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In order to support economic and social development and high-quality development of water conservancy, it is crucial to scientifically judge the spatial equilibrium state of regional water resources. Therefore, the Lorentz curve matching water resources with population and GDP was constructed, and the population and GDP were weighted. The comprehensive Gini coefficient of each element after matching regional water resources was calculated to judge the spatial equilibrium state. Subtractive set pair potential was used to identify vulnerable regions affecting the spatial equilibrium of regional water resources. A comprehensive evaluation model of spatial equilibrium of regional water resources based on the Gini coefficient and subtractive set pair potential was established and applied to Chongqing. The findings demonstrate that the water resources in Chongqing are generally in an unbalanced spatial state from 2015 to 2022, particularly in the central city, western regions, and eastern new cities of Chongqing. Concurrently, the subtractive set pair potential in these three regions, manifested as partial reverse potential or reverse potential, designates them as vulnerable regions that impact the spatial equilibrium state of water resources in Chongqing. In the future, it is necessary to take control measures to improve the equilibrium state in these regions. The evaluation model can provide a reference for the high-quality development of regional water conservancy and optimal allocation of water resources.

In large object radiation imaging system, the interaction between medium and high energy (MeV) X/γ-ray and matter is dominated by Compton scattering, which produces a large number of the scattered particles. And the influence of the scattered particles on the radiographic images has always been a tough problem that plagues the developers. And the rear collimator is commonly used to reduce the influence of the scattered particles and improve the quality of the radiographic images. At present, the relevant research mainly analyzes the distribution of the scattered particles in the detector array, but there is a lack of research on the distribution of the scattered particles on the surface of the inspected object. Based on the Monte-Carlo simulation model of the 60Co large object radiation imaging system, a common medium-density substance (iron plate) was selected as the inspected object, and the number distribution and energy distribution of the scattered particles were analyzed in detail when γ-ray penetrates iron plates from different positions and with different thicknesses. Also, the diffusion effect of the scattered particles and the shielding effect of the rear collimator on the scattered particles were analyzed. There are some results drawn in this paper. In the horizontal direction, the diffusion effect of the scattered particles caused by multiple Compton scattering is limited, and most of the scattered particles come from the area covered by the initial γ-ray beam on the object. About 90% of the scattered particles have a horizontal distribution range of 40-70 mm on the surface of the object, which will limit the shielding effect of the rear collimator. When the distance S between the iron plate (with the thickness of 100 mm) and the detector array is reduced to the limit of 500 mm for safe driving, there is approximately 39.74% of the scattered particles shielded by the rear collimator (Fe) with the collimation ratio of 20∶1 and the best thickness of 5 mm, while the ideal rear collimator absorbing all incident particles can shield about 63.21% of the scattered particles. When the distance S increases to 1 750 mm or more, the scattering effect of the rear collimator will be severe and cause an increase in the number of the scattered particles instead of performing its function of shielding the scattered particles, and a wider rear collimator may cause more serious scattering interference. Therefore, in the large object radiation imaging system, the scattering effect of the rear collimator cannot be ignored, and its shielding effect on the scattered particles is also limited.

Ti-6Al-4V(TC4) titanium alloy is a kind of α+β type two-phase titanium alloy widely used. However, due to the microscopic defects in additive manufacturing titanium alloy, its mechanical properties are lower than the forging level, and post-treatment is usually required. Therefore, it is necessary to further study the additive manufacturing process and post-treatment of TC4 titanium alloy. In this paper, the microstructure and comprehensive properties of titanium alloy were analyzed by the changes of common process parameters such as energy input power and scanning strategy in the additive manufacturing process, and the influence of other process parameters such as protective gas type, substrate thickness, powder size and other factors in the additive manufacturing process was introduced. The influence of common heat treatment methods after additive manufacturing on its microstructure and mechanical properties was also comprehensively analyzed, and the influence of new post-heat treatment methods, such as vacuum heat treatment and cyclic heat treatment, as well as the influence of multiple post-treatment and comprehensive use of heat treatment were summarized. Generally speaking that the reasonable selection of additive manufacturing process parameters and the application of post-heat treatment method are the basis for obtaining titanium alloy components with excellent performance. The comprehensive use of various heat treatment methods or other post-treatment methods and heat treatment are the effective ways to further improve the performance of titanium alloy components in additive manufacturing. To establish a uniform selection standard for additive manufacturing process parameters and post-processing process is the key to the future development of additive manufacturing.

Metal foam composite is a kind of lightweight composite with low density, high strength, high shielding performance, high damping performance and other characteristics. It has a wide range of application prospects in aerospace, drilling trap floats, artificial bone and other fields, which has attracted people's attention. In this paper, based on the research of the existing literature, the fabrication methods of metal foam composites were introduced, the effect of microstructure on the properties of metal foam composites was analyzed, the progress of mechanical properties, damping properties, shielding properties and heat insulation and their mechanisms of metal foam composites and their applications in relevant fields were reviewed, which provides a theoretical basis for the development of metal foam composites in the future, and the new fabrication technology, modeling research, sandwich structure of metal foam composites and the fabrication of high performance foam hollow sphere composite were also prospected.

The study status on the joining of titanium alloy/steel dissimilar joint technology was summarized and reviewed, the microstructure characteristics of titanium alloy/steel direct joining and interlayer joining interface were analyzed.The formation and evolution process of titanium alloy/steel joint interface products with different interlayers (copper, copper-based alloy and others) were emphatically described, and the mechanical properties of titanium alloy/steel with different interlayers and preparation processes were also summarized.Finally, the methods and design ideas that can be adopted for the preparation of good titanium alloy/steel joints were summarized, and it was pointed out that the future development of this field can be combined with simulation in addition to using traditional methods to further the existing research, so as to achieve deeper understanding and experimental prediction.

To recognize the state trend of regional water resources carrying capacity and its key influence indicators,this paper adopts the game theory to determine the combined weight of the evaluation indicators.The five-variable gravitation subtraction set pair potential is introduced to judge the trend and identify the key indicators.The dynamic evaluation method of regional water resources carrying capacity based on the game theory and the five-variable gravitation subtraction set pair potential is established and applied to Guangdong Province.The results show that the water resources carrying capacity of Guangdong Province is generally good and developing well from 2013 to 2019.It fluctuates downward in 2014 and 2017.The five-variable gravitation subtraction set pair potential identifies the key indicators,including the water resources per unit area,the proportion of environmental protection investment in GDP,urbanization rate,and the industrial water consumption per ten thousand yuan output.The evaluation method of regional water resources carrying capacity based on five-variable gravitation subtraction set pair potential is easy to conduct and is readable,which can provide a new method for dynamic evaluation of water resources carrying capacity.

