Search

Water-soluble dietary fiber was extracted from ten kinds of cereal bran, such as rice fragrance rice bran, long grain fragrant rice bran, indica rice bran, millet rice bran, wheat bran thick bran, wheat bran thin bran, oat bran, sweet buckwheat skin powder, tartary buckwheat skin powder, millet skin powder. The physicochemical characteristics, functional characteristics and molecular structure of these SDF samples were studied. SDF from tartary buckwheat skin powder had the strongest water holding capacity. SDF from millet skin powder had the strongest oil holding capacity. SDF from wheat bran thin bran showeds the strongest water expansion. SDF from rice fragrance rice bran, long grain fragrant rice bran, millet rice bran and sweet buckwheat skin powder did not have water absorption expansion ability. The glucose binding abilities of ten kinds of SDF were between 56.95~432.83 mg/g. The cholesterol adsorption capacity of SDF from Grain bran was significantly different in the range of 0.41~66.21 mol/g. The antioxidant ability of ABTS and DPPH for SDF from wheat bran was the highest, and the antioxidant ability of hydroxyl for SDF of millet rice bran was the highest. The total antioxidant capacity of the ten kinds of SDF was significantly varied with the range of 2.00~5.59 μmol/g. SEM results showed some uneven surface with granular and smooth with porous structure, and Fourier infrared absorption spectrum results show different weak peaks. In conclusion, there were obvious differences in the molecular structure, physical and functional properties of SDF from different sources, and SDF with different structural and functional properties can be selected according to the specific utilizations.

ObjectiveTo explore the influencing factors of willingness to quit smoking in smokers， and to provide reference for further smoking cessation intervention.MethodsThrough purposive sampling， smokers were recruited from 4 residential communities and 3 companies in Shanghai for an online questionnaire survey. The survey included general demographic characteristics， willingness to quit smoking， smoking condition， tobacco addiction， awareness of influence of smoking， smoking abstinence self-efficacy， and smoking rationalization belief. T-test， χ2 test and multiple logistic regression were used to analyze the data.ResultsA total of 336 valid questionnaires were collected. The average age of the smokers was （37.1±10.2） years， and most of their education level was college or above （58.3%）. The daily number of cigarette use was （11.46±7.22） and most of smokers were classified as low nicotine dependence （58.3%）. Today 248 smokers planned to quit smoking in the next six months. Compared with smokers with low smoking abstinence self-efficacy， smokers with high self-efficacy were more likely to quit smoking （OR=2.406，95%CI： 1.357‒4.267）； Smokers with low smoking rationalization belief were more likely to quit smoking than those with high rationalization belief （OR=2.112， 95%CI： 1.167‒3.821）.ConclusionSmoking abstinence self-efficacy has a positive impact on willingness to quit smoking， while smoking rationalization belief has a negative impact on the willingness to quit smoking. Efforts to improve smoking abstinence self-efficacy and dispel smoking rationalization beliefs of smokers should be made to promote the intention to quit among smokers.

Objective To investigate the expression of CK2α' in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues and its prognosis value. Methods Tissue microarray was made from tumor and adjacent normal tissues of 83 patients with HCC. Immunohistochemical was used to stain the microarray for semi-quantitative analysis, and the expression of CK2α' in HCC tissues and adjacent normal tissues was compared. The associations between CK2α' expression and clinicopathologic features of HCC patients were analyzed with χ2 text. The prognostic value of CK2α' was estimated using Kaplan-Meier approach. Results The average positive expression rate of CK2α' was 47.8% in HCC and 65.4% in adjacent normal tissues. The positive expression rate of CK2α' in HCC tissues was lower than that in adjacent normal tissues (P < 0.01). The expression level of CK2α' in the cancer tissues of 74.7% cases was significantly lower than that in the adjacent tissues. HCC patients with low CK2α' expression had higher risk of recurrence and shorter overall survival time (P < 0.05). The expression of CK2α' was significantly correlated with CK19 (P < 0.05). Conclusion CK2α' is down-regulated in HCC tissues and correlated with the prognosis of patients. It could be a potential prognostic marker for HCC.

