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Objective To establish a health emergency competency evaluation index system for public health personnel, so as to provide a theoretical basis for building a health emergency team. Methods The competency index was screened and the evaluation index frame was established by literature research method, expert association commercial method and Delphi method. The analytic hierarchy process was used to calculate the weight value of the importance of indicators at all levels, and the evaluation index system was formed. Results A total of 21 experts were invited to conduct letter inquiries, and the recovery rate of the two rounds of expert letter inquiries was 100%. The Cronbach's a coefficients of the expert letter consultation form were 0.968 and 0.963, expert authority level 0.865, Kendall's W coordination coefficient in 2 rounds of correspondence suggested that experts had a high consistency (P < 0.05) . The evaluation index system of public health personnel's competency in health emergency work included 3 first-level indicators, 11 second-level indicators and 68 third-level indicators. The weights of the first-level indicators are respectively health emergency literacy (0.517 4), professional literacy (0.336 1) and personal literacy (0.146 6). Conclusion Good health emergency literacy is the basis for public health personnel to respond to public health emergencies. The weight of each index in this index system is determined by Delphi method and analytic hierarchy process, and the results are scientific and reliable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To analyze the clinical features and mechanism of reversible splenial lesion syndrome (RESLES) in adults. Methods and Results Twenty - three patients with reversible splenial lesion syndrome diagnosed and treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from January 2017 to May 2019 were included. The clinical manifestations were headache, dizziness, fever, convulsions, disturbance of consciousness, all 23 patients in this group had decreased serum albumin levels. The common feature of head MRI was a reversible isolated lesion of the corpus callosum, which was round -shaped with clear borders, with high signal on T2WI, low signal on T1WI, high signal on DWI, and low signal on ADC, and the lesions gradually or completely disappeared on the 14th day of onset. Conclusions The etiology and clinical manifestations of reversible splenial lesion syndrome are complicated. MRI usually presents a reversible round - shaped lesion in the corpus callosum. Imaging lesions usually disappear earlier than clinical symptoms. The decrease of serum albumin level may be a risk factor for cytotoxic edema. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The acquisition of decisions with some extent reliability is one of important aids in airborne radar fault diagnosis. The β upper approximation reduction is firstly introduced, moreover β upper approximation discernibility sets and discernibility matrix are defined and the acquirement approach of β upper approximation reduction is given. Secondly, the rule fusion method is offered to sufficiently mine the attribute-value information and the decision-making rules with reliability cover all values of the attributes are obtained, which efficiently solve the rule fusion problem in the condition of the very different number among all fault kinds. Finally, taking a test of an airborne radar as an example, this paper cuts test parameter based on β upper approximation reduction and applies the rule fusion method to obtain the airborne radar fault diagnosis rules which cover all values of the attributes. Results show that the methods in this paper are visually effective and easy calculation, which offer a new though and approach for airborne radar fault diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extracting the center of a light stripe is one of the key techniques of the linear structured light for three-dimensional (3D) visual measurement. According to the influence of the accuracy in extracting the light stripe centers, the four key factors, which are the work environment, laser planes, measured ob-jects and image acquisition systems, are summed up and analyzed. On the basis of the diiferences be-tween