In order to know the carrying capacity of regional water resources and provide reference for regional water resources allocation,this paper selects evaluation indexes from three subsystems of water resources carrying capacity (i.e.,carrying ability system,carrying pressure system and regulation ability system),calculates the subjective weights of evaluation indexes by correcting analytic hierarchy process based on accelerating genetic algorithm (AGA-CAHP),the objective weights of evaluation indexes by projection pursuit based on accelerating genetic algorithm (AGA-PP) and the combined weights of evaluation indexes by the principle of minimum relative information entropy,obtains the connection number of regional water resources carrying capacity by improved set pair analysis based on grey correlation analysis,and then establishes a set pair analysis evaluation model for regional water resources carrying capacity based on entropy principles,combined weights and grey correlation analysis,and finally applies the model in Anhui Province.The results show that the water resources carrying capacity of Anhui Province was in the critical overload from 2005 to 2015,while that was gradually increasing from 2012 to 2015,with the southern region stronger than the northern region.The evaluation results accorded with the actual situation.Therefore,the model can fully integrate the subjective experience information and objective information in the evaluation process,with reasonable results.It has great application value in the comprehensive evaluation of regional resources and environmental carrying capacity.

The XBT automatic launch and measurement system can automatically launch probes in severe sea conditions, and the motor control unit is the control core of the launch mechanism. The unit consists of a power management module, communication and motor control interface module, main control chip and etc, the stepping motor, servo motor and DC motor in the launch system can be controlled in real time. After putting forward the design scheme of hardware and software, the various faults found in the test for motor control unit are analyzed from mechanism. The test result after improved shows that the motor control unit can respond to the control commands of the host computer in real time, ensuring the stable motion of each motor, and the automatic launch and measurement system has the characteristics of good practicability, high efficiency and automation.

Considering that the orthogonality of STBC in frequency-selective fading will be destroyed by the multiple path interference（MPI）,an iterative interference cancellation based maximum likelihood sequence estimation（MLSE） decoding scheme was proposed for STBC in frequency-selective fading.Meanwhile,the maximum ratio combining（MRC） method was introduced to improve the proposed scheme,and decrease the computational complexity further.These schemes could effectively make up for the decoding deficiency of conventional STBC in frequency-selective fad-ing.They canceled not only the MPI from even terms corresponding to the orthogonality undestroyed by fading,but also the MPI from odd terms corresponding to the orthogonality destroyed by fading;they has superior performance.More-over,they have lower decoding complexity when compared with direct MLSE decoding of the long sequence signal.Thus they implement good decoding performance with low complexity.

