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Copyright of CT Theory & Applications is the property of Editorial Department of CT Theory & Applications and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the common and fatal malignant tumors worldwide, and the burden of HCC is particularly severe in China. Physiologically, the blood supply to healthy liver is mainly from the portal vein, supplemented by the hepatic artery. While in the development of HCC, the main source of blood supply to HCC is changed from the portal vein to the hepatic artery. The characteristics of HCC vascularization are important for imaging, surgery, interventional therapy, targeted therapy, etc. Even in the future, with the development of radiation therapy technology, such as proton and heavy ion therapy and artificial intelligence technology, the dynamic changes in HCC blood perfusion can be used as a new biomarker of tumor activity to provide accurate information on the intensity modulation of radiotherapy, so that accurate measurements of HCC blood perfusion is of great significance in guiding the diagnosis and treatment of HCC. The technologies for measurement of HCC blood perfusion have developed from invasive techniques, such as inert gas scavenging, electromagnetic flowmeter, and radionuclide-labeled erythrocyte elution in the middle of the last century to the present non-invasive techniques of CT. With the development of CT imaging technology in the last 30 years, the CT-based imaging technology can assess the status of organ and tissue perfusion relatively easily and accurately. In this paper, the various CT measurement techniques of blood perfusion in HCC were categorized into three types: semi-quantitative technique, relative quantitative technique, and absolute quantitative technique. Their basic principle, scanning methods, and clinical applications were discussed to provide a reference for the diagnosis and treatment of HCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the chest computed tomography (CT) findings of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants in elderly patients with underlying diseases. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from 140 elderly patients with underlying diseases who were infected with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants. The patients were divided into a moderate group and a severe/critical group based on their clinical classifications. Clinical data, laboratory results, and chest CT data (including lesion distribution, morphology, image signs, and lung lobe score) were collected and analyzed for all patients. Results: Hypertension and hyperlipidemia were the most prevalent underlying diseases among elderly patients with the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2. Ground-glass density opacity was the main chest CT manifestation, typically presenting as a mixed distribution across multiple lung lobes. Common clinical symptoms include fever, cough, and sputum production. The proportion of patients with fever was significantly higher in the severe/critical group compared to the moderate group. Additionally, the lymphocyte count was higher in the moderate group compared to the severe/critical group, while the procalcitonin level was significantly higher in the severe/critical group. Pleural thickening was also more prevalent in the severe/critical group. The right inferior lobe score was the highest in both groups (2 (1,3) and 3 (2,4) for moderate and severe/critical groups, respectively), with the total score and individual lobe scores being significantly higher in the severe/critical group. Conclusions: Chest CT scans play a crucial role in classifying disease severity and evaluating disease progression in elderly patients with underlying diseases infected with the Omicron variant of the novel coronavirus. These findings can also guide clinical treatment decisions.

Objective To explore the imaging features, clinical outcome, and prognosis of indeterminate pulmonary nodules (IPN) in patients with high-grade soft tissue sarcoma. Methods A retrospective study of 82 patients with high-grade soft tissue sarcoma who have IPNs. The clinical characteristics, imaging features of IPN, and survival of patients were analyzed with statistical software. Results The IPN size of 82 patients was 6.453±0.864 mm. IPN diameter, shape, density, and nodule discovery interval may be CT imaging features related to malignancy tendency. Age (HR=1.047, 95%CI: 1.007-1.088) and interval between each nodule discovery (HR=3.194, 95%CI: 1.052-9.694) are independent factors that affect the survival of patients with malignant IPN. Conclusion The imaging features of chest CT may provide important guidance for determining the nature and survival prognosis of benign and malignant nodules.