[Objectives] To clarify the impact of different grassland types on the diversity of grasshopper communities in the Sunan grassland area, improving the sustainable development of the grassland ecosystem in Sunan County. [Methods] In this experiment, four species of alpine meadows, lowland meadows, temperate deserts and temperate grasslands in Sunan County were collected by net catching from 2020 to 2021. The grasshopper community structure of grassland was investigated and studied, and the statistical analysis of locust characteristic index, population similarity and indicator species of different grassland types was carried out. [Results] 1 054 locust specimens were captured in the experiment, belonging to 5 families, 13 genera and 23 species. Among them, there were 4 dominant species, namely Angaracris barabensis (13.09%) and Angaracris rhodopa (28.18%). Euchorthippus cheui (11.95%) and Chorthippus fallax (10.34%). Otherwise there are 10 common species and 9 rare species. The richness index of the locust is significantly higher on lowland meadow than the other plots. The dominance index from high to low is Temperate steppe, lowland meadow, temperate desert and alpine meadow, while the order of diversity index from high to low is temperate steppe, lowland meadow, temperate desert and alpine meadow. What more,the evenness index of temperate desert is the highest. Oedaleus asiaticus is the indicator species with 70.67% value on temperate steppe, while Myrmeleotettix palpalis is indicator species with 71.64% on temperate desert. Also the similarity of grasshopper communities on different grassland types was compared, and the results showed that the grasshopper communities in warm grassland, alpine meadow, warm desert and lowland meadow were moderately dissimilar to each other. [Conclusion] The composition, diversity and indicator species of grasshopper communities are different among different grassland types. Vegetation change and altitude difference are important factors affecting their distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A nutritional slow-release packing material with function microorganisms (SC) was prepared using emulsification and the cross-linked method. Its potential as packing material in biotrickling filters (BTF) for butyl acetate removal was evaluated. The physicochemical properties show that the packing has a porosity of 92.6%, bulk density of 40.75 kg·m -3 , surface area of 2.45 m 2 ·g -1 , and real density of 551.52 kg·m -3 . The packing material contains hydrophilic groups (O-H, C O) on its surface and nutrient elements (N, P), which are distributed uniformly, with release rates of 22.35 and 8.36 mg·(L·d) -1 , respectively. The biomass concentration of the packing (protein/packing) is 14.61 mg·g -1 . After storage for 7 and 30 d, the microorganisms fixed on the packing material could still remove more than 96% of butyl acetate. The BTF using SC as packings reach stable performance within a short time (8 d) and the removal efficiency is maintained at 94% unless there nutrition is supplied or the pH is adjusted. The BTF with polyurethane as packing material need a longer time to start up and the removal efficiency decreases to 80% under the same operating conditions. High-throughput sequencing analysis shows that the fixed degrading stains are dominant during the whole operation and the microbial structure is more stable, which could sustain the stable removal of butyl acetate in BTF using SC.

A pilot biotrickling filter (BTF) was set up for removal of a mixed waste gas containing toluene and ethanol. The packing material was composed of polyhedral sphere and polyhedral hollow column previously designed by our group. The results showed this BTF could successfully start up within only 8 d and the average eliminate capacities for toluene and ethanol were 97.14 and 113.10 g · (m³ · h)⁻¹, respectively. Empty bed residence time (EBRT) and the inlet concentration had effects on the removal of toluene. The maximum elimination capacity of toluene and ethanol was 123.34 and 206.36 g (m³ · h)⁻¹ under EBRT of 21.11 s, respectively. However, the effect of spray liquid density was not obvious, and the optimal value of solution and gas ratio was 6.82 L · m⁻³. The influence of unstable processing condition on its performance was also investigated. NaOH solution could effectively reduce the plugging of the filler layer, and the removal capability of pollutant could be recovered within 3 days. After the running was stopped for 10 d, the removal performance of this BTF could be quickly recovered.