Objective To study the risk factors for health-related quality of life (HRQoL) changes in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) under different multimorbidity patterns. Methods AECOPD patients in five hospitals in Shanxi Province were selected from September 2021 to September 2023, and 214 patients were finally included. The minimal clinically important diferences (MCID) of St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) was combined to assess the HRQoL of the patients. This study started from multimorbidity (refer to ICD-10), multimorbidity patterns stratification was performed based on latent class analysis (LCA), and then ordered logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors affecting the change of SGRQ score at 3 months after discharge of patients with different multimorbidity patterns. Results Patients were divided into "cardiovascular disease group" and "cor pulmonale low burden group" through potential category analysis. Ordered logistic regression results showed that at 3 months after discharge, the probability of clinically significant increased in SGRQ in patients with high BMI (OR = 2.96, 95% CI: 1.09 - 8.34, P = 0.035) and patients with high direct bilirubin (OR = 2.96, 95 % CI: 1.07 - 8.35, P = 0.037) in the cardiovascular disease group were 2. 96 times higher than that of normal patients; the probability of clinically significant increased in SGRQ in patients with high direct bilirubin (OR = 3.25, 95% CI: 1.35-7.97, P = 0.009) and patients with low oxygen saturation (OR = 2.35, 95% CI: 1.05 - 5.55, P = 0.043) in the cor pulmonale low burden group were 3.25 and 2.35 times higher than those of normal patients (P < 0.05%. Conclusion The prognostic risk factors of AECOPD patients with different multimorbidity patterns are different, and regardless of the multimorbidity patterns, high direct bilirubin is an independent risk factor for HRQoL changes in patients with AECOPD. Moreover clinicians should closely detect in the the abnormal changes in BMI in AECOPD patients with cardiovascular disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phosphate ore is an important strategic mineral resource, and its guarantee degree is related to national resources, energy and food security. Phosphate ore resources in Yunnan Province occupy an important position in the country, with the characteristics of concentrated distribution, simple deposit types, large and medium-sized deposit are abundant, good ore quality and easy mining. With the major breakthrough in mineral prospecting of the Yangchang phosphate deposit in Zhenxiong area in recent years, phosphate ore in Yunnan Province has become one of the hot spots in mineral deposit research. This paper systematically sorted out the types and resource reserves of phosphate ore deposits in Yunnan Province, selected typical deposits of different deposit types for detailed dissections, systematically summarized the metallogenic laws from the aspects of spatial and temporal distribution characteristics, ore-bearing rock series characteristics, etc., improved the sedimentary phosphate ore mineralization model in Yunnan Province on the basis of the Yangchang phosphate deposit research, and combined with the results of potential evaluation, delineated 8 key prospecting potential areas. It provides the direction for phosphate rock prospecting in Yunnan Province in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Yangchang phosphate deposit in the northwest Zhenxiong County is located at the area of Qingba Village in Wanchang Town to Liaoyeba Village in Yanyuan Town (also called Yangchang). The deposit has the characteristics of large reserves of resources, excellent ore quality and concentrated distribution of resources, and is currently the largest concealed monomeric phosphorus-rich deposit in Asia, ranking fifth in the world. The genetic type of the deposit is the shallow marine sedimentary type phosphorite deposit in the Lower Cambrian Meishucun Formation (∈1 ms). The ore body is stratified and concealed in the Yangchang anticline. Generally, the ore body develop from east to west, and the mineralization tends to be richer. To date, the Yangchang phosphate deposit has made a major breakthrough in deep mining, revealing 3 layers of phosphorite depositions, and the inferred phos-phorus ore resources of grade I + II + III have been discovered in 3 survey areas (Zhujiachang, Fengjiagou and Qingba Village) has a cumulative mineral thickness of 36.77 m and an average P2O5 grade of 22.94%. The potential phosphorite resources estimated as 132.0x108, which effectively improves the capacity of phosphorus resources in the country, achieves the deep prospecting breakthrough of strategic minerals in short supply in the country, and has huge potential economic value and social benefits. In this paper, the formation mechanism and enrichment of the early Cambrian Meishucun phosphorus deposit is summarized systematically through the prospecting project results, and an effective deep phosphorite prospecting technology is established, which is helpful to further improve the ore-forming theory of early Cambrian phosphorus deposit, and with important guiding significance for the exploration and development of concealed phosphorus deposits in northeast Yunnan. The discovery of the super large phosphorus deposit in Yangchang has achieved a major breakthrough in deep concealed phosphorus deposit prospecting technology, greatly expanded the amount of phosphorus resources available in Yunnan Province, and laid a solid resource foundation for strengthening the storage and production of important energy and mineral resources, punning the resource economy of Yunnan Province, and building a national important phosphorus chemical industry base of 100 billion. It also provides a strong resource guarantee for the maintenance of energy and resources security of the nation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liaodong Peninsula is an important part of North China Craton, where intense tectonic movement, magmatic activities and gold mineralization occurred in Mesozoic, and gold deposits of different scales are distributed with typical regional characteristics. Through the systematic summary of basic characteristics such as spatial distribution, ore-bearing wall rock, ore-controlling structures and mineralized alteration, as well as the metallogenesis of gold deposits, the paper analyzes the resources potential of gold deposits in Liaodong Peninsula. According to the spatial distribution of gold deposits, four gold deposit concentration areas are divided, including Maoling, Baiyun-Qingchengzi, Wulong-Sidaogou and Xinfang gold deposit concentration areas. The ore-bearing wall rocks of Maoling and Baiyun-Qingchengzi concentration areas are Paleoproterozoic sedimentary metamorphic rock series, with the mineralization of altered rock type and quartz vein type, and the orebodies mainly controlled by low-angle interlayer faults. The wall rocks of Wulong-Sidaogou concentration area are Middle Jurassic gneissic biotite granite and Paleoproterozoic sedimentary metamorphic rock series respectively, with the main mineralization of quartz vein type, followed by altered rock type, and the orebodies controlled by high-angle fault and low-angle interlayer fault. The wall rocks of Xinfang concentration area are Archean gneisses and Neoproterozoic Qingbaikouan metamorphic sandstone, granulite and marble, with the mineralization of quartz vein type and altered rock type. The orebodies are mostly in veins and controlled by the ductile-brittle secondary faults developed in the foot wall of metamorphic core complex detachment fault and by the structural fractures in the Neoproterozoic Qingbaikouou cap rock. The geochronological study shows that the gold mineralization epoch can be divided into Late Triassic (~220 Ma), Early Jurassic (~190 Ma) and Early Cretaceous (~120 Ma). The study on fluid inclusions indicates that fluid immiscibility is the main mechanism of gold mineralization. The H-O isotopes reveal the ore-forming fluid mainly comes from magmatic water, with atmospheric precipitation added in later period. The He-Ar isotopes show that the ore-forming fluid is mainly derived from crustal source and a little from mantle source. The S-Pb-Sr isotopes indicate that the metallogenic materials mainly come from the Mesozoic magma. Besides, the ore-bearing strata play an indispensable role. The geological characteristics and isotopic data show that the gold deposits in Liaodong Peninsula are of magmatic hydrothermal origin. Combined with regional tectonic evolution, it is believed that the Late Triassic gold deposits in the area are related to the deep subduction of Yangtze plate to North China plate, the Early Jurassic gold deposits related to the subduction and compression of Paleo-Pacific plate to Eurasian plate, and the Early Cretaceous gold deposits were formed in the subduction and exhumation extensional setting of Paleo-Pacific plate to Eurasian plate. According to the geological, regional geochemical and geophysical characteristics of typical deposits, 23 prospecting targets are delineated and 2 414.56 t of gold resources at 3 000 m below surface are predicted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Kulun complex, mainly composed of Late Paleozoic meta-volcanic rocks, has been newly discovered in Kulun Qi area on the border between Liaoning and Inner Mongolia in the east part of the northern margin of North China Plate. The profile survey confirms the rock association of Kulun complex including tuff, andesite and metasedimentary rock. The zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb isotope test for the tuff shows 391.0±3.7 Ma, indicating the formation age of Middle Devonian. The geochemical characteristics show that the complex was formed in later island arc environment. The tectonic evolution process of the Paleozoic accretionary orogenic belt in the east part of the northern margin of North China Plate is established through the study of the newly discovered Middle Devonian Kulun complex and related Paleozoic sedimentary events, magmatic events and deformation, combined with the research results of the Paleozoic complex, magmatic rocks and volcanic sedimentary strata in the area. The orogenic belt has experienced the Silurian active continental margin stage, Devonian arc-continental collision stage, Carboniferous-Middle Permian active continental margin stage and Late Permian collision orogenic stage. The Silurian Fangjiatun and Xibiehe rock formations were formed in the back-arc basin environment, indicating the study area was in the active continental margin environment during the Ordovician-Silurian. The volcano-sedimentation of the Devonian Kulun complex is the result of arc-continent collision, accompanied by magmatic activity under extensional background. The study area underwent pull-apart again under the post-collision extension background, and received the deposits of Baijiadian rock formation and Jiujuzi rock formation in the Carboniferous-Middle Permian, leading to the formation of the volcanic island arc of Tongjiatun rock formation. In the Late Permian, continent-continent collision occurred with the closure of Paleo-Asian Ocean, and the post-orogeny continued to the Triassic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the effects of simethicone on gastrointestinal hormones, intestinal floras and inflammatory process mediated by NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Methods A total of 120 patients with IBS admitted to the hospital were prospectively enrolled as the research objects between January 1, 2021 and December 31, 2022, and