Objective To provide important morphological basic data for the design of orthodontics and the direction of forensic dentistry identification, three-dimensional CT reconstruction technology（3DCT） was applied to the mandibular bone in class Ⅰ bone type women in Liaoning province, and the morphological asymmetry was analyzed by Euclidean distance matrix analysis（EDMA）.Methods A total of 50 class Ⅰ bone type women from the image database of Shenyang Key Laboratory of Phenomics Research in the period of July 2020 to July 2021 in Liaoning region were retrospectively selected for 3D head CT.The data were recorded into VG Studio 3.2 MAX for 3D reconstruction of mandible and measurement of 3D coordinates of marker points, and the asymmetry of left and right mandibular marker points was analyzed by winEDMA Version 1.0.1 software.Results Bootstrap nonparametric statistical test showed that t=1.164 and P=0.001.Among the 25 FDM ratios, 5（20%） were less than 0.95,and there were 0 more than 1.05.There was significant difference in the left and right mandibular shape of Liaoning region class Ⅰ bone type women.Conclusion The mandible of Liaoning region class Ⅰ bone type women is asymmetrical and the right side is larger. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the imaging features, clinical outcome, and prognosis of indeterminate pulmonary nodules (IPN) in patients with high-grade soft tissue sarcoma. Methods A retrospective study of 82 patients with high-grade soft tissue sarcoma who have IPNs. The clinical characteristics, imaging features of IPN, and survival of patients were analyzed with statistical software. Results The IPN size of 82 patients was 6.453±0.864 mm. IPN diameter, shape, density, and nodule discovery interval may be CT imaging features related to malignancy tendency. Age (HR=1.047, 95%CI: 1.007-1.088) and interval between each nodule discovery (HR=3.194, 95%CI: 1.052-9.694) are independent factors that affect the survival of patients with malignant IPN. Conclusion The imaging features of chest CT may provide important guidance for determining the nature and survival prognosis of benign and malignant nodules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate CT features and reasons for the misdiagnosis of nodular or mass-like type pulmonary cryptococcosis（PC）. Methods The clinical manifestations and imaging data of 60 cases with nodular or mass-like type PC confirmed by pathology in the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine from June 2011 to December 2021were analyzed retrospectively. Results Clinical manifestations: respiratory symptoms were associated with 28 cases, whereas 26 cases were asymptomatic. Imaging findings: 22 cases were in unilateral single lung lesion, 22 cases were in unilateral multiple lung lesions, 16 cases were in bilateral multiple lesions. Fifty-five cases with oval shape, including 38 cases with the long axis are parallel to the pleura, 28 cases with clustering and fusion tendency. Fifty-two cases were uniform in density. Thirteen cases with moderate enhancement, 4 cases with avid enhancement. Moreover, there were 24 cases with proximal air bronchogram, 45 cases with halo sign. Thirteen cases were followed and the volume doubling time ranged from 3.9 to 236.8 days, with the median 24.9 days. Thirty-seven cases were initially misdiagnosed. Conclusions Nodular or mass-like type of PC lesions usually occurs in the inferior lobe of both lungs and close to the pleura, and the long axis is parallel to the pleura. Halo sign and proximal air bronchogram are more specific manifestations. Multiple nodular masses with clustering and fusion tendency are highly suggestive of a PC. Cryptococcal capsular polysaccharide antigen detection can be used in clinical, and puncture biopsy can be performed if necessary.

Objective: To investigate the chest computed tomography (CT) findings and dynamic changes in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants. Methods: 200 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants were collected in Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University from November 2022 to January 2023. These patients were divided into mild group, moderate group and severe/critical group according to the clinical classification. All patients’ clinical, laboratory and chest CT data were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Among 200 cases infected with SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant, the main clinical manifestations were fever, cough, sore throat and fatigue. There was a statistically significant difference in white blood cell count between the mild group and the medium group, and between the mild group and the severe/critical group. There were significant differences in erythrocyte sedimentation rate between mild and moderate groups, and between mild and severe/critical groups. Most of the lesions in mild group were subpleural (53.6%), while most of the lesions in moderate group (77.9%) and severe/critical group (88.9%) were mixed. The crazy-paving sign was statistically significant between the mild and severe/critical groups, and between the mild and moderate groups. There were significant differences in air bronchogram sign between the mild and the severe/critical groups, the mild and severe/critical groups , and the mild and moderate groups. The frequency of Ground Glass Opacity (GGO) was the highest at different intervals between the onset and the first chest CT. The proportion of GGO with consolidation/consolidation and air bronchogram sign gradually increased when the interval was more than 4 days. The proportion of GGO with consolidation/consolidation and air bronchogram sign gradually increased when the interval was more than 4 days. The highest proportion (95.4%) of crazy-paving sign appeared within the interval of 5-9 days, after which the proportion decreased. The frequency of irregular linear opacities, the proportion of pleural thickening and pleural effusion increased in patients with an interval more than 14 days. The median times to occurrence of GGO, GGO with crazy-paving sign, GGO with consolidation or consolidation and irregular linear opacities respectively were 4 days (2 days, 7 days), 9 days (7 days, 11 days), 13 days (10 days, 16 days) and 16 days (13 days, 19 days). Conclusions: Chest CT can reflect the distribution, morphology, dynamic imaging development and outcome of lesions in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant, which is helpful for clinical treatment decision-making and efficacy evaluation.

