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Objective To explore the relationship of aniseikonia with differences of diopter and axial length in myopia patients, and the possible factors causing aniseikonia. Methods A total of 322 myopia patients (4~40 years old) were selected from May to August, 2021, who underwent optometry in the Ophthalmology Outpatient Department of the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College. ARK-510A autorefractor and Dk-700 optometry system were used for optometry. IOL-Master 700 was used for the measurement of axial length. Aniseikonia were evaluated by binocular aniseikonia test. Gender, age, diopter (sphericity, cylindricity and spherical equivalent), axial length and range of aniseikonia were recorded. Spearman test, chi-square test and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the aniseikonia with the differences of diopter and axial length. At the same time, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the differences of diopter and axial length was drawn for aniseikonia. Results A total of 322 patients (159 males and 163 females) were included, at an age of (17.77±7.69) years, and the overall prevalence rate of aniseikonia was 15.22% (49 cases). In univariate analysis, the absolute values of all parameter were included in the analysis, the differences of sphericity (r=0.449, P < 0.001), cylindricity (r=0.596, P < 0.001), spherical equivalent (r=0.479, P < 0.001) and axial length (r=0.417, P < 0.001) were all positively correlated with range of aniseikonia. Multivariate analysis indicated that the difference between cylindricity and spherical equivalent showed greater effect on the range of aniseikonia, and the regression equation was Y=0.009-0.626X1 (cylindrical difference)-0.22 X2 (spherical equivalent difference)(F=159.17, P < 0.001, adjusted R2=0.496). In the analysis of risk factors, when the difference of sphericity was more than -2.00 D, and that of cylindricity and spherical equivalent was more than -1.00 D, the risk of aniseikonia was increased. In the diagnostic analysis, the difference of cylindricity (AUC=0.778; 95%CI: 0.69~0.87; P < 0.001; sensitivity: 53.06%, specificity: 99.63%) had the highest value in the diagnosis of aniseikonia. Conclusion Anisometropia does not necessarily lead to aniseikonia. The difference between cylindricity and spherical equivalent is the key factor for aniseikonia, and great attention should be paid in clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Objective To investigate the change rules of lens by analyzing the relationship between lens morphology and axial length in adolescents. Methods A total of 285 adolescents (6~18 years old, 570 eyes) who visited our ophthalmological department from May to June 2020 were enrolled in this study. Diopter, axial length, keratometry and lens parameters were obtained by optometry after cycloplegia, optical biomimetry (IOL Master) and anterior segment optical coherence tomography (CASIA2), respectively. The subjects were divided into 3 age groups (6~10, 11~14 and 15~8 years), and were also assigned into 3 groups in accordance with their equivalent spherical specularity: hyperopia, emmetropia and myopia groups. One-way analysis of variance was adopted to compare lens parameters among different age and refractive groups, and their relationships with axial length were analyzed with Pearson correlation analysis and linear regression analysis. Results In different age groups, statistical differences were observed in the radius of anterior surface curvature and the diopter of lens (P < 0.05); And similar results were seen in above 2 parameters and in the thickness and diameter of lens among different refractive groups (P < 0.05). The curvature radius of the anterior and posterior surface, diopter, and thickness and diameter of lens were all significantly correlated with the axial length of eye in different age groups and refractive groups (P < 0.001). In the hyperopia, emmetropia and myopia groups, with the increase of every 1 mm in ocular axis, the radius of anterior surface curvature was increased by 1.19, 1.04 and 0.58 mm; the radius of posterior surface curvature was increased by 0.41, 0.38 and 0.30 mm, the diopter was decreased by 1.68 D, 1.44 D and 0.98 D; the thickness was reduced by 0.076, 0.091 and 0.059 mm, and the diameter increased by 0.3, 0.23 and 0.24 mm, respectively. Conclusion The disparity of lens parameters among different ages and refractive states in adolescents is mainly caused by the diversity of axial length. The morphological changes of the lens are coordinated with the growth of axial length, but the changes will be decreased with the growth