they were randomly divided into control group (60 cases) and treatment group (60 cases). The control group was treated with compound eosinophil-Lactobacillus, while treatment group was additionally treated with simethicone. The curative effect after treatment, scores of gastrointestinal symptom rating scale (GSRS), levels of somatostatin (SS), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), NLRP3 inflammasome, interleukin-8 (IL-8) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), counts of intestinal floras before and after treatment, and safety during treatment were compared between the two groups. Results After treatment, total response rate of treatment group was higher than that of control group (91.67% vs. 76.67%, P < 0.05). After treatment, GSRS scores in both groups were decreased, which were lower in treatment group than control group (P < 0.05). After treatment, levels of SS and VIP in both groups were decreased, which were lower in treatment group than control group (P < 0.05). After treatment, counts of eosinophil-Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria were increased in both groups, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in counts of intestinal floras between the two groups (P > 0.05). After treatment, levels of NLRP3 inflammasome, IL-8 and IL-1β were decreased in both groups, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). During treatment, there was no significant difference in side effects between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion Simethicone can significantly improve response rate of treatment, improve gastrointestinal symptoms and gastrointestinal hormones in IBS patients, which has no significant effects on intestinal floras and inflammatory process mediated by NLRP3 inflammasome, with good safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indium antimonide (InSb) materials have been widely used in infrared photoelectric detectors and other fields because of their special properties. With the development of larger arrays of mid-infrared focal plane detectors and a growing demand for low-cost InSb infrared detectors, the desired size for the InSb wafers also increases. In this paper, a new structure of graphite rest and high precision low damage single line cutting were combined to develop a 5 inch InSb crystal oriented segmentation. Low damage edge chamfering techniques while optimizing grinding parameters were used to improve the grinding of 5 inch InSb wafers. An optimized mounting process were used to further improve the flatness of polished 5 inch InSb wafers. Furthermore, the pH value and polishing solution ratio were optimized to improve the surface quality of 5 inch InSb wafers. At the same time, the crystal orientation and deviation, polished surface macroscopic quality, geometric parameters, surface roughness and lattice quality of 5 inch InSb wafers were analyzed using an X-ray crystal orientation instrument and atomic force microscope. The test results show that, high quality 5 inch InSb wafers can be created more readily by this newly optimized process, helping to meet the current demand for InSb materials in IR detectors and other fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clustering is an important way to solve the scalability of aeronautical Ad hoc network(AANET). For instability of cluster structure caused by high dynamic, this paper designed a clustering algorithm which was based on location information for military aircraft. The algorithm combined the actual situation to establish a military aircraft flight models, from the perspective of location and movement of tectonic backup cluster head selection factor, which used a backup method of cluster heads to ensure the stability of cluster structure. It established capacity of cluster and cluster member filter factor to control its size, used gateway and anciilary cluster members to establish the mesh structure of network and avoid isolating communication node, then analyzed the algorithm theoretically. Finally, the simulation results show that the algorithm can reduce the frequency of cluster head replacement, control the number of clusters and enhance its survivability, effectively improving the overall stability of the cluster. It is more suitable for applications in the field of military aviation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to address the problem of severe corrosion of pipes and rods in oil wells in DC Block of Xingzichuan Oilfield, it is found that, through field investigation and sampling test, the main reason for corrosion of pipes and rods in oil wells in DC Block is the coaction of CO2, H2S and bacteria. In view of this main reason for such corrosion, the author developed the low-phosphonic solid corrosion inhibitor was developed through Lab experiments, optimized such additives as sulfur scavenger, CO2 neutralizer and bactericide, hence determined the formula of corrosion and scale inhibitor system; then dried and solidified the agents to obtain the solid corrosion/ scale inhibiting tube. The tube was used in five wells in DC Block; the average corrosion rate of the produced fluid from the oil wells was reduced from 0.682 mm/a to 0.050 mm/a, and the total iron content was reduced from 2.4 mg/L to 0.4 mg/L, the maintenance-free period of the oil wells increased from 41 days to 210 days. Field application shows that this solid corrosion/scale inhibiting tube can effectively improve the corrosion of oil well pipes and rods, elongate the service life of the oil well pipes and rods and reduce the times of downhole services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In consideration of the fact that the current automatic measuring systems for impact coordinates fail to measure the coordinates of simultaneous two-projectile impact on target, a coordinate measuring scheme of simultaneous two-projectile impact on target based on a linear array CCD camera is presented. A high speed linear CCD camera, two different wavelength semiconductor lasers and a projection board are used in the scheme. The detection light screen of CCD camera, the light screen of the two lasers and the projection plane of projection board are placed in a plane. When two projectiles pass through the detection light screen at the same time, they block out partial laser light projected on the projection board and leave their shadows on it, meanwhile the shadows and images of the two projectiles are acquired by the CCD camera. The shadows and images are differentiated to obtain the position coordinates of projected points by using a computer image processing method, and then the coordinates of simultaneous two-proofs jectile impact on target are obtained by a mathematic model based on the principle of straight line intersection. The measuring principle and formulas are provided, and the measuring error is simulated and analyzed. Experimental results show that the error of the actual measurement value and the theoretical analysis are consistent. The measuring principle can be used to successfully measure the coordinate of simultaneous two-projectile impact on target, and the measuring system based on the measuring principle can be applicable to measure the impact coordinates of projectiles of high RF weapons and multibarrel weapons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to investigate the effect of steel fibers and polypropylene fibers on flexural behavior of HPC deep beams, four-point bending tests were conducted on 17 simply supported HPC deep beams with different fiber contents and steel bars. Results show that the first crack load of FRHPC beams (either single type or hybrid) is increased by 10% - 40%, the yield load of hybrid FRHPC beams is increased by 50% - 150%, and its ultimate flexural capacity is increased by 1 - 2 times. Thus hybrid fibers can be used to greatly increase the flexural capacity of HPC deep beams, but the failure pattern of hybrid FRHPC beams without steel bar is brittle failure, it means that hybrid fibers can not replace steel bars. The method to calculate the ultimate flexural capacity of hybrid FRHPC deep beams is discussed as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The possession of Real Right in Civil law is based on three conditions: the asymmetric information of real right, the importance of exempt of legal risk in trade and the physical control over specific res. It is generally believed that there is no possession right in intellectual property due to the absence of physical controllability of the information product, which acts as the object of intellectual property right. Until registered, the creation, alternation, alienation or termination of intellectual property right shall come into effect. But that rule is not absolutely applicable anywhere. In some cases, such as copyright law, there is no compulsory requirement of registration when acquiring copyright. In such cases, the holder of information product can take measures to prevent the leakage of information, which functions just like the possession of Real Right to keep others away from the object. To safeguard the trade security, the common opinion of no possession right in intellectual property shall be challenged. There still exists room for the possession right protection in intellectual property, such as permission of the assignee in good faith to obtain ownership of intellectual property right from a person unauthorized to dispose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: To evaluate the role of orthognathic technique in management of long-standing jaw fractures. METHODS: Fifty-six cases of long-standing jaw fractures admitted in our department from January 1999 to January 2005 were analyzed retrospectively. Thirty-six patients were treated with orthognathic surgery. The orthognathic principles and methods including VTO, model surgery and splint were used and evaluated. RESULTS: Excellent clinical results of dental occlusion after intermaxillary distraction. CONCLUSIONS: Orthognathic technique is an important and effective method on treatment of long-standing jaw fractures. The other fractures of facial bones beside maxilla should be managed surgically in the same operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The analysis of the relationship between personality and depression can facilitate the development of subclinical preventive measures and clinical treatment schemes. Moreover, the personality is associated with a variety of mental diseases, and there is substantial comorbidity between depression and some other mental diseases. So, to reveal pathological relationships between personality and depression is helpful to understand the etiology of the comorbidity between depression and multiple mental disorders. In this review, we first summarize the empirical researches on the relationship between personality and depression from the aspects of behavior and neural mechanisms, and then discuss the hypothetical model to explain the relationship between personality and depression. In a word, high neuroticism, low extroversion and conscientiousness, and other related traits (rumination, self-criticism, dependency, etc.) have a moderate to strong correlation with depression. Among them, neuroticism is the most concerned. To a certain extent, it can predict the onset of depression and affect the duration and treatment outcome of depression. Other traits, such as positive emotionality/ extroversion and effortful control/responsibility, can moderate the relationship between negative emotionality/neuroticism and depression. And after the onset of depression, the neuroticism may change, but the extroversion does not seem to change.