Copyright of CT Theory & Applications is the property of Editorial Department of CT Theory & Applications and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Experimental Technology & Management is the property of Experimental Technology & Management Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of CT Theory & Applications is the property of Editorial Department of CT Theory & Applications and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of CT Theory & Applications is the property of Editorial Department of CT Theory & Applications and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of CT Theory & Applications is the property of Editorial Department of CT Theory & Applications and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of CT Theory & Applications is the property of Editorial Department of CT Theory & Applications and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To explore the features of emphysema lobar distribution in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) of different degrees. Methods Sixty-one COPD patients and ninety normal controls were recruited. CT scanning of both inspiratory and expiratory phase was performed. The COPD patients were divided into mild COPD group (levels 1 and 2) and severe COPD group (levels 3 and 4). All images were imported into the digital lung automatic detection platform, and emphysema lobar distribution was defined as percentage of lobar low attenuation area (LAA) in the total lung low attenuation area (LAA%), -910HU and -950HU were two cut-off values for emphysema. SPSS 22.0 Covariance Analysis was used for LAA% comparison among the groups. Results In both inspiratory and expiratory phases, compared with those of normal controls, LAA-910% and LAA-950% of the right upper lobe increased significantly, LAA-910% and LAA-950% of the right middle lobe decreased significantly in mild COPD group (P<0.05). In the inspiratory phase, compared with that in mild COPD group, LAA-910% and LAA-950% of the bilateral lower lobe increased and LAA-910% and LAA-950% of the left upper lobe decreased in severe COPD group, and these changes had significant differences (P <0.05), and additional significant decrease was found in expiratory phase in LAA-910% of the right upper lobe, LAA-910% and LAA-950% of the right middle lobe in severe COPD group. In the inspiratory phase, compared with those of the normal controls, LAA-910% and LAA-950% of the right upper and middle lobes decreased and LAA-910% and LAA-950% of the left lower lobe increased in severe COPD group, and these changes had significance (P<0.05), and additional significant increase was found in expiratory phase in LAA-910% and LAA-950% of the right upper and the lower lobes in severe COPD group. Conclusion Emphysema in mild COPD patients is more obvious in the bilateral upper lobe and increases gradually with the increase of COPD grade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the problems of larger noise, large amount of vias and pads, low contrast between pads and backgrounds, and large variation of pads' shape and scale in PCB CT images, which make it difficult to detect vias and pads. Based on the convolutional neural network model network in network, this paper proposed to parameterize the pooling kernels to improve the network's data-expressing ability, which was applied to via and pad detection combined with selective search algorithm after evaluated on benchmark datasets. The experiments show that, parameterized pooling can help improve the network's data-expressing ability, with whieh the convolutional neural network can effectively detect vias and pads in PCB CT images and basically meet the practical need. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To improve the detection accuracy of cerebral venous thrombosis （CVT） in the first imaging examination and to guide the treatment and improve the outcome. Methods Imagings of 17 CVT cases were retrospectively analyzed and the missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis reasons were summarized. Results All the 17 cases were taken CT examination. 7 cases were missed diagnosed and misdiagnosed. 2 of 7 cases were diagnosed as subarachnoid hemorrhage. 1 of 7 cases was diagnosed as the left occipital subacute subdural hematoma. 1 of 7 cases was diagnosed as the right frontal and parietal and occipital lobes cerebral hemorrhage. 1 of 7 cases was diagnosed as the left parietal and occipital lobes cerebral hemorrhage and broken into ventricles. 2 of 7 cases were diagnosed as negative. Conclusion To summerize the reasons of missed diagnosis and misdiag aosis of CVT can improve the detection accuracy in the first imaging examination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objective The aim of this study is the clinical value of preoperative routine surgical staging to mediastinal lymph nodes on lung cancer. Methods Seventy-six cases underwent lymph nodes biopsy with mediastinoscopy. The diagnostic efficacy of thoracic CT scan and mediastinoscopy on mediastinal lymph nodes metastasis were compared. Results The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of thoracic CT scan and mediastinoscopy on diagnosing mediastinal lymph nodes metastasis were 68.5%, 66.7%, 68.4%, 84.6%, 16.7% and 87.5%, 100%, 84.2%, 100%, 60%, respectively. Conclusion Routine preoperative mediastinoscopy had obvious advantage compared with thoracic CT scan on mediastinal lymph nodes staging. The routine preoperative surgical staging of mediastinal lymph nodes on lung cancer had high clinical value.