the use of the image information and the characteristics of the calculated algorithms in the extraction methods, a new idea is proposed that they are classified into two diiferent methods, which are the geomet-rical center method and the energy center method. Based on the diiferences between the two methods in algorithm thoughts, merits and demerits, ways of improvement, applicable conditions, they are subcl--si-fied, compared, analyzed and summarized. At last, with the developing features of the two methods com-bined, it proposes the development trend of the light stripe extraction method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the high-frequency data of CSI 300 stock index and stock index futures, using information share model, this study examines the intraday price discovery effects of index futures and its influencing factors. The empirical results show that the price discovery effects of CSI 300 index futures market increase during the releasing of macroeconomic announcements, which may be derived from different trading mechanisms, different trader constitution and the index formation methods. In addition, the profits of industrial enterprises and the trade surplus play significant roles on the price discovery, while the CPI and other price information is not significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Before the building of ACD-GRACH model to research the high frequency volatility, it adjusted the yield by duration to equal the distance of data. It added micro-structural variables to build the ACD-GARCH-M models and analyze the relationship among duration, volume, yield and volatility. The results reveal that long duration results from the lack of information, and there are insignificant impacts on yield from duration; negative relationship between duration and price volatility; and positive relationship between volume and price volatility. ACD-GARCH-M model which contains explanatory variables demonstrate less GARCH effects implies that it could describe the volatility clustering of high frequency data better, and duration and volume can explain the volatility clustering to a large extent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To study the integrated management of jamming resources in advanced airborne multi-beam jamming systems, the model of threat assessment is built by means of multiple attribute decision making and the model of jamming task request is set. According to the jamming resources constraints, radar targets classification are achieved. When the jamming task request is beyond the jamming beams, the C-means algorithm to integrate the jamming tasks is used. The algorithm of jamming resources distribution in multi-beam jamming systems is proposed. Target classification and task integration can optimize the use of jamming resources and improve the standard of intelligence in multi-beam jamming systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antibiotic contamination in drinking water has attracted widespread attention. The pollution condition of six macrolide antibiotics (erythromycin-H 2 [KG-*2/5]O, clarithromycin, oleandomycin, roxithromycin, leucomycin, and tylosin) in two drinking water treatment plants was monitored, and the reaction mechanism of tylosin, a typical macrolide antibiotic, during chlorination disinfection treatment was investigated. The results showed that the six macrolide antibiotics can be widely detected in the drinking water treatment processes; however, their concentrations were generally very low. The concentrations of macrolide antibiotics in the influents and effluents ranged from 0.18 ng·L -1 to 3.97 ng·L -1 and 0.02 ng·L -1 to 1.91 ng·L -1 , respectively. The removal rates of the six macrolides in the drinking water treatment were different, ranging from 18% (oleandomycin) to 100% (erythromycin- H 2 [KG-*2/5]O). The degradation of the six macrolides during chlorination was slow and greatly affected by water quality parameters. The chlorination degradation of tylosin followed the second-order reaction kinetic mode, with the kinetic rate constant of 0.77 L·(mol·s) -1 at pH 7.0. Nine chlorination degradation products of tylosin were detected, and the reaction pathways primarily included tertiary amine hydroxylation, aromatic oxidation, and epoxy addition.