Urban soil is an important part of the urban ecosystem, which is strongly correlated with human health and life quality. In this study, Lin'an city was chosen as a typical small city to study the spatial variation and distribution of heavy metals in urban soils and their pollution characteristics using multivariate analysis, geostatistics, and GIS techniques. A total of 62 soil samples were collected from the study areas. The results indicated that the average concentrations of soil Mn, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, and Cd were 439.42, 42.23, 196.80, 62.55, 63.65, and 0.22 mg·kg -1 , respectively. Compared with the background values and the environmental quality standards, these heavy metals were accumulated in urban soils to some extent. Almost 80% of the study area was polluted by heavy metals. The single potential ecological risk index of heavy metals indicated that Pb had the highest ecological risk. The pH and most of the heavy metals had strong correlations, and there were strong correlations among the heavy metals. The principle component analysis (PCA) showed that Pb, Zn, and Cu had the same pollution source, which was related to vehicle exhausts; Mn and Cr were mainly from the parent material; and Cd was from the emissions of manufacturing plants. The spatial structure and distribution of heavy metals and their corresponding available fractions had strong spatial autocorrelation with all of the C 0 /( C 0 + C )<50%. Their spatial patterns were influenced by human activities.

The present study was aimed to investigate the roles of renal sympathetic nerve and oxidative stress in the development of foot shock-induced hypertension. Ninety rats were divided into 6 groups (the number of each group was 15): control group, foot shock group, denervation of renal sympathetic nerve group, denervation of renal sympathetic nerve + foot shock group, Tempol treatment + foot shock group, denervation of renal sympathetic nerve + Tempol treatment + foot shock group. Rats were received electrical foot shock for 14 days (2-4 mA, 75 V, shocks of 50-100 ms every 30 s, for 4 h each session through an electrified grid floor every day). Renal sympathetic ablation was used to remove bilateral renal sympathetic nerve in rats (rats were allowed to recover for one week before the beginning of the foot shock procedure). The antioxidant Tempol was injected intraperitoneally at 1 h before foot shock. Systolic blood pressure was measured at 1 h after foot shock on day 0, 3, 7, 10 and 14. Contents of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), renin, angiotensin II (AngII) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in plasma were measured by ELISA after 14-day foot shock. The results showed that systolic blood pressure of foot shock group was significantly increased (P < 0.05) compared with that of control group from day 7 to day 14 of foot shock. Denervation of renal sympathetic nerve and/or Tempol treatment significantly reduced the increase of systolic blood pressure induced by foot shock. Levels of TBARS, renin and AngII in plasma were increased significantly in foot shock group compared with that of control group (P < 0.05). Plasma GSH-Px concentration was decreased in foot shock group rats compared with that of control group (P < 0.05). Denervation of renal sympathetic nerve and/or tempol treatment significantly reduced the increase in TBARS, renin, AngII levels induced by foot shock in comparison with that of foot shock group (P < 0.05), but had no effects on the reduction of GSH-Px concentration. The results suggest that renal sympathetic nerve may play an important role in the development of foot shock-induced hypertension, and renal sympathetic nerve may influence oxidative stress and directly or indirectly activate renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, so the foot shock-induced high blood pressure may be maintained and hypertension may therefore be produced.

Effects of carbon sources, temperature and electron acceptors on phosphorus uptake and release were investigated in a pilot-scale oxidation ditch. Phosphorus uptake and release rates were measured with different carbon sources (domestic sewage, sodium acetate, glucose) at 25 degrees C. The results showed that the minimum phosphorus uptake and release rates of glucose were 5.12 mg x (g x h)(-1) and 6.43 mg x (g x h)(-1), respectively, and those of domestic sewage are similar to those of sodium acetate. Phosphorus uptake and release rates increased with the increase of temperature (12, 16, 20 and 25 degrees C) using sodium acetate as carbon sources. Anoxic phosphorus uptake rate decreased with added COD. Electron acceptors (oxygen, nitrate, nitrite) had significant effects on phosphorus uptake rate and their order was in accordance with oxygen > nitrate > nitrite. The mass ratio of anoxic P uptake and N consumption (P(uptake)/N (consumption)) of nitrate and nitrite were 0.96 and 0.65, respectively.

