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PURPOSE: To study the effect of hypergravity exposure after 30 days of simulated weightlessness on the expression of chemokine CCL20 and its receptor CCR6 in gingival tissue of rhesus macaque. METHODS: Twenty-three male rhesus monkeys were randomly divided into 4 groups, namely control group (A, re=3), weightlessness group (B, ra=3), hypergravity group (C, re=3) and hypergravity exposure after 30 days of simulated weightlessness group (D, n=14). Group D was further divided into 4 subgroups according to the values of overload as: +11 Gx /270 s group (Dl, re=3), +13 Gx /230 s group (D2, re =4), +15 Gx /200 s group (D3, re =4) and +13 Gx /230 s with 9 days of recovery group (D4, re =3). Histopathological changes of gingival tissues were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining and the expressions of CCL20 and CCR6 were detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and quantitative real-time PCR (Q-PCR). SPSS 17.0 software package was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Histological observation showed that no significant histopathological change was found in the gingival tissues in all experimental groups. However, there were more infiltrated lymphocytes and neutrophils in the experimental groups. Normal gingival epithelial cells were hardly stained by anti-CCL20 but weakly stained by anti-CCR6. In the experimental groups, CCL20 could be detected in the basal layer of the gingival epithelial tissue, and CCR6 could be detected in the spinous layer and the basal layer of the gingival epithelium. The CCL20 and CCR6 expression in the gingival tissues of each experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group, not only at the protein level but at the mRNA level (P<0.05) except the CCL20 expression in the weightlessness group. CONCLUSIONS: Hypergravity exposure after 30 days of simulated weightlessness will not lead to significant pathological changes in gingival tissues, but can induce the expression of chemokine CCL20 and its receptor CCR6 in gingival tissue. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (30870598) and Medical Science Foundation of PLA (06MA004). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nitrogen deposition will affect the morphology of fine roots and its absorption of nutrien-ts, resulting in changes nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. In order to understand the effects of nitrogen deposition on fine root morphological traits of Castanopsis fabri and C. carlesii, two ectomycorrhizas tree species, we carried out in situ experiment using the root bags method in an evergreen broadleaved forest in the subtropical zone. The results showed that the plastic responses of specific root length and specific root surface area of low-order roots (first to third order) to nitrogen addition was higher than that of high-order roots (fourth order). The plastic responses of root tissue density to nitrogen addition increased from the first-order to the fourth-order, while the average root diameter of each order had no significant plastic responses to nitrogen addition. There was a certain synergistic change between the plastic response of specific root length and specific surface area in the low order fine root and the plastic response of tissue density in the high order fine root. The specific root length, specific root surface area and root tissue density of the two species showed opposite plastic responses to nitrogen addition, indicating that different ectomycorrhizal tree species had different nutrient foraging strategies. C. fabri adopted rapid absorption strategy by increasing specific root length, specific root surface area, and proliferation rate of fine root length, while C. carlesii adopted a relatively conservative resource absorption strategy by increasing tissue density of fine roots.

Herbicide wastewater is one of tne industrial wastewater, it has high salt content, poor biodegradability, biodegradable characteristics. Nitrogen-containing organic compounds are dominated in dissolved organic matter and dissolved organic matter of wastewater, BOD: COD = 0.045, C:N:P = 692:426:1. Applying static headspace, purg and trap, solid-phase extraction, solid-phase microextraction and liquid-liquid extraction as pretreatment methods combined with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), which qualitatively analyzed the organic components of the Atrazine, acetochlor herbicide production wastewater and researched the UV spectrum, three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy of the wastewater and its major pollutants. The study of GC/MS indicated that Wastewater contained chlorinated hydrocarbons, BTEX and triazines, amides herbicides etc. 38 kinds of volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds, atrazine and acetochlor herbicides accounted for 87. 99%. Affected monocyclic or heterocyclic substances, the ultraviolet absorption spectrum of the wastewater in 210-230 and 250-270 nm in that the amino group lead to the UV absorption red shift 20 nm. Wastewater generated 5 fluorescence peak in λ(ex)/λ(em) = 200-280/300-400 nm, such as a(225/305 nm), b(265/365 nm), c(275/305 nm), d(285/390 nm), e(320/375 nm). Based on three-dimensional fluorescence results of the different functional groups of the characteristics organic, fluorescent area of unsaturated bond is in λ(ex)/λ(em) = 215-230/290-340 nm, the main contribution of the fluorescent substance in the region were olefins, benzene, heterocyclic in the wastewater; fluorescent area of Phenolic hydroxyl and carbonyl is in λ(ex)/λ(em) = 270/300 nm, the main contribution of the fluorescent substance in the region were phenols, ketones.

Purpose: To study the effect of hypergravity exposure after 30 days of simulated weightlessness on the expression of chemokine CCL20 and its receptor CCR6 in gingival tissue of rhesus macaque., Methods: Twenty-three male rhesus monkeys were randomly divided into 4 groups, namely control group (A,n=3), weightlessness group (B,n=3), hypergravity group (C,n=3) and hypergravity exposure after 30 days of simulated weightlessness group (D, n=14). Group D was further divided into 4 subgroups according to the values of overload as: +11 Gx /270 s group (D1, n=3), +13 Gx /230 s group (D2,n=4), +15 Gx/200 s group (D3,n=4) and +13 Gx /230 s with 9 days of recovery group (D4, n=3). Histopathological changes of gingival tissues were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining and the expressions of CCL20 and CCR6 were detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and quantitative real-time PCR (Q-PCR). SPSS 17.0 software package was used for statistical analysis., Results: Histological observation showed that no significant histopathological change was found in the gingival tissues in all experimental groups. However, there were more infiltrated lymphocytes and neutrophils in the experimental groups. Normal gingival epithelial cells were hardly stained by anti-CCL20 but weakly stained by anti-CCR6. In the experimental groups, CCL20 could be detected in the basal layer of the gingival epithelial tissue, and CCR6 could be detected in the spinous layer and the basal layer of the gingival epithelium. The CCL20 and CCR6 expression in the gingival tissues of each experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group, not only at the protein level but at the mRNA level (P<0.05) except the CCL20 expression in the weightlessness group., Conclusions: Hypergravity exposure after 30 days of simulated weightlessness will not lead to significant pathological changes in gingival tissues, but can induce the expression of chemokine CCL20 and its receptor CCR6 in gingival tissue.

Figure four of the Jiujing Tu (Illustration of Moxibustion) of the Dunhuang Caves is the earliest and the most complete recording of treatment for five kinds of strain and seven kinds of impairments in the history of acupuncture and moxibustion. Figure 12 is held as a mystery since it only provided illustrations without indications. Through analysis and approved by clinical experiences, it is held that the two figures are companion illustrations on prevention and treatment of five kinds of strain and seven kinds of impairments as well as health keeping with moxibustion. The point prescriptions in these two figures are defined according to the tri-gram in Yijing (The Book of Change), which allowed the maximization of harmony between the human and the nature. Recovery and health are thus fulfilled through regulation on points at the head, trunk and four extremities of the body. And it is considered to have great significance for promoting the development of the present acupuncture and moxibustion theory since it is effective in both preventing and curing diseases caused by deficient and stagnation conditions such as the wei (flaccidity) syndrome, bi (arthralgia) syndrome, paralysis, dementia, asthma and so on.