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In order to explore the effect of benzothiadiazole (BTH) treatment on amino acid accumulation, degradation and metabolism during the growth of grape fruits, ‘Chardonnay’ grape berries at veraison were sprayed with BTH at 50 mg/L and plucked once every 10 d from the next day (60 d after flowering) until maturity (110 d after flowering). The contents of glucose, fructose, sucrose, organic acids and amino acids, as well as enzyme activities related to amino acid degradation and metabolism and the resulting aroma products were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), an automatic amino acid analyzer and solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS). The results showed that glutamic acid, arginine and proline were the major amino acids in ‘Chardonnay’ grape. BTH treatment promoted the accumulation of amino acids, inhibited the production of glucose, fructose and sucrose, increased the contents of tartaric acid and citric acid, and reduced the content of malic acid in mature grapes. Moreover, BTH treatment inhibited the production of free branched aliphatic aroma compounds, and enhanced the activities of aminotransferase (AT), alcohol acyltransferase (AAT), and pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC). Meanwhile, it changed the correlation between total amino acids and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity, and the correlation between AT and AAT activity and monosaccharides and organic acids content, which in turn affected the production of aroma substances from amino acid metabolism. These results provide theoretical guidance and a practical basis for the application of BTH in controlling grape quality.

Recent studies found that the intestinal flora is involved in the occurrence and development of CRC. In particular, Ruminococcus shows a decreased abundance in patients with CRC and can affect gastrointestinal health through cross-feeding and promoting butyrate production. Although the research on Ruminococcus is gradually increasing, no unified understanding of its influence on the occurrence and development of CRC has been established. This work summarizes the relationship of Ruminococcus with CRC and its possible anticancer mechanism to provide a theoretical basis for the further exploration of biological prevention and treatment of CRC in the future.

In this work, a non-targeted metabolomic study was performed on the ultrafine whole pulp of Lactobacillus-fermented Chimonobambusa quadrangularis shoot using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS). Based on the variable importance in projection (VIP) > 1 and P < 0.05 in t-test, 361, 392 and 398 differential metabolites were selected in raw (control) versus Limosilactobacillus reuteri (LR) fermented samples, control versus Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) fermented samples, and control and LR + LP (LRP) fermented samples in the positive ion mode; and 268, 304 and 321 differential metabolites in the negative ion mode, respectively. The major differential metabolites were lipids and lipid-like compounds, organic acids and their derivatives, organic heterocyclic compounds, and benzenes including histamine, D-mannan, indole-3-lactic acid, DL-4-hydroxyphenyl lactate, ornithine, and proline. Four significant metabolic pathways were identified by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes metabolic pathway enrichment analysis, namely purine metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism and phenylalanine metabolism and citric acid cycle. This study provides theoretical support for the development of fermented bamboo shoot products.