Objective: To extract sperm DNA from mixed stain by the modified differential lysis method combined with silicon bead method and to evaluate its application value., Methods: Fifty-two mixed stains containing female STR genotypes detected by differential lysis method were collected. The sperm DNA was extracted by the modified method combined with silicon bead method, then genotyped with the Identifiler Kit, and compared with the results of genotyping by the conventional differential lysis method as control., Results: Of the 52 samples, 38 samples with sole male STR genotypes in all loci were detected. The detection rate of male STR genotypes was 98.08% through the modified method combined with silicon bead method., Conclusion: The modified differential lysis method combined with silicon bead method can be used in extraction of sperm DNA from mixed stain.

Objective: To establish a quantitative estimate model for diagnosing traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes of patients with osteoporosis., Methods: Symptoms and signs of osteoporosis and methodology related to syndrome research were collected by reviewing medical literature. The symptoms and sighs were quantitatively classified into three, two or one category according to a 100-mm visual analog scale. Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model of TCM qualitative syndromes was performed based on analytic hierarchy process. Then "Hall for Workshop of Metasynthetic Engineering" expert symposium was held on subjects of syndrome quantification method and weight of evaluation indices in different levels for developing the analysis model of common syndromes. For clinical verification, the created models were applied to patients with osteoporosis for discriminating syndromes. Syndrome of each patient was also identified by 8 experts major in integrative medicine treating osteoporosis for comparing the coincidence rate using a self-made clinical questionnaire., Results: Through literature reviewing, symptoms and signs quantification and expert discussing, the authors formed estimate models of essence deficit, qi deficiency, yin deficiency, yang deficiency, and blood stasis. A total of 220 patients with osteoporosis were enrolled and filled the clinical questionnaire. All 8 experts completed and returned the questionnaire (1 760 cases), and 1 545 of them were filled in completely. Experts' opinion on syndrome differentiation was exactly coincidence to estimate model in 611 cases and almost coincidence in 639 cases. The total coincidence rate reached to 94.05%., Conclusion: The estimate model for syndrome differentiation of osteoporosis has a high-coincidence rate with the fuzzy evaluation from experts, with good rationality and feasibility, and is worthy of promotion in the clinical study.

Objective: To establish diagnostic criteria for common traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes in osteoporosis., Methods: Based on the collection and analysis of related medical literature, clinical investigation, and expert discussion, a draft of preliminary diagnostic criteria for the basic syndromes of TCM in patients with osteoporosis was formulated. Then it was used in clinic for verification and revised repeatedly until a formal version of diagnostic criteria was satisfactorily achieved., Results: The basic syndromes listed in the diagnostic criteria for patients with osteoporosis consisted of two parts: qualitative diagnosis and localization diagnosis. Results of qualitative diagnosis showed that the qualitative syndromes included damage of essence, deficiency of vital energy, deficiency of yin, deficiency of yang and blood stasis. The localization diagnosis showed that location of osteoporosis is bone and corresponds to the kidney, and also involves liver, lung, spleen (stomach) and heart. The diagnostic content has established the specific symptoms and the non-specific symptoms during various stages. Each of the above syndromes could be diagnosed according to a specific combination of its corresponding symptoms or signs. The clinical verification results showed that the total matching ratio of qualitative diagnosis was 80.56% between the diagnoses made according to the criteria and the diagnoses acquired from the experts' experience, and the total matching ratio of localization diagnosis was 85.56%., Conclusion: The TCM syndrome diagnostic criteria for osteoporosis is generally consistent with TCM clinical practice, worthy of further popularization and application in clinical practice.

Objective: To establish a quantitative model for evaluating the degree of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes often seen in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD)., Methods: Medical literature concerning clinical investigation of TCM syndromes of CHD was collected and organized, and the "Hall for Workshop of Metasynthetic Engineering" expert symposium method was applied. First, the 100 millimeter scaling was used for combining with scoring on degree of symptoms to establish a quantitative criterion for classification of symptom degree in CHD patients, and the model was established by using comprehensive analytic hierarchy process as the mathematical tool to estimate the weight of the criterion for evaluating qualitative syndromes in various layers by specialists. Then the model was verified in clinical practice and the outcomes were compared with fuzzy evaluation from the specialists., Results: A total of 287 clinical observation forms on CHD cases were collected, and 167 forms were available after excluding any irregular forms. The results showed that basic coincidence rate between the outcomes derived from specialists and those from the model was 68.26% (114/167), and part coincidence rate was 88.62%(148/167)., Conclusion: This model, with good rationality and feasibility, has a high coincidence rate with fuzzy evaluation from specialists, and can be promoted in clinical practice. It is a good quantitative model for evaluating the degree of TCM syndromes of CHD.

Objective: To investigate the operative effect and value of window partial laryngectomy for the treatment of stage T2-3 glottic laryngeal carcinoma., Methods: From Oct. 2000 to Dec. 2006, the stage T2-3 glottic laryngeal carcinoma of 48 patients by properly selected were performed with window partial laryngectomy and laryngeal reconstruction. Twenty nine males and 19 females were included. Their ages ranged from 43 to 78 years (median 57.0 years). Before operation and in the 6 months after operation, these targets including auditory mental evaluation of hoarse degree, active degree and symmetry of vocal cord, glottic width in the time of quiet breathing, glottic closing degree in the time of phonating, respiratory function and swallowing function were surveyed. In addition, the things of recurrence and metastasis of tumors together with survival time of patients were following investigated., Results: All patients were decannulated successfully and incisions were healed smoothly. No operative complication occurred. Except active degree of vocal cord (P = 0.343), there were respectively significant difference between two group targets of auditory mental evaluation of hoarse degree (all P <0.01), symmetry of vocal cord (P = 0.000), glottic width in the time of quiet breathing (P = 0. 001), glottic closing degree in the time of phonating (P = 0.001) and respiratory function (P=0.001) those were investigated before operation and after operation. The swallowing function wasn't influenced (P= 0.310). There were laryngostenosis in 1 case, recurrence in 1 case (2.1%), cervical lymph node metastasis in 1 case and hepatic metastasis in 1 case. Two cases died. 3-year and 5-year overall survival rate were respectively 96.9% and 88.9%., Conclusions: The study showed that window partial laryngectomy was successful for treating stage T2-3 glottic laryngeal carcinoma by properly selected. This operation was effective for reducing surgical invasion and beneficial to resume respiratory and vocal function.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Hepatobiliary (FACT-Hep) questionnaire in measuring the quality of life in patients with primary hepatic carcinoma (PHC) in China., Methods: FACT-Hep questionnaire was translated into Chinese and revised properly. From September 2005 to April 2006, one hundred and eighty patients with primary liver carcinoma were admitted and measured by using the Chinese version of FACT-Hep questionnaire, and the reliabilities, validities and responsibilities of the questionnaire were assessed., Results: Correlation coefficient was higher between items and dimension of their corresponding domain (0.5933+/-0.1652) than that between the items and other domains (0.2749+/-0.1922). Six principal constituents were extracted by factor analysis and represented all domains of the questionnaire. The combinations of components were consistent with what was expected. The correlation coefficient of criterion-related validity was 0.828. The test-retest reliability correlation coefficients of physical, social/family, emotion, function, symptom and total questionnaire were 0.731, 0.334, 0.953, 0.786, 0.785 and 0.801 respectively, and the values of Cronbach's alpha were 0.7397, 0.4193, 0.7914, 0.8250, 0.8399 and 0.9161, respectively. There were statistical differences in scores of FACT-Hep questionnaire in different PHC stages or in different Child-Pugh classes (P<0.05)., Conclusion: The FACT-Hep questionnaire can measure the quality of life in patients with PHC with good reliability, validity and responsiveness; it can be used in assessing the disease-specific health-related quality of life of patients with hepatobiliary cancers.

