self- ligating brackets (Damon 3MX) and 15 patients with conventional ligation brackets, respectively. Patients in two groups were comparable in gender, age, crowded degree and malocclusion classification at the commencement of treatment. EARR of the maxillary and mandible incisors was evaluated on panoramic radiographs and models taken before and after treatment, and measured in millimeters. Student's t test was performed using SPSS19.0 software package. RESULTS: Overall, no difference was found in the amount of EARR between the two groups. The amount of EARR in maxillary central incisor was (2.05 ± 1.51) mm in Damon group and (2.08 ± 1.21) mm in conventional group (P=0.973>0.05); (1.77 ± 1.01) mm in maxillary lateral incisor in Damon group and (1.91 ± 1.59) mm in conventional group (P=0.848>0.05); (2.06 ± 1.62) mm in mandibular central incisor in Damon group and (1.98 ± 1.50) mm in conventional group (P=0.926>0.05); (1.94 ± 1.45) mm in mandibular lateral incisor in Damon group and (1.84 ± 1.17) mm in conventional group (P=0.888>0.05). CONCLUSION: No difference should be expected for root resorption between self-ligating and conventional brackets in orthodontic extraction treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To understand the present status of the heavy metal (Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb and Hg) pollution of the sediments in water supply reservoirs in Huizhou, sediment cores were sampled from three representative reservoirs. The heavy metal concentrations were analyzed by ICP -MS, and the pollution status was assessed by geo -accumulation index (Igeo ) and potential ecological risk index (RI). In the meantime, the possible sources of the heavy metals were analyzed by the principal component analysis (PCA). In the sediments of the three reservoirs, the test heavy metals had different vertical distribution, some had less change, the others decreased or increased with depth, and the distribution patterns differed with the reservoirs. According to the Igeo, the sediments in the reservoirs were seriously polluted by Zn and Pb (Zn: 49. 98-640. 29 mg·kg-1; Pb: 21. 94-300 66 mg·kg-1 ), reaching slight to high pollution, and the middle or bottom part of the sediments was slightly polluted by Cu (16. 85-45. 46 mg·kg-1 ). On the whole, the sediments were not polluted by Cr, Cd and Hg. According to the RI and the potential ecological risk coefficient [Er(i)], the sediments in the three reservoirs were under low potential ecological risk. Based on the PCA and relevant information, the human activities such as mining and smelting, urbanization, and agriculture and forestry had great contribution to the heavy metal pollution. The Zn and Pb pollution mainly originated from mining and smelting, Pb pollution also came from motor vehicle exhaust emission and domestic wastes, and Cu pollution mainly derived from agriculture and forestry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking the floral buds of 10 years old field-cultivated and 3 years old potted nectarine (Prunus persica var. nectarine cv.Shuguang) as test materials, and by the method of real-time quantitative PCR, this paper studied the expressions of the AQPs genes δTIP1 and PIP1;1 during dormancy and dormancy-release (September 15, 2009-January 15, 2010) and the transcriptional levels of the genes under low temperature stress. Within the period of dormancy and dormancy-release, the transcriptional level of PIP1;1 presented a persistent increasing trend, and the high level expression of PIP1;1 in January could be related to the efflux of water through cytoplasma membrane and vacuolar membrane, which protected the bud cells from ice crystal injuries. The contents of soluble sugar, soluble protein, and proline in the bud cells all peaked in January, which prevented the excessive water loss from the cells. After 2 weeks of low temperature treatment, the PIP1;1 had a high level expression, indicating that it was a cold-induced gene. The transcriptional level of δTIP1 fluctuated during dormancy,and increased significantly during dormancy-release,which might be induced by the dormancy-release signals in buds and the resumption of plant activity.After 2 weeks of low temperature treatment, the expression level of δTIP1 had no increase, indicating that δTIP1 was not a cold-induced gene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve cellulase activity and obtain strong degradating strains, the Trichoderma viride (T. viride) was treated by compound mutagenic way of ethyl sulfate and ultraviolet radiation, and high producing cellulase strains were screened by plates of Congo red dying, which then were transferred to PDA culture - medium cultured for 10 generation successively and further screened by liquid fermentation. Liquid fermentation condition was optimized using straw as only carbon source. The results showed that : six T. viride mutant strains with high producing cellulase were breeded, and CMCase, FPase and β-Gase enzyme activity of h157 were increased by 72.53%, 42. 