Objectives: To investigate the distribution of body mass index (BMI) and risk factors for obesity in children with Diamond-Blackfan Anemia (DBA)., Methods: The children with DBA who attended National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, from January 2003 to December 2020 were enrolled as subjects. The related clinical data and treatment regimens were recorded. The height and weight data measured within 1 week before or after follow-up time points were collected to calculate BMI. The risk factors for obesity were determined by multivariate regression analysis in children with DBA., Results: A total of 129 children with DBA were enrolled, among whom there were 80 boys (62.0%) and 49 girls (38.0%), with a median age of 49 months (range 3-189 months). The prevalence rate of obesity was 14.7% (19/129). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the absence of ribosomal protein gene mutation was closely associated with obesity in children with DBA (adjusted OR =3.63, 95% CI : 1.16-11.38, adjusted P =0.027). In children with glucocorticoid-dependent DBA, obesity was not associated with age of initiation of glucocorticoid therapy, duration of glucocorticoid therapy, and maintenance dose of glucocorticoids ( P >0.05)., Conclusions: There is a high prevalence rate of obesity in children with DBA, and the absence of ribosomal protein gene mutation is closely associated with obesity in children with DBA.

Purpose: To explore the efficiency of posterior teeth extrusion with clear aligners by 3-dimensional model superimposition, which provides a reference for the design of clinical programs., Methods: We selected 24 patients with clear aligners whose posterior teeth were designed to extend more than 0.5 mm, and a total of 126 teeth were included. Digital models were obtained before and after treatment by intraoral scanning with iTero, named as "actual initial" and "achieved" digital models. Initial and final models from the ClinCheck, labeled as "virtual initial" and "predicted" models respectively. Initial, predicted, and achieved digital dental models were exported as stereolithography files and subsequently imported into Geomagic Studio. Extrusive measurements were made from the superimposition of the initial and predicted models (predicted movement) and from the superimposed initial and achieved models (achieved movement). Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 23.0 and GraphPad Prism 5.0 software package. The extrusion efficiency of the posterior teeth was calculated, at the meanwhile the influencing factors were analyzed., Results: The mean extrusion efficiency of posterior teeth during clear aligners treatment was 30.2%. The actual extrusion was linearly related to the expected(P<0.05), and the linear regression equation was y=0.305x-0.010. The difference between the actual and the predicted extrusion was positively correlated with the number of appliances(P<0.05), and also positively correlated with the predicted extrusion value(P<0.001). This difference was larger in low-angle patients than in patients with average angle (P<0.05)., Conclusions: The extrusion rate of posterior teeth is relatively low during clear aligners treatment, and the average efficiency is 30.2%. Vertical growth pattern affects the extrusion efficiency. So more overcorrections can be designed for average angle patients.

Increasing studies have provided cognitive and neuron evidence for not only the similarities, but also the differences between physical pain and social pain in the brain basis. Comparing the similarities and differences of the brain basis of physical pain and social pain helps us to clarify the mechanism of the occurrence and change of pain, and provide theoretical evidence for clinical pain treatment. In this review, we summarized studies to delineate the brain mechanisms of physical pain and social pain. Through the review of existing studies, we found that both physical pain and social pain can invoke the same brain regions that process emotional experience (the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, anterior insula), emotion regulation (lateral prefrontal cortex) and somatosensory (the posterior insula, secondary sensory cortex). However, the voxel-level activated patterns of physical and social pain differ in the same brain region (dorsal anterior cingulate gyrus, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, etc.), and the overlapping brain regions (for example, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex) have varied effect on these two types of pain. In addition, studies have shown that the brain activation pattern for social pain may be influenced by the experimental paradigm. Future studies should actively adopt a data-driven way to examine the brain basis of physical pain and social pain, especially the nerve activation mode, aiming to consummate the theory of pain.

The pollution source identification methods based on traditional water quality monitoring and pollutant discharge loading typically require a high frequency of monitoring and generate a level of uncertainty in the identification results, owing to their limitations on the accurate and quantitative assessment of pollution source identification, migration, and transformation. This study combined multivariate statistical analysis and stable isotope technology to identify groundwater pollution sources in a typical multiple land-use area of the Chengdu Plain. A positive matrix factorization (PMF) model was adopted to reduce the interference of mass environmental factors on source identification and to determine the main factors influencing groundwater quality. Subsequently, a Bayesian stable isotope mixing model was developed to quantify the apportionment of each pollution source to groundwater nitrate (NO 3 - ) with the consideration of hydro-chemical and land-use information. The results showed that the concentrations of NO 3 - , NO 2 - , NH 4 + , Mn, Fe, SO 4 2- , and Cl - in groundwater of the study area exceeded the standard to different extents, presenting spatial variation. The main form of inorganic nitrogen in groundwater was NO 3 - . In general, concentrations of groundwater NO 3 - were the highest in vegetable fields (9.29 mg·L -1 on average), followed by livestock and poultry breeding farms (7.66 mg·L -1 ) and arable land (7.09 mg·L -1 ), whereas concentrations of groundwater NO 3 - in industrial areas were the lowest (2.20 mg·L -1 ). Groundwater quality in the study area was affected by geological processes, agricultural activities, hydrogeochemical evolution, and domestic and industrial discharges. Agricultural activities were the main contributor to the increase in groundwater NO 3 - in the study area. Chemical fertilizer (32%) and soil nitrogen (25%) contributed greatly to groundwater NO 3 - in agricultural areas, whereas sewage (28%) and atmospheric precipitation (27%) contributed most groundwater NO 3 - in industrial areas. Thus, the combination of multivariate statistical analysis and stable isotope technology could identify groundwater pollution sources and their apportionment effectively, providing scientific support for the prevention and control of groundwater pollution.