Brassica napus L. is an important oil crop. Salt stress is one of the major environmental conditions affecting the growth and development of B. napus, which may lead to yield reduction, quality deterioration, and even the death of B. napus. In this study, the B. napus semi-winter cultivar ZS11 was used as the experimental material to perform transcriptome sequencing on the leaf and root tissues with salt stress treatment (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h). The measured 90 RNA-seq data provided the high-resolution time dynamic transcriptional expression spectrum of rapeseed tissues responding to salt stress was obtained. Correlation analysis showed that the samples exhibited significant clustering differences in early response and late response before and after 1 h salt stress treatment. Using DESeq2 for differential gene analysis, we identified 20,462 and 29,334 differential genes for the response of root and leaf tissues, respectively, indicating that the overall response of leaf tissue in rapeseed was more severe than the root. Furthermore, WGCNA was used to construct gene co-expression networks for the salt stress response in root and leaf tissues, respectively, and tan and yellow modules were significantly related to the early response to salt stress, and green and red modules were significantly related to the late response to salt stress. GO enrichment analysis was then performed, and 41 and 26 core transcription factors responding to salt stress at the early and late stages, respectively, were selected from these networks. Functional annotation showed that the known Arabidopsis homologous genes involved in salt stress responses at different stages existed in all four modules, and core genes, such as BnWRKY46 and BnWRKY57, had abundant SNPs variation and haplotypes in 505 salt stress-treated rape population variation data, suggesting that these core transcription factors might be key candidate genes for rape salt stress response. This study provides a reliable data reference and candidate gene resources for improving salt tolerance in B. napus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brassica napus (oilseed rape) is the primary source of vegetable edible oil in China, playing an important role in ensuring and stabitity the safety of national edible oil supply. The growth and development of oilseed rape are frequently attacked by various pathogens, among which Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is generally considered one of the most economically damaging, widely studied and highly concerned diseases. This article refers to relevant research results, elaborates on the pathological cycle and pathogenic mechanism of S. sclerotiorum, summarizes the progress of resistant germplasms, defense-ralated genes and mechanisms in oilseed rape. Additionary, this review introduces the newly reporeted pathogenicity factors such as SsCP1; it contains breakthroughs in the creation of resistant germplasm inherited from Brassica species; multiple studies that found the co-localization of genetic loci controlling flowering time and resistance to S. sclerotiorum in oilseed rape; and the research reveals the molecular mechanism mediated by the WRKY28-WRKF33 module finely regulates defense strength of oilseed rape after being infected with S. sclerotiorum. This review also looks forward to future research on oilseed rape resistance against S. Sclerotiorum, with a focus on exploring resistant germplasm. It aims to provide a reference for the comprehensive control of S. sclerotiorum in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on genetic algorithm, consider all of the maximum hour, the emergency hour and the fire hour together for the first time, we build and realize optimal model for pipe size combination of water supply network by C++ platform. Proved by examples that compared with traditional single loading case optimization, checked with multiple loading cases after single loading case optimization, the computational efficiency is increased obviously. Especially for expansion and reorganization of the large-scale and complex water supply network, economic benefit is raised obviously too. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The physical meaning of Poisson's ratio is discussed. The relationships among the Poisson's ratio and the longitudinal and transverse stresses under uniaxial strain shock loadings, and the relationship between the Poisson's ratio and the sound velocity in quasi-elastic deformation region are presented. Poisson's ratios of LY12 aluminum alloy materials are calculated based on the sound velocities measured at shock pressures from 20 GPa to 131 GPa. It is found that, while the Poisson's ratios keep almost constant, i.e., 0.32, before shock-melting happens, it increases rapidly in the shock-melting solid-liquid mixed phase region and approachs the theoretical limit of Poisson's ratio, i.e., 0.5, as shock-melting completes, which may provide us a useful way for identifying the shock induced melting zone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the effects of Guipitang (GPT) on myocardial ischemic (MI) injury of rats. Methods: Forty male SD rats were randomly divided into five groups as control, model, GPT low-dose and high-dose groups (7.52, 15.04 g/kg), and positive-drug trimetazidine group (2 mg/kg). Rat myocardial ischemia model was induced by feeding high fat forage and intraperitoneal injection of isoprenaline (ISO). After 15 days intragastric administration, rats were injected with ISO once a day for 3 days again. Subsequently, Electrocardiograph (ECG) was examined, serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and glucose (GLU) were detected using an automatic biochemical analyzer. The histopathological alterations of heart were assessed using HE and Masson staining. The protein expressions of Collagen I and Collagen III in heart were evaluated by Western blot. Results: Compared with control group, the electrocardiogram S-T segment of model rats moved down, the serum levels of TC, AST, CK, LDH and GLU in model group were increased significantly ( P ＜0.05), the expressions of collagen I and collagen III in heart were increased ( P ＜0.05), and the hearts were damaged severely. However, no significant changes of TG, HDL-C, LDL-C and ALT were observed ( P ＞0.05). Compared with the model group, the high and low dose groups of GPT and trimetazidine could inhibit the descent of S-T segment, reduced serum TC, AST, CK, LDH and GLU levels ( P ＜0.05), and decreased collagen III expression in heart ( P ＜0.05), and alleviated myocardial pathological damage as well. The high dose group of GPT could decrease the protein expression of collagen I. Conclusion: GPT could improve heart function and alleviate the injury of myocardial ischemia, especially the high lose.