Objective: To establish a quantitative model for evaluating the degree of the TCM basic syndromes often encountered in patients with primary liver cancer (PLC)., Methods: Medical literatures concerning the clinical investigation and TCM syndrome of PLC were collected and analyzed adopting expert-composed symposium method, and the 100 millimeter scaling was applied in combining with scoring on degree of symptoms to establish a quantitative criterion for symptoms and signs degree classification in patients with PLC. Two models, i.e. the additive model and the additive-multiplicative model, were established by using comprehensive analytic hierarchy process (AHP) as the mathematical tool to estimate the weight of the criterion for evaluating basic syndromes in various layers by specialists. Then the two models were verified in clinical practice and the outcomes were compared with that fuzzy evaluated by specialists., Results: Verification on 459 times/case of PLC showed that the coincidence rate between the outcomes derived from specialists with that from the additive model was 84.53 %, and with that from the additive-multificative model was 62.75 %, the difference between the two showed statistical significance (P<0.01)., Conclusions: It could be decided that the additive model is the principle model suitable for quantitative evaluation on the degree of TCM basic syndromes in patients with PLC.

Objective: To construct a system of therapeutic effect evaluation for patients with primary liver cancer according to the theory of syndrome differentiation in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), and to examine its reliability., Methods: Analytic hierarchy process and 100 mm surveyor's rod method were applied to obtain bottom layer and top level syndromes, which were used to construct the method of therapeutic effect evaluation, and its reliability was verified in clinical practice by comparing with some evaluation criteria in Western medicine, such as cancer severity scale; Karnofsky performance scale; Child-Pugh classification, cancer staging classification, and quality of life scale, etc., Results: A system of therapeutic effect evaluation was constructed, and it could reflect the progress of tumor, changes of hepatic function and constitution. The evaluation scores acquired from the system were highly associated with the quality of life of the patients., Conclusion: The system of therapeutic effect evaluation can reflect the severity of disease and the characteristics of TCM treatment.

Objective: To observe the impacts of doxapram on anesthetic efficacy and respiratory and circulatory functions during anesthesia with remifentanil given by target-controlled infusion (TCI) combined with propofol in painless artificial abortion., Methods: A total of 120 ASA I women requiring voluntarily painless artificial abortion were randomized into two equal groups. One group was given remifentanil by TCI at 2 ng/ml and propofol 1mg/kg (group I), and the other given remifentanil by TCI, propofol, and doxapram 0.6 mg/kg (group II). The anesthetic efficacy and respiratory and circulatory suppression during anesthesia were observed., Results: Both of the two groups showed satisfactory anesthetic efficacy with comparable the BIS values (P>0.05). No significant difference was noted in the induction time and awaking time between the two groups (P>0.05), but group I had more serious respiratory and circulatory depression than group II (P<0.05)., Conclusion: Doxapram may attenuate respiratory and circulatory depression during anesthesia with remifentanil given by TCI combined with propofol in painless artificial abortion, and provide comparable anesthetic efficacy.

Background: To investigate epidemiology and HLA typing of highly exposed to HIV but persistently seronegative subjects (HEPS) in commercial blood donors in China., Methods: This was a cohort study for epidemiologic characteristics of highly exposed but persistently seronegative subjects. PCR with sequence-specific primer and PCR-SSP for HLA typing were applied., Results: Eight HEPS were identified. Compared HLA typing with seropositive couple, high frequency of HLA-a24, HLA-B40 genotyping was observed., Conclusion: Highly exposed to HIV but persistently seronegative subjects in commercial blood donors in China had high frequency of HLA-A24 and HLA-B40 genotype.

Objective: To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of serious pediatric airway obstruction., Methods: Seventy three pediatric cases with serious airway obstruction, admitted to Shantou hospital from 1995 to 2005, were analyzed retrospectively., Results: Among the 73 cases, 28 cases (38.4%) with inflammatory disease and 33 cases (45.2%) with foreign body. In addition, 8 cases of laryngeal papilloma, 3 cases of laryngotracheobronchial spasm and 1 case of pharyngeal dysembryoma were also included in this study. The patients who had endotracheal intubation or tracheotomy were 39 cases (53.4%) and 27 cases (36.9%) respectively. Ten cases received non-surgery treatment. Seventy two cases diagnosis was confirmed and the related serious airway obstruction condition got stable within 12 hours. While serious complications occurred in 23 cases (31.5%) and operative complications occurred in 3 cases (4.1%). Four cases ( 5.5%) died and 68 cases (93.2%) were cured. One case refused to be treated., Conclusions: The condition of serious pediatric airway obstruction patients is usually critical, the related causes could be complicated, quick diagnosis and timely removal of the obstruction factors are imperative.