Packing is the support medium for microbial adhesion and water retention, and its characteristics are directly related to the removal of pollutants. In the present study, three novel biotrickling packings were developed: polyhedral sphere, burr sphere and polyhedral hollow column. The results showed that the structural characteristics of polyhedral sphere and polyhedral hollow column, with the specific surface area of 200 m2 x m(-3), were better than those of traditional biotrickling packings. The resistance coefficient zeta of polyhedral sphere was almost identical before and after the biofilm formation. Under the same condition, zeta of burr sphere increased much more. Investigations on the start-up time showed that the polyhedral hollow columns could contribute more to the quick biofilm formation. The performance of BTF which was packed with polyhedral sphere was better than the others. When the inlet concentrations of toluene and ethanol were 687.37 and 651.17 mg x m(-3), the removal efficiencies achieved 76.78% and 99.23%, respectively. Biomass measurements showed that the biomass adhering on these packings were more than that on the common polypropylene Bauer ring. Biofilm could be renewed and removed easily from the polyhedral sphere and the pressure drop could maintain at 51.6 Pa x m(-1) at the later stable running phase. However, the pressure drop in the BTF which used burr sphere as the packings increased much more (193.3 Pa x m(-1)), thus causing a clogging phenomenon.

A biofilter (BF) packed with nutrition slow-release material and a biotrickling filter (BTF) packed with ether-based polyurethane foam were set up to remove dichloromethane (DCM) from exhaust gas. Results showed that the biofilm formations in BTF and BF were completed by using the mixture of a special strain and a bacterial community, within 25d and 22d, respectively. Through the observation of the filter surface by SEM, the surface of packings in BF was loose with thin biofilm colonies, whereas the one in BTF was dense with thick biofilm. Under the condition of inlet DCM concentration of 100-1,500 mg x m(-3), EBRT of 25-85 s, the removal efficiency of DCM in BTF was better than that in BF, and the maximum removal load was 22.61 g x (m3 x h)(-1) and 29.05 g (m3 x h)(-1), respectively. The relationship between CO2 production and DCM removal was approximately linear, with the mineralization rate being 70.4% and 66.8% for BTF and BF, respectively. The dynamic behaviors of DCM in BTF and BF were described by the Michaelis-Menten model. Through the calculation, the unit volume maximum degradation rate r(max) was 22.7790 g x (m3 x h)(-1) and 28.5714 g x (m3 x h)(-1), while the gas phase saturation constant Ks was 0.1412 g x m(-3) and 0.1486 g x m(-3)

Objective: To explore the efficacy on knee osteoarthritis (KOA) treated with different acupuncture methods at different stages., Methods: One hundred and eighty cases of KOA were divided into stagnation stage, fascia cramp stage and tendon lesion stage according to the condition of disease, 60 cases in each stage. Each stage was randomized into a staging treatment group and an electroacupuncture (EA) group, 30 cases in each one. In the staging treatment group, acupuncture at the tendon points of meridians and electric thermal needling method were adopted for the cases at the stagnation stage; the small needle-knife therapy and bleeding method were used for the cases at the fascia cramp stage; and the electric thermal therapy with thick silver needles was applied for the cases at the tendon lesion stage. In the EA group, EA was applied for the cases of all the three stages at Liangqiu (ST 34), Xuehai (SP 10), Yanglingquan (GB 34), etc., Results: The total effective rate was 96.1% (87/90) in the staging treatment group and was 91.1% (82/90) in the EA group, without significant difference in comparison (P > 0.05). The controlled and remarkably effective rate (88.9%, 80/90) in the staging treatment group was higher apparently than (62.2%, 56/90) in the EA group (P < 0.001). And in the EA group, with the disease progression and the further disease stages, the controlled and remarkably effective rate was reduced. After treatment, the scores of symptoms and signs were decreased in both groups (both P < 0.001), the improvement in the staging treatment group was superior to that in the EA group (P < 0.001)., Conclusion: The different acupuncture methods at the three stages improve obviously the clinical effect and are highly targeted. The mechanism of the three stages on "meridian muscle region pathology" and the treatment based on the disease stages can be the effective approach to KOA.

FTIR spectra from 16 kinds of Camellia Sect. Chrysantha by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) method combined with the system clustering and correlation coefficient method were used to analyze and compare these spectral data. The results, show that: Camellia Sect. Chrysantha of 16 kinds were divided into three groups, the first kind was: C. longzhouensis etc, in all eleven kinds; The second kind was: C. achrysantha, C. limonia, C. pingguoensis and C. chuongtsoensis; The third kind was C. microcarpa, which for a class alone. According to the difference in related anatomy and morphology, this study supported that C. longgangensis and C. ptilosperma should be incorporated into one kind; C. multipetala, C. longgangensis, C. parvipetala, C. tunghinensis and C. limonia, C. achrysantha, C. microcarpa, C. nitidissima, C. terminali and C. pingguoensis should be divided into separate species. FTIR-cluster analysis can be used as a possible means for the identification of Camellia Sect. Chrysantha.