Objective: To investigate the down-regulation of ANRIL (Antisense non-coding RNA in the INK4 Locus) effects on proliferation and apoptosis of Kasumi-1 cells and its related molecular mechanism., Methods: Recombinant lentivirus was used to construct ANRIL down-regulation Kasumi-1 cells (sh-ANRIL group) and its control cells (sh-NC group). A fluorescence microscope was used to observe the transfection efficiency, RT-qPCR was used to detect knockdown efficiency and ANRIL expression in PBMCs and MBMCs of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Proliferation and apoptosis of Kasumi-1 cells were assayed by CCK-8 method and flow cytometry. Western blot was employed to detect the expression of PI3K, AKT, p-AKT, and relevant protein after down-regulation of ANRIL in Kasumi-1 cells., Results: ANRIL overexpressed significantly in PBMCs and MBMCs of patients with AML, the transfection efficiency of recombinant lentivirus carrying sh-ANRIL and sh-NC on Kasumi-1 cells exceeded 90%, and the knockdown efficiency was 70%. When DNR was administrated for 24, 48, and 72 hours, the cell inhibition rate of the sh-ANRIL group was (47.40±1.49)%, (69.11±0.51)% and (91.82±1.10)%, which were significantly higher than those of the sh-NC group, respectively (P<0.05). The apoptotic rate in the sh-ANRIL group was (10.29±0.58)%, which was significantly higher than (5.42±0.67)% of the sh-NC group (P<0.01). After DNR treatment for 24 hours, the apoptotic rate of the sh-ANRIL group was (54.41±1.69)%, which was significantly higher than (38.28±1.42)% of sh-NC group (P<0.001). Western blot revealed that the protein levels of PI3K, p-AKT, PCNA, and BCL-2 in the sh-ANRIL group were reduced significantly than those in the sh-NC group, while the BAX protein expression increased., Conclusion: ANRIL may affect the proliferation and apoptosis of Kasumi-1 cells through PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. ANRIL is a potential therapeutic target for AML.

Objective: To analyze the change of serum C1q in the course of multiple myeloma (MM) and its correlation with clinical characteristics., Methods: A total of 138 newly diagnosed MM patients in Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University from June 2016 to December 2019 were selected as research objects, during the same period 50 age-matched anemia patients, 50 lymphoma patients, 50 leukemia patients, and 50 myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients were selected as control groups. All the patients met WHO disease classification, and were definitely diagnosed by pathology or bone marrow smear/biopsy. The changes of C1q between MM patients and control group, as well as in different therapeutic responses of MM patients before and after treatment were compared, also the difference of clinical characteristics among MM patients with different C1q level, so as to analyze risk factors which led to C1q decline., Results: The average value of C1q in MM patients was (128.18±51.24) mg/L, which was significantly lower than control group (P<0.01). The levels of white blood cell, platelet (PLT), hemoglobin (Hb), serum calcium, albumin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in newly diagnosed high C1q group were significantly higher than those in low C1q group (P<0.05). Logistic analysis showed that the levels of PLT, Hb, albumin, and LDH in newly diagnosed high C1q group were higher than those in low C1q group (r=0.248, r=0.394, r=0.405, r=0.295). After treatment, the levels of C1q in MM patients with complete remission and very good partial remission were significantly higher than before treatment (P<0.05), while those with partial remission and stable disease also increased but not significantly (P>0.05)., Conclusion: The C1q level in MM patients is significantly lower than that in patients with other hematologic system diseases, and it increases with the remission of the disease after treatment.

Currently available drugs for complex diseases have such limitations as unsatisfactory efficacy, drug resistance, and toxic side effects. Complexity of biological systems is a determinant of drug efficacy. It is not an effective approach to find disturbance strategies for the complicated biological network for complex diseases based on the static topological structures, as biological systems undergo dynamic changes all the time. Supported by profound theoretical basis and rich clinical experience, traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) emphasizes systematic and dynamic treatment depending on changes. Guided by TCM theory in practical treatment, Chinese medicine dynamically and comprehensively regulates the overall state. Therefore, if the dynamic factors are taken into consideration in design, the resultant drugs will be more effective. This study proposes state-regulating(SR) medicine from the perspective of system dynamics, elaborating the concept in terms of the connotations and principle and verifying the feasibility of SR medicine design with the attractor method. Thus, SR medicine is a new concept for drug discovery and design from the aspect of system dynamics, which integrates the TCM focusing on holistic dynamic regulation with biomedicine that features local microscopic research such as molecular mechanisms. The attractor method is a feasible techinical way for SR medicine design.