Renal angiomyolipoma (AML) with renal vein, inferior vena cava (IVC), and right atrial embolism is a rare solid tumor, whose etiology and pathogenesis are still unclear. Moreover, it is often misdiagnosed. One patient with renal AML complicated with renal vein, IVC, and right atrial embolism was admitted to the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, who was a 35-year-old female, without any previous medical history, presented with right low back pain for more than 3 years. Computed tomography (CT) scan showed irregular lobulated fatty density mass in the right kidney, renal vein, IVC, and right atrium. The contrast-enhanced scan showed no enhancement of fat components at each phase and mild enhancement of solid components. Radical resection of the right kidney and removal of tumor thrombus were performed, and there was no recurrence 1 year after the operation. It is rare for renal AML to grow along the renal vein, IVC, and extend to the right atrium. Imaging examination is extremely important, and the CT findings of this case are characteristic, but the diagnosis eventually depends on pathological and immunohistochemical examinations.

Objective: To investigate the distribution of common inner ear and internal auditory canal malformations in children with single-sided deafness（SSD） ,and to explore the imaging etiology of SSD by comparing the quantitative parameters of key bone structures between deaf and normal ears in children with congenital SSD. Method: Forty children with SSD diagnosed in the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University from September 2016 to March 2019 were collected. All of them underwent HRCT examinations of temporal bone . The area of bone island, the width of vestibular, the width of internal auditory canal, the height of cochlear and the width of cochlear basal axis were measured. Paired t test was used to compare the difference between the hearing abnormality and normal hearing in children with SSD. Result: The rate of inner ear deformity was 62.5% in SSD group,the most common deformity was cochlear nerve canal deformity, 20 cases （50.0%） of cochlear canal stenosis and 3 cases （7.5%） of cochlear canal atresia.The second most common deformity was internal auditory canal deformity, including 5 cases （12.5%） of internal auditory canal stenosis and 1 case （2.5%） of internal auditory canal atresia. Other malformations included 1 case（2.5%） of RO, 2 cases （5.0%） of incomplete partition （IP） type II and 1 case （2.5%） of enlargement of vestibular aqueduct （EVA）. There are no significant difference in the measured results of the key structures of the inner ear between two groups except the width of cochlear nerve canal, internal auditory canal and the area of bone island. Conclusion: The main inner ear deformities in children with SSD are cochlear nerve canal stenosis and inner auditory canal stenosis. HRCT of temporal bone has high diagnostic value for inner ear deformities in children with SSD., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Editorial Department of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery.)

Objective: To investigate the diagnosis and evaluation methods of nasal bone fractures after nasal trauma, and the guiding significance of three-dimensional CT imaging technology for its treatment. Method: A total of 255 patients with nasal bone fractures were randomly selected from our hospital. All patients underwent CT scan of the nasal bones and reconstructed on a computer system. The reconstructed CT images were observed, measured and evaluated. Analyze the morphological characteristics of nasal bone fractures and evaluate the involvement of other facial structures. Result: Among 255 patients with nasal trauma, there were traumatic nasal bone fractures, including 71 cases（27.8%） with simple nasal bone fractures, 143 cases（56.1%） with traumatic nasal septum deviation, and 41 cases（16.1%） with other fractures. External nasal fracture classification: type Ⅰ（unilateral nasal bone or maxillary frontal fracture） 91 cases（35.7%）， type Ⅱ（bilateral nasal bone or fracture） 21 cases（8.2%），type Ⅲ（with trauma Nasal septum deviation） 143 cases（56.1%）. A total of 214 patients（83.9%） underwent surgical treatment, and underwent nasal endoscopic reduction of nasal bone fractures under local anesthesia, and 77 patients（30.2%） underwent nasal septum surgery. Conclusion: CT three-dimensional imaging technology can clearly display the location of the nasal bone fracture, the shape of the fracture line, the number of fragments formed by the fracture, and quantitative analysis of the deformity caused by it, which plays an important role in its diagnosis and treatment., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Editorial Department of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery.)

Objectives: To determine imaging features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in different stages, and to provide foundations for early diagnosis and treatment., Methods: CT image data of 187 COVID-19 patients were analyzed in the period of hospitalization. CT scanning was performed on admission and repeated every 3 days. The improvement time of clinical symptoms and the image changes of follow-up CT were statistically analyzed., Results: All 187 patients' nucleic acid test were positive to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The early CT images of lung in 187 cases (100%) showed multiple patchy and ground-glass opacities with fine mesh and consolidation shade, which mainly distributed in pulmonary band or under the pleura. In the progressive stage, the pulmonary lesions in 146 cases (78.1%) were mainly consolidation, accompanied by air bronchogram, thickening of blood vessels, and interstitial changes. Severe pulmonary CT images in 15 cases (8%) showed diffuse lesions in both lungs, displaying consolidation, or "white lung". The CT imaging features in 185 cases (98.9%) at the absorptive period showed that the lesions diminished and fibrogenesis. The imaging features of 6 times of lung CT examination in one case showed continuous progress. The original lesion in one case was obviously absorbed, but new lesions appeared under the pleura of both lungs at the third review of CT scanning. The changes of CT imaging lesions during follow-up were significantly different in different clinical symptoms improvement time ( P < 0.01)., Conclusions: Images of COVID-19 in various stages have special characteristics. The change of clinical symptoms is synchronous with the change of reexamination CT. Follow-up CT can reflect the trend of clinical changes. Repeat CT examination plays an important role in the early clinical diagnosis and the evaluation for the therapeutic effect on COVID-19 patient.