Objective: By means of phage-display technique, to screen polypeptides that specifically bind to human gastric cancer with high metastatic potential to peritoneum., Methods: Two human gastric cancer cell lines were used: GC9811-P with high metastatic potential to peritoneum and its wild type parental GC9811, to carry out subtractive screening with a phage display-12 peptide library., Results: After three rounds of screening, 40 phage clones bond to GC9811-P cells were randomly selected. When injected into the peritoneal cavity of nude mice, 6 of the 40 clones did not bind to mouse peritoneum as examined by immunohistochemical staining. They were considered to be capable of binding specifically to GC9811-P cells. Sequence analysis revealed two different exogenous peptides: TLNINRLILPRT and SMSI(X)SPYI(XXX)., Conclusion: Two peptides have been obtained that specifically bind to a gastric cancer cell variant GC9811-P, which easily disseminates to the peritoneum. Whether or not they could block GC9811-P metastasis to peritoneum in vivo remains to be determined.

Objective: To work out a qualitative diagnostic criterion for basic syndromes of traditional Chinese medicine in patients with primary liver cancer., Methods: Based on the collection and analysis of related medical literature, clinical investigation, and experts' discussion, a preliminary qualitative diagnostic criterion for basic syndromes of traditional Chinese medicine in patients with primary liver cancer was formulated. Then it was used in clinic to be verified and revised repeatedly till it was improved to be a satisfied formal criterion., Results: The basic syndromes listed in the qualitative diagnostic criterion for basic syndromes in patients with primary liver cancer consisted of two parts: excessive syndromes, including the syndromes of stagnation of qi, blood stasis, excess-heat and dampness, and deficient syndromes, including the syndromes of deficiency of qi, deficiency of blood, deficiency of yin and deficiency of yang. Each of the above syndromes could be diagnosed according to specific combination of its corresponding symptoms or signs. The clinical verification results showed that the total matching ratio was 73.92% between the diagnoses made according to the criterion and the diagnoses acquired from the experts' experience., Conclusions: The qualitative diagnostic criterion for basic syndromes of traditional Chinese medicine in patients with primary liver cancer is coincident with the experts' clinical practice. However, it needs to be further studied.

Objective: To investigate the correlation between expression of the osteopontin (OPN) and invasion and metastases in gastric cancer., Methods: The expression of OPN, NF-kappaB p65 and matrix metallo-proteinase 9 (MMP-9) was detected by immunohistochemistry in non-cancer gastric tissue (n = 12 cases) and gastric cancer tissue (n = 72 cases)., Results: (1) OPN, NF-kappaB p65 and MMP-9 were not expressed in 12 non-cancer gastric tissue samples(group A). Their expression rates were 43.3%, 40.0% and 46.7% respectively in 30 gastric cancer samples without lymph nodes metastasis (group B), but they increased to 76.9%, 73.1% and 80.8% in 26 gastric cancer samples with lymph nodes metastases (group C), and 87.5%, 81.3% and 93.8% respectively in 16 gastric cancer samples with lymph node and distant metastases (group D). (2) There were statistically significant differences in their expressions between group D and group B (P(a) = 0.004, P(c) = 0.007, P(e) = 0.002), and between group C and group B (P(b) = 0.011, P(d) = 0.013, P(f) = 0.009). (3) Despite some differences in positive expression rates, correlations existed between OPN and NF-kappaB p65, and between NF-kappaB p65 and MMP-9 (P(1) = 0.042, P(2) = 0.013; r(1)= 0.67, r(2)= 0.72)., Conclusion: Osteopondin espression is closely related to the invasion and metastases of gastric cancer. It may upregulate the expression of metastasis-related molecule MMP-9 by activating NF-kappaB pathway.

Objective: To study the chemical constituents of hybridized Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis., Method: The chemical constituents were isolated by silica column chromatography and their structures were identified by physical and chemical eveidences and spectral analysis (IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, 2D-NMR, MS)., Result: Seven compounds were obtained and identified as (20S,25S)5alpha, 14alpha, 17beta-cevanine-6beta-hydroxy-3-one (hupehenirine, ZF1), (20S,25S)5alpha, 14alpha, 17beta-cevanine-3beta-hydroxy-6-one (hupehenizine, ZF2), (20R,25S)5alpha, 14alpha-cevanine-3beta,20beta-dihydroxy-6-one (peiminine, verticinone, ZF3), (20S,25S)5alpha, 14alpha, 17beta-cevanine-3beta, 6beta-dihydroxy (hupehenine, ZF4), (20R,25S)5alpha, 14alpha-cevanine-3beta, 6beta, 20beta-trihydroxy (isoverticine, ZF5), (20R,25S)5alpha, 14alpha-cevanine-3beta, 6alpha, 20beta-trihydroxy (peimine, verticine, ZF6), (20S,25S)5alpha, 14alpha, 17beta-evanine-6beta-hydroxy-3beta-O-beta-D-glucoside (hupeheninoside, ZF7)., Conclusion: Compounds ZF1-7 were isolated from hybridized Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis for the first time.

Objective: To investigate the possible role of IkappaB kinase-beta (IKK-beta), the pathogenesis of hepatic injury induced by resuscitation of hemorrhagic shock and endotoxin, and to evaluate the preventive effect of anisodamine (654-2)., Methods: Twenty-seven rabbits were randomly divided into the normal group, hemorrhagic shock plus endotoxin group and 654-2 treatment group. The expression of IKK-beta, activity of the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) in Kupffer cells (KC) and the concentration of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in the culture supernatant were measured by in situ hybridization (ISH), electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and enzyme linked immunoadsorbent analysis (ELISA), respectively. The pathological changes in the hepatic tissue were examined with light microscope., Results: Compared with the normal group, the expression of IKK-beta (0.21+/-0.03), the activity of NF-kappaB (2.29+/-0.25) in KC, and the level of TNF-alpha[(560.21+/-31.04) ng/L] in the culture supernatant of KC were obviously increased after hemorrhagic shock and endotoxin(all P<0.01 ). 654-2 treatment could significantly inhibit the expression of IKK-beta (0.14+/-0.03) and the activity of NF-kappaB (1.35+/-0.17) in KC, decrease the content of TNF-alpha [(300.79+/-23.47) ng/L] in the culture supernatant of KC in rabbits with hemorrhagic shock plus endotoxin challenge (all P<0.01 ),and alleviate hepatic injury as observed by histological examination., Conclusion: IKK-beta expression in KC could be enhanced after hemorrhagic shock and endotoxin, and it might play an important role in the development and progression of hepatic injury following hemorrhagic shock and endotoxin. 654-2 could inhibit IKK-beta expression, decrease NF-kappaB activation and cytokine secretion in KC after hemorrhagic shock followed by resuscitation and endotoxin. The inhibition of IKK-beta expression might be a protective mechanism for hepatic injury.