Objective: To explore the clinical efficacy and safety of unrelated umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT) in the treatment of Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML)., Methods: The clinical data of 5 children with JMML who were treated with unrelated UCBT from October 2011 to July 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. The age of onset for the five children (male) ranged from 0.4 to 5.0 years old, with a median age of 1.5 years old. All the patients received myeloablative conditioning regimen without ATG to whom cyclosporine A (CsA) with short-term mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) was given for GVHD prophylaxis., Results: Four children acquired engraftment. One patient received secondary haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation because of the failure in the first unrelated UCBT. Grade Ⅲ to Ⅳ aGVHD occurred in 2 cases and was controlled, and none of the patients developed cGVHD. Three cases achieved long-time disease free survival，and no patient relapsed., Conclusion: UCBT is an effective treatment for children with JMML.

Based on the potential and the law that plants absorb carbon dioxide, carbon sink industry means certain appropriate artificial intervention to obtain clean air, and to meet people's production and life demand for ecological environment industry. Carbon sink industry is considered as a breakthrough point and a new growth point for optimizing and upgrading of the original relatively balanced or stable agricultural industry-resources system. Among the ecosystem services in the de-farming regions, the rapid increase of the economic manifestation of carbon fixation and oxygen release function and the carbon sink potential, as well as the rise of carbon trading and carbon market both in domestic and international, have established a theoretical and practical basis for the deve-lopment of carbon industry. With the development of the carbon sink industry, improving the carbon sequestration output will become the core of the carbon sink industry. The producers or marketers will form the controlling of the carbon source, the development of the path for carbon storage increasing and re-layout of agricultural industry-resources structure, and thus bring new vitality to regional sustainable development in the de-farming regions. This indicates the emphasis for the future research and development, that is, allocating the agricultural industry-resources structure and their benign coupling mechanism after integrating the carbon sink industry.

In this study, microbial fuel cell coupled constructed wetland (CW-MFC) was constructed for azo dye reactive brilliant red X-3B degradation and electricity production. The effects of support matrix and cathode areas on the degradation of X-3B and the electricity production of CW-MFC were investigated in this work to improve the performance of CW-MFC. The highest decolorization efficiency was 92.70% and was obtained when the CW-MFC was constructed with support matrix S3 with particle size of 10 mm and porosity of 30%. Small particle size increased the microbial biomass of the bottom layer of CW-MFC, which would promote the decolorization of X-3B in the bottom layer. However, it may cause the lack of nutrition in electrode layer and the increase in resistance of mass transfer, which would lead to the decline of electricity production. The decolorization efficiency and the power density of CW-MFC increased concomitantly with the increase of cathode areas, and the CW-MFC got the highest decolorization efficiency of 99.41% when the cathode area was 594 cm 2 . The electricity production performance became stable when the cathode area continued to increase, while the decolorization efficiency declined. This may be attributed to that more electrons were transferred to the cathode to produce current instead of used in degradation of X-3B.

Objective: To investigate the role of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) in β2-glycoprotein 1/anti-β2-glycoprotein 1 (β2GP1/anti-β2GP1)-mediated tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) expression in mouse peritoneal macrophages., Methods: The peritoneal macrophages from BALB/c mice were treated with β2GP1/anti-β2GP1 complex, agonist of TLR2 (Pam3CSK4) and agonist of TLR4 [lipopolysaccharide (LPS)], inhibitor of TLR2 [monoclonal IgG to mouse TLR2 (anti-mTLR2-IgG)] and inhibitor of TLR4 (TAK-242) in vitro. The mRNA level of TNF-α in the peritoneal macrophages was tested by real-time quantitative PCR, the protein expression of TNF-α was detected by Western blotting and immunofluorescence cytochemistry, and the expression of TLR2 on the surface of the peritoneal macrophages was assessed by flow cytometry., Results: The mRNA and protein expression of TNF-α was significantly enhanced in mouse peritoneal macrophages treated with β2GP1/anti-β2GP1 complex, Pam3CSK4 and LPS. Anti-mTLR2-IgG could inhibit the effects of the above stimuli on TNF-α expression, but its effects were weaker than those of TAK-242. Meanwhile, the combination of anti-mTLR2-IgG and TAK-242 did not show much stronger inhibitory effects. Flow cytometry analysis showed that expression of TLR2 was enhanced by β2GP1/anti-β2GP1 complex, Pam3CSK4 and LPS in mouse peritoneal macrophages. However, anti-mTLR2-IgG, or TAK-242, or combination of both could not inhibit TLR2 expression in macrophages., Conclusion: Both TLR4 and TLR2 could increase the stimulating effect of β2GP1/anti-β2GP1 complex on the expression of TNF-α in mouse peritoneal macrophages.