Objectives: To design a standardized imaging diagnostic reporting mode for screening coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and to prospectively verify its effectiveness in clinical practice., Methods: A new classification and standardized imaging diagnosis report mode of viral pneumonia was established by studying and summarizing the imaging findings of various kinds of viral pneumonia, combining with lesion density, interstitial changes, pleural effusion, lymph nodes, and some special signs. After systematic training, the radiologist experienced clinical practice for screening CT features. COVID-19 cases were screened retrospectively in the single-center. The confirmed cases were verified, and the diagnostic efficacy of the standardized imaging reporting system in screening COVID-19 was tested., Results: There were 912 patients in this stage receiving the screening imaging examination. Of them, 190 patients were screened in the report mode and 30 patients were diagnosed as COVID-19. The CT manifestation of COVID-19 was characterized by pure ground glass lesions or with a few solid components, predominant subpleural distribution, no lymph node enlargement and pleural effusion, and often with paving-way sign and air bronchus sign. In combination with the above signs, the diagnostic efficacy of COVID-19 was 0.942., Conclusions: The standardized imaging diagnosis report mode based on COVID-19 chest image features is effective and practical, which should be popularized.

Objective: The aim of this study is to explore the value of 3D reconstruction technology based on computer tomography data in understanding the frontal sinus drainage pathway. Method: Three-dimensional reconstruction of DICOM data from 100 cases of sinus CT was performed by using Mimics 19.0 software. The 3D models were used to study types, the relative locations of frontal sinus and recess cells as well as the influence of the frontal sinus drainage pathway. Result: The 3D model of frontal sinus, frontal recess cells and frontal sinus drainage pathway were reconstructed successfully. Among them, the incidence of nasal cavity was 95.5% (191/200), nasal cavity was 31.5% (63/200), nasal cavity on the frontal air room was 24.5% (49/200) supra bulla cells were 54% (108/200), supra bulla frontal cells were 14.5% (29/200), supraorbital ethmoid cells were 20.5% (41/200), and the rate of frontal septal cells were 4% (8/200). It visually demonstrated the relationship between the frontal recess and the frontal sinus drainage channel. Conclusion: The 3D reconstruction technology based on computer tomography data not only helps us to understand the anatomy of the frontal sinus, the relative position of the frontal crypt and the effect on the frontal sinus drainage channel, but also provides a new method for preoperative planning and intraoperative guidance to endoscopic frontal sinus surgery.

Background and objective Although Bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy is a rare, but has serious complications. The main reason is that encapsulated fluid or blood around bronchial stump forms and infects. We used CT localization chest drainage and direct vision-assisted thoracoscopic chest drainage techniques to treat early fistula and observe their clinical efficacy. Methods Between October 2003 and July 2008, 12 patients with early bronchial stump fistula were recognized, and underwent CT localization chest drainage and direct vision-assisted thoracoscopic chest drainage techniques. Results After treatment, patients' clinic symptom were relieved, and fistula healed. Conclusion Early recognization and treatment of bronchial stump fistula by microinvasive technique, could achieve a satisfactory clinical efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the effect of the BPPV precision manipulation treatment. Method: With 3D SLICER software we segment structure such as semicircular canal, eye ball, orbital and ear rod from MRI or CT volume data of patients which underwent MRI or CT scaning of inner ear, for measuring the spatial direction of semicircular canals and building semicircular canal modules with standard space coordinate system and embedding into 3D PDF files. Result: With the slice that divide the semicircular canal equally as the semicircular canal plane and the eyeball as reference object to determine whether it is symmetric, it is not only intuitive but also reliable for measuring the angle between the posterior semicircular canal. 3D PDF is intuitive, rotation angle can be adjusted according to the individual differences in the process of manipulation treatment, to observe and demonstrate the theoretical reduction effect before the actual operation. Conclusion: By reconstruction the three-dimensional semicircular canal structure from the inner ear image data of patients and measurement of the semicircular canal space direction, it is of a certain significance for BPPV precision manipulation treatment., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Editorial Department of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery.)