Objective: To investigate the function of nuclear factor (NF)-κB in the epithelial to mesenchymal transition induced by hypoxia in pancreatic cancer cells., Methods: For cultured pancreatic cancer cells (BxPC-3 and Panc-1) under hypoxic and normoxic conditions, the differences in the morphology were observed by optical microscope. The expression of markers of epithelial and mesenchymal phenotypes, E-cadherin, vimentin and N-cadherin, were determined by Western blot. NF-κB P65 activity was measured by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Invasion and gemcitabine resistance of pancreatic cancer cells were evaluated in matrigel invasion assay and cell counting kit-8 assay. Both molecular and pharmacologic means of inhibiting NF-κB P65 were used in these hypoxic cells and then the above resulting phenotypes were compared with those of the control-treated cells., Results: After cultured pancreatic cancer cells under hypoxic conditions for 48 h, normoxic cells exhibited a polygonal shape and formed tight clusters of cells, whereas hypoxic cells took on an elongated, fibroblastoid morphology associated with a more highly invasive character and resistance to gemcitabine; hypoxic cells exhibited an suppression of E-cadherin and increase in vimentin and N-cadherin expression. NF-κB P65 activity was elevated in hypoxic cells. On the contrary, on molecular or pharmacologic inhibition of NF-κB P65, hypoxic cells regained expression of E-cadherin, lost expression of N-cadherin, and reversed their highly invasive and drug resistant phenotype., Conclusions: Pancreatic cancer cells underwent epithelial to mesenchymal transition exposed to hypoxia, exhibited highly invasive and drug resistant phenotype. Inhibition of NF-κB P65 under hypoxic conditions, pancreatic cancer cells regained expression of E-cadherin, lost expression of N-cadherin, and reversed their highly invasive and drug resistant phenotype.

Methylibium petroleiphilum PM1, which is capable of degrading methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) , was immobilized in calcium alginate gel beads. Several methods were explored to increase the strength of these gel beads. The central composite design analysis indicated that the introduction of 0.2 mol x L(-1) Ca2+ into the crosslinking solution, 1.38 mmol x L(-1) Ca2+ into the growth medium and 0.1% polyethyleneimine (PEI) as the chemical crosslinking agent could increase the stability of the Ca-alginate gel beads with no loss of biodegradation activity. The stabilized immobilized cells could be used 400 h continuously with no breakage and no bioactivity loss. Examination of scanning electron microscope demonstrated that a membrane surrounding the gel beads was formed and the cells could grow and breed well in the stabilized calcium alginate gel beads. Kinetic analysis of the gel bead-degradation indicated that the rate-limiting step was biochemical process instead of intraparticle diffusion process. The diameter of 3 mm affected the biodegradability less while high concentration of PEI induced much more serious mass transfer restraint.

Purification of chlorobenzene by ultraviolet-biotrickling filter (UV-BTF) was studied in this paper. The light source and the biofilm carrier were an ozone producing lamp with a maximum emission (> 99%) at 185nm and the ether-based polyurethane foam (PU-foam), respectively. When the residence time were 92, 69 and 46s, with the chlorobenzene concentration of 600 mg x m(-3), the average removal efficiencies were 99%, 95% and 80%, respectively while the maximum removal load was 59.6 g x (m3 x h)(-1). The biofilm formed in the UV-BTF was 20 d, shorter than that of the sole BTF (27 d). Compared with the sole BTF, the UV-BTF had strong resistance to load shock. When the residence time was shortened to 30s, the removal efficiency of UV-BTF achieved over 75%, higher than that of sole BTF (25%). Considering the mechanism of the UV-BTF process, the UV converted the chlorobenzene into more soluble and biodegradable intermediates, thus the removal load by BTF decreased. Meanwhile, the ozone produced during the UV photolysis could control the microorganism growth in the BTF, keeping the whole system in optimal operation.