Objective: To investigate the effect of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) on B cell activation in β2-glycoprotein I (β2GP1)-immunized mouse models., Methods: The healthy TLR4+/+ C3H/HeN mice and TLR4-/- C3H/HeJ mice were randomly divided into two groups: β2GP1 group and normal saline (NS) group. The mice were immunized with human β2GP1 or equal amount of NS. The primary immunization was done by subcutaneous multi-point injection. The booster immunization was performed by intraperitoneal injection and the last immunization by intravenous injection. The titer of anti-β2GP1 antibody in mouse sera was evaluated by indirect ELISA. HE staining was used to observe the changes of mouse germinal centers. The expression of CD40 ligand (CD40L) in the germinal centers was detected by immunohistochemistry. And the levels of co-stimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86 in the spleen were determined by flow cytometry., Results: The high titer of anti-β2GP1 antibody could be detected in mouse sera following immunization with β2GP1. And the titer of the antibody in TLR4+/+ C3H/HeN mice was higher than that in TLR4-/- C3H/HeJ mice. Compared with NS group, the CD40L, CD19+CD80+ cells and CD19+CD86+ cells in C3H/HeN and C3H/HeJ mice were significantly up-regulated by the treatment of β2GPI, and the cell numbers in the C3H/HeJ mice were lower than those in the C3H/HeN mice. The germinal centers in β2GP1-immunized mice were bigger and more than those in NS group, and the number of the germinal centers in TLR4+/+ C3H/HeN mice was more than that in TLR4-/- C3H/HeJ mice., Conclusion: TLR4 plays an important role in the process of B cell activation in β2GP1-immunized mouse models.

Objective: To explore the mechanism of beta2 glycoprotein I (β2GPI)-caused T helper cell subset differentiation and anti-β2GPI antibody (aβ2GPI Ab) production in mice., Methods: The healthy BALB/c mice were randomly divided into two groups: normal saline (NS) group and β2GPI group. The mice were immunized i.v. with either human β2GPI or equal amount of NS for a total of two or four times at 2-week intervals. The titer of aβ2GPI Ab in mice serum was evaluated by indirect ELISA. The expressions of GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3), interleukin 4 (IL-4), T-box expressed in T cells (T-bet), interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and Foxp3 mRNAs in mouse splenic cells were detected by real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR), and the percentage of GATA3+ or Foxp3+ cells in lymphocytes of mouse spleen was detected by flow cytometry., Results: The high titer (1:100,000) of aβ2GPI Ab was detected in mouse serum following the two times of immunization with β2GPI. The expressions of Th2 specific markers GATA3 and IL-4 mRNAs and the percentage of GATA3+ cells in lymphocytes were higher than those of NS treated group. After four times of immunization with β2GPI, the titer of aβ2GPI Ab in mouse serum was elevated to a higher level (>1:100,000). The expressions of GATA3, Th1 specific markers T-bet and IFN-γ, and regulatory T cell (Treg) specific marker Foxp3 mRNAs in mouse spleen cells, but no significant change was found in IL-4 mRNA expression. Furthermore, the percentage of GATA3+ cells in mouse spleen increased, while the percentage of Foxp3+ cells decreased., Conclusion: β2GPI immunization could induce Th2 cell bias polarization and Th1 cell and Treg suppression in mice, which might contribute to the production of aβ2GPI Ab.