18% and 69.29% respectively compared with wild strain. The highest level of cellulase activity for h157 was obtained by the compound carbon sources of rice stalk and maize straw, and their optimal ration was 6: 1. The optimal organic and inorganic nitrogen source were bean cake powders and ammonium sulfate, and their optimal ration was 1: 1. The optimal ratio of C: N was 7: 1, and the optimal mass concentration was 3.3%. The optimal conditions for producing enzyme were pH 5.2, 28 °C and 4 d. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A hydroponic experiment was conducted to study the effects of exogenous sodium nitro- prusside (SNP), a NO donor, on the active oxygen metabolism and photosynthetic characteristics of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ) seedlings under Cd stress. The results showed that under the stress, applying 100 μmol∙L-1 SNP promoted the activities of plant superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) significantly, increased the leaf-and root calcium (Ca) and iron (Fe) contents and the leaf chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate (Pn ), transpiration rate (Tr), and stomatal conductance (Gs), and decreased the contents of H2O2 and MDA and the concentration of intercellular CO2(Ci). The addition of hemoglobin, a NO scavenger, eliminated the effects of SNP, while applying 100 μmol∙L-1 sodium nitrate or nitrite (the decomposition products of NO or its donor SNP) or 100 μmol∙L-1 sodium ferrocyanide (an analog of SNP) had no significant alleviation effects on Cd stress. This study suggested that exogenous NO could promote the scavenging of reactive oxygen, keep the mineral nutrition in balance, and alleviate the damage of Cd stress to the leaf photosynthetic apparatus, making the tomato seedlings preserve their photosynthetic efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To detect the expression of miR-203 in endometrium and decidua, and explore its significance during decidualization of endometrium. Methods; 14 secretory endometria, 16 early pregnancy deciduas and 18 spontaneous miscarriage deciduas were collected in the study. MiR-203 expression level was detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). And IGF2R was predicted as the target gene of miR-203 respectively. Furthermore, the miRNA expression of IGF2R was detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR. Results: The expression of miR-203 in secretory endometrium was higher than that in spontaneous miscarriage decidua and early pregnancy decidua (P<0.05), Moreover, IGF2R was increased in early pregnancy, comparing with secretory endometrium and spontaneous miscarriage decidua (P<0.05). Conclusions: The expression of miR-203 may be associated with decidualization by targeting IGF2R. And IGF2R might associate with early pregnancy maintenance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective:To detect the expressions of miRNA-29c,miRNA-30b and those predictive target genes in human endometrium and decidua tissues, and to explore their effects on decidualization of endometria. Methods : Tissue samples including 14 secretory endometria, 16 early pregnancy deciduas and 18 spontaneous miscarriage deciduas were collected. Expressions of miRNA-29c and miRNA-30b were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Expressions of two predicted target genes of miRNA-29c and miRNA-30b, serum and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) and leptin receptor (LEPR), were also detected by qPCR. Results-The expression of miRNA-29c in the spontaneous miscarriage decidua tissues was higher than that in the secretory endometrial tissues (P<0.05). There were not significant differences in expressions of miRNA-30b among three groups (P>0.05). Moreover, expressions of SGK1 and LEPR mRNAs were at highest level in the early pregnancy deciduas, while they were at lowest level in the spontaneous miscarriage deciduas(P<0.05). Conclusions-Expression of miRNA-29c in endometrium may be associated with decidualization by targeting SGK1. Expressions of SGK1 and LEPR in deciduas tissue may be associated with maintaining early pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]