Objective: To discuss the mechanical virtual reality when acupuncture on Jianliao (TE 14) so as to get perform perceptual knowledge of acupuncture for beginners through studying 3D reconstruction of surrounding tissues of this acupoint., Methods: Related tissues were segmented and reconstructed by establishing mathematics model based on the operational platform of VOXEL-MAN (vision reappearance); and mechanical model was constructed and fused with related data of virtual human (touch reappearance); data communication between the force feedback apparatus and the operational platform of virtual human were set up by interchanging vision reappearance module and touch reappearance module., Results: In Linux system, the operator could experience the mechanical changes while needle-tip passing various tissues of Jianliao (TE 14) as well as lifting and thrusting evenly in needling process through the force feedback apparatus., Conclusion: Based on the platform of VOXEL-MAN, the sensation of needling at jianliao (TE 14) could be reappeared idealy by strength feedback instrument, so that the beginners could imitate, learn and practice the virtual acupuncture.

One strain of imazethapyr degradable bacteria was isolated from the mixture of imazethapyr production factory's sludge and the soil that was contaminated with imazethapyr for a long time. The strain could degrade imazethapyr more than 90% within 72 h when it grew in 500 mg/L imazethapyr condition. When pH was 5, the bacteria could degrade all the imazethapyr of 500 mg/L in 72 h, but when pH was 8 and 9, only 50% imazethapyr was degraded which showed acid condition was more compatible than that of alkalescency for this bacteria growing. The higher degradation ratio at 25 degrees C and 30 degrees C was observed and the optimum condition for the bacteria to degrade imazethapyr was pH = 5 and 25 degrees C. Characterizing by physiological and biochemical properties as well as 16S rRNA sequence analysis, the strain is related and shared characteristics of the genus Alcaligenes sp.

This paper discusses the application of virtual reality technology in the 3-D visible human body and acupuncture research. Based on the 3-D visible human fused with the localization information and hierarchy of acupoints, the paper analyzes the force against the needle and haptic rendering during the needle manipulation according to the physical properties of different tissues. A haptic model is constructed to demonstrate the force behaviors during acupuncture, and the force will be produced and passed to the manipulator by a force feedback device. It enriches the contents of 3-D visible human project, provides a dynamic simulation instrument for acupuncture teaching, and supplies a platform for acupuncture research.

An expression vector expected to induce RNA interference against Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV), which expressed a composite hpRNA with the dsRNA stem homologous of BYDV GPV replicase gene and the antisense RNA loop homologous of coat protein gene, was designed without marker gene. The vector was transferred into callus cells from wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) immature embryos by particle bombardment. To select the positive transformants as early as possible, a rapid PCR, which does not need extract wheat DNA instead of few leaves, was used at regeneration stage of plantlets. Totally 21 plants proved to contain alien sequence. Antivirus test with high dose infected virus revealed that, 9 plants showed low level of resistance to BVDV, 6 plants showed moderate resistance and 6 plants showed high level of resistance. Interestingly, both low and moderate levels of resistance plants were no symptoms when infected by viruses at low dose. It suggests the dose- dependent effect of the resistance mediated by hpRNA to BYDV-GPV.

Objective: To discuss the problem difficult to be presented for nerves and blood vessels in the 3D reconstruction of acupoints through studying 3D reconstruction of Jianliao (TE 14)., Methods: Muscles and other tissues were segmented by applying cointeractive segmentation method based on chromatic characteristic space; the nerve and blood vessels can be reconstructed by establishing mathematics model, and the needle-inserting animation of Jianliao (TE 14) could be obtained by running script file., Results: During the course of 3D needle-inserting animation of Jianliao (TE 14), the spatial location between all kinds of tissues including the nerve and blood vessels and the needle body could be systematically observed., Conclusion: The difficulty of presenting the nerve and blood vessels in the study on 3D reconstruction of acupoints can be resolved by establishing mathematics model. The generation of 3D animation for acupoints with the nerve and blood vessels is benefit to acupuncture teaching and study on the essence of acupoints and channels.

RNA interference (RNAi) is a phenomenon that the double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) intermediates the degradation of complementary mRNA found in many organisms. This is a specifically mechanism involved in kinds of proteins to complete the interference function. Structure of siRNA affects which strand will be assembled into RISC. Another role of siRNA is directing RITS complex to bind with homologue chromosome, and then induces heterochromatinization. Although systemic silence induced by dsRNA is observed in Caenorhabditis elegans and plants, this progress is probably transmembrane protein-dependent, and mostly, the systemic silencing is controlled by multi-factors.