Objective: To prepare a polyclonal antibody against human and murine β2 glycoprotein 1 (β2GP1) antigen with chemically synthesized β2GP1 peptides, and identify its specificity and pathogenicity., Methods: The peptides from the NH₂-terminal 35th-51th amino acids of β₂GP1 were synthesized by standard Fmoc assay, and then used to immunize New Zealand white rabbits after coupling with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). The polyclonal antibody in the rabbit sera was purified by protein G column. The titer and specificity of the polyclonal antibody were determined by ELISA and Western blot analysis. The total RNA was extracted and the protein lysates were collected from C3H/HeN mouse peritoneal macrophages treated with the above anti-β₂GP1 peptides antibody/β₂GP1 complexes in vitro. And the tissue factor (TF) mRNA and protein expression in the peritoneal macrophages were detected by real-time quantitative PCR and Western blotting. The activation of p38 and NF-κB p65 induced by anti-β₂GP1 peptides antibody/β₂GP1 complexes was determined by Western blotting using phosphor-specific antibodies. Experimental antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (EAPS) mouse model was established in C3H/HeN mice by intraperitoneal injection of anti-β₂GP1 peptides antibody in vivo. The titers of anti-β₂GP1 antibodies in the mouse peripheral blood and the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) were detected., Results: The purity of chemically synthesized β₂GP1 peptides was 94%, which met the immunogen standard. The titer of antiserum of the rabbit immunized with β₂GP1 peptide coupling with KLH was over 1:32 000. Western blotting showed that the anti-β₂GP1 peptides antibody could specifically recognize both human and mouse β₂GP1. Furthermore, ELISA showed that the antibody could specifically bind to β₂GP1 cryptic epitope. In vitro experiments demonstrated that the anti-β₂GP1 peptides antibody/β₂GP1 co mplexes could enhance p38 and NF-κB p65 phosphorylation in mouse peritoneal macrophages and induce TF mRNA and protein expression. Moreover, EAPS mouse model induced by anti-β₂GP1 peptide antibody was successfully established, in which the titers of anti-β₂GP1 antibody in mouse peripheral blood were greater than 1:3200 and APTT was significantly shorter that that of control group., Conclusion: The anti-β₂GP1 peptide antibody we prepared could specifically recognize both human and mouse β₂GP1 and specifically bind to β₂GP1 cryptic epitope. It was also proved to have the pathogenic effect.

In order to observe two kinds of greenhouse gases, CO2 and CH4, making the biggest contribution to global warming, a ground-based Fourier transform near-infrared spectral remote sensing system was developed to record the perpendicular incidence sun spectra from February 2012 to April 2013 in Hefei continuously. The measured total transmittances in the atmosphere were obtained from perpendicular incidence sun spectra. Methods of line-by-line and low-order polynomial approximation were used to model the total atmospheric transmittances in forward model. The measured transmittance spectra were fitted iteratively using the modeled transmittance spectra in the regions of CO2 6,150-6,270 and CH4 5,970-6,170 cm(-1) in order to obtain their column concentrations. The column-average dry-air mole fractions of CO2 and CH4 were obtained with the internal standard function of O2 column concentrations. CO2 and CH4 daily average values of column-average dry-air mole fractions changed with a larger fluctuation and obvious seasonal periodicity. Their monthly average values were consistent as a whole, although there were different characteristics. Compared with the results reported by Japanese greenhouse-gas satellite in the area of Waliguan, there was a time lag corresponding to peak and trough of CO2 content and the change from peak to trough costed a longtime. CHR content showed variation tendency of unique peak and trough, higher in summer and lower in winter, compared with average values of nationwide CH4 column concentrations based on SCIAMACHY data. The variation characteristics were related to complex factors such as the balance of source and sink, meteorological and climate conditions, and required long-term observation and further study.