The pharmacological activity of active ingredients from Chinese medicine depends greatly on the microecological environment of probiotics in the human body. After effective ingredients from traditional Chinese medicines are metabolized or biotransformed by probiotics, their metabolites can increase pharmacological activity, and can be absorbed more easily to improve the bioavailability. Therefore, the combination of Chinese medicines with probiotics is the innovation point in R&D of functional food and Chinese medicines, and also a new thinking for the modernization of Chinese medicine.This review summarizes and analyses the research progress on metabolism effects of gut microbiota on Chinese medicines components, the regulating effect of effective ingredients from Chinese medicine on intestinal probiotics, the application status of probiotics in traditional Chinese medicines, and the main problems and prospects in the research and development of Chinese medicines products with probiotic, aiming to provide theoretical guidance and practical value for the fermentation engineering of Chinese herbal medicine., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

Objective: To study the time course of effect of methylene blue on inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA transcription and protein expression in lung tissue of rats with sepsis, and its mechanism., Methods: 126 female Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham group, sepsis group and methylene blue group. Each group was subdivided into 0-, 6-, 12-, 18-, 24-, 30-, and 36-hour subgroups according to the time after operation, with 6 rats in each subgroup. A model of sepsis was reproduced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), and the rats in sham group were only opened the abdominal cavity and isolated the membrane of the appendix without CLP. Rats in methylene blue group were given injection of 15 mg/kg methylene blue at all time points after CLP, the remaining rats were given 0.9%NaCl solution in same amount. Six hours after the injection, the rats were sacrificed and the lung tissue was harvested immediately. The expression of iNOS mRNA and protein in lung tissues were determined by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western Blot respectively, and the changes in histopathology were observed using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining., Results: Compared with sham group, the expression of iNOS mRNA was significantly up-regulated at 6, 12, 18 and 24 hours after CLP in sepsis group (2(-ΔΔCt): 2.42±0.66 vs. 1.00±0.38 at 6 hours, P = 0.002; 2.54±0.76 vs. 1.00±0.27 at 12 hours, P = 0.000; 5.46±2.26 vs. 1.00±0.38 at 18 hours, P = 0.000; 3.03±0.62 vs. 1.00±0.33 at 24 hours, P = 0.001), and iNOS protein expression was significantly up-regulated at 12, 18 and 24 hours (gray value: 2.54±0.45 vs. 1.00±0.35 at 12 hours, P = 0.000; 2.65±0.64 vs. 1.00±0.33 at 18 hours, P = 0.000; 3.03±0.59 vs. 1.00±0.24 at 24 hours, P = 0.000). Compared with sepsis group, the expression of iNOS mRNA was significantly down-regulated at 6, 12, 18 and 24 hours in methylene blue group (2(-ΔΔCt): 1.55±0.82 vs. 2.42±0.66 at 6 hours, P = 0.034; 1.84±0.42 vs. 2.54±0.76 at 12 hours, P = 0.016; 2.66±1.09 vs. 5.46±2.26 at 18 hours, P = 0.003; 2.20±0.29 vs. 3.03±0.62 at 24 hours, P = 0.002), and iNOS protein expression was significantly lowered at 12, 18 and 24 hours (gray value: 1.84±0.18 vs. 2.54±0.45 at 12 hours, P = 0.003; 1.87±0.27 vs. 2.65±0.64 at 18 hours, P = 0.008; 2.20±0.50 vs. 3.03±0.59 at 24 hours, P = 0.008). Histopathological observation showed that the degree of lung injury at each time point, including red blood cells effusion, lung interstitial edema, inflammatory cell infiltration, alveolar collapse etc., in sepsis group and methylene blue group were significantly higher than that of sham group, and the degree of lung injury in rats with methylene blue was not significantly improved as compared with that of sepsis group., Conclusions: Lung iNOS mRNA expression was significantly increased at 6-24 hours after CLP induced sepsis in rat, and protein expression was increased at 12-24 hours. Methylene blue could inhibit mRNA transcription and protein expression of iNOS in lung of septic rat, but failed to reduce the degree of lung injury in sepsis.

The occurrence of taste and odors, produced by secondary metabolites of cyanobacteria, has been one of the major water quality problems in drinking water. However, the odorous compounds produced by cyanobacteria usually differ significantly with different species. One cyanobacterium isolated from Yanghe reservoir was identified as Anabaena sp., which can produce high level of geosmin consistently during laboratory culture. By culture expanding experiments, the algal growth and geosmin production characteristics of the Anabaena sp. were studied on different conditions of nitrogen and phosphorus sources. The results indicated that geosmin mainly remained in the intracellular algal cells regardless of the nutrient sources, and the extracellular content was only in th range of 0.2% - 9.6%. Compared with ammonia nitrogen conditions, the growth of Anabaena sp. in nitrate nitrogen conditions was much higher, with a 1.4-fold variation in geosmin production. While ammonia nitrogen concentration was 0.5 mg/L, the algal biomass and geosmin production achieved the highest level of 3.8 x 10(4) cells, mL(-1) and 1.1 x 10(4) ngL(-1), respectively. When the nitrate nitrogen concentration was 2.0 mg/L, the algal biomass and geosmin production achieved the highest level of 6.6 x 10(4) cells x mL(-1) and 1.3 x 10(4) ng x L(-1), respectively. Compared with nitrogen sources, the growth of Anabaena sp. could be promoted significantly until phosphorus level attained 0.12 mg/L, indicating that phosphorus is the main limiting nutrient source for Anabaena sp.. For Yanghe reservoir, the nutrient level has already been enough for the growth of Anabaena sp. Therefore, the nutrient source content, especially phosphorus, should be reduced effectively to control the cyanobacterium bloom and taste and odor problems.

Objective: To evaluate the correlation of collateral circulation with prognosis in patients with acute cerebral infarction., Methods: A total of 260 patients with acute ischemic stroke within 1 week of symptom onset underwent digital subtraction angiogram (DSA). The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores were obtained at admission. And the Modified Rankin scores (mRS) were assessed at a 3-month follow-up. The follow-up data were acquired through clinic visits or telephone interviews., Results: Among them, 86 were found to have intra- or extra-cranial culprit artery severe stenosis or occlusion. And 36 (75.00%) in 48 patients had collateral arterial circulation while 11 (28.64%) in 38 patients posterior circulation. There were statistical differences in the NIHSS scores at admission and favorite clinical outcome (mRS ≤ 2) at 3-month follow-up for patients with and without collateral circulation., Conclusion: DSA is the golden standard for the assessment of collateral circulation in patients with severe cerebral artery stenosis or occlusion. The prognosis is better in stroke patients with collateral circulation.

Objective and Method: To retrospectively summarize the pathological features and management of small bowel diverticula of in 32 cases., Results: Complications of small bowel diverticula were effectively treated surgically with good short-term and long-term clinical outcomes. The diverticulum found during the abdominal operation should be treated in time. The complications from the small intestine diverticulum included inflammation, bleeding, stone, perforation and bowel obstruction which arised from the stagnation, impaction, and friction of the contents in the diverticulum or from adhesion zone of long diveritculum. The complications were closely related to the histology of diverticular wall, the type of heterotopic tissue of diverticular mucosa, morphology of the diverticulum and contents in the diverticulum., Conclusion: The complications of small bowel diverticulum are the rare cause of acute abdomen which would be surgically treated effectively.

Objective: To preliminarily evaluate the immunity and safety of the recombinant adenoviruses expressing rotavirus structural proteins VP7 and VP6 in rhesus monkeys to lay a foundation for the development of novel genetic engineering vaccine against rotavirus., Methods: Baby monkeys were immunized with the recombinant adenoviruses intranasally or orally. Serum IgG against rotavirus was measured with ELISA. During the course of the immunization, besides the daily monitoring of body temperature, weight and clinical symptoms, the routine blood and urine tests and liver and kidney function tests were also conducted., Results: Monkeys immunized via intranasal or oral routes could both generate serum IgG against rotavirus. During the immunization, the temperature of monkeys was normal and body weight raise stably. Both routine blood and urine tests and liver and kidney function tests showed no significant alteration compared with the control group., Conclusion: The immunization with the recombinant adenoviruses expressing rotavirus antigens is able to induce rotavirus specific efficient immune responses and is safe to baby rhesus monkeys. The preliminary results implied that the recombinant adenoviruses could be an ideal vaccine for rotavirus and lay a foundation for further studies.