Airborne fine particulate matter PM2.5 as one of composite core pollutants of air pollution is concerned and NO as one of the main components of water-soluble ions has an important impact on precipitation and human health, so searching a method of rapid and reliable detection is an important work. According to advantages of the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy technology, the infrared spectrum of NO3- in NH4NO3 was compared with PM2.5 by a sampling method of making film. The result shows that their spectra are consistent with each other. A range of infrared spectra of different masses of NO3- were measured and the absorbance was fitted with mass, correlation and mass range of which are 0.994 8 and 7.82-73.78 microg, respectively. According to the corresponding relationship of mass between solution and sample film, the FTIR of the sample film was measured directly and mass concentrations of NO3- in a month (between 2012-03-20 and 2012-04-20) of Hefei area are listed and the average is 4.1713 microg x m(-3).

The authors measured IR transmission spectra of two different concentrations of Bacillus subtilis spores by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) technology. The mass extinction cross section k of Bacillus subtilis spores was calculated according to Lambert-Beer law and the imaginary part n(i) of the complex refractive index was also calculated through k. The real part n(r) of the complex refractive index was derived from the KK (Kramers-Kronig) relationship and the experimental results were also analyzed and discussed with the study of measurement and analysis method of the complex refractive index on Bacillus subtilis spores, it is of great significance to further research the absorption and scattering characteristics, and to broaden the measurement and remote sensing technology method of the biological aerosols.

An ozone monitoring system was developed by the method of open path Fourier transform infrared (OP-FTIR) spectrometry based on our FTIR spectrometer. In order to improve measurement precision and detection limit, the quantitative analysis was completed to get ozone concentration by combining synthetic background spectrum method which uses information from HITRAN database and instrumental line shape, and nonlinear least squares (NLLSQ) method. The measurement methods for system detection limit were discussed and the result is 1.42 nmol x mol(-1) with sixteen times averages. The authors developed continuous monitoring experiments in the suburban area of Hefei. For the day and month measurement results, the authors analyzed their variations with the generation sources. The result has shown that this system is reliable and precise and can be used as a new device and method for national ozone monitoring.

Homocysteine is an intermediate metabolite of methionine metabolism. Hyperhomocysteinemia which is caused by abnormal homocysteine metabolism has been confirmed to be related to cardio-cerebrovascular disease, peripheral vascular disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome, liver cirrhosis, chronic kidney disease. In this paper, we first briefly introduced hyperhomocysteinemia and its pathogenesis, then summarized the treatment advances of hyperhomocysteinemia using folic acid, vitamin B6, B12, betaine, atorvastatin, isoflavones, taurine and some Chinese traditional medicine. Finally, the potential problems of the various treatment methods were analyzed.

The stratosphere ozone plays the protective action role for human and the ground-level ozone is harmful to human health. Monitoring ozone with different ways and methods took an active part in understanding distribution and transformation of ozone, which was useful to controlling pollution emission. Spectra were got by multi-reflected white cell Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer, inversed with nonlinear least squares (NLLSQ) method and then the concentrations of ozone were got exactly. The correlations of measured ozone concentration time series by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, open path UV differential optical absorption spectrometer and ozone analyzer of the Thermo Corporation were significant. The results showed that the measured ozone absolute concentrations with different monitoring methods and instruments had some differences, but the concentration diurnal variations were coincident and the correlations were good. Therefore, ozone concentration inversion method, based on multi-reflected cell Fourier transform infrared spectrum and not reported in domestic articles, could be used as an effective technique to measure ozone concentration.

The spectral line widths of theory and experiment are analyzed with different temperatures; the line strengths under room temperature in HITRAN database are corrected to measured temperature, and then synthetic spectra are calculated. With the nonlinear least squares fit between measured spectra and calibration spectra, standard gas concentrations of CO at different temperatures are obtained. The inversion concentration error of this algorithm at room temperature is less than 5% with high precision. But with the temperature increasing, the concentration error will increase gradually. At the same time, there is the same apparent structure to component CO in the residual spectrum. Also, with higher temperature, the structure is more obvious and can not be removed by increasing the number of fitting. Comparing experimental results and theoretical analysis, the temperature correction methods of calibration spectra, which are not suitable for high temperature gas, are the main reason for inversion error at higher temperature. These results have important significance for further research on accurately correcting parameters and how to inverse the high temperature gas concentrations more accurately.