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Background Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is essential for assessing the maximal exercise capacity of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and for developing rehabilitation prescriptions. Body composition has been shown to be associated with CPET results, which is complex, time-consuming, contraindicated, and risky, and cannot be performed in some COPD patients, whereas body composition analysis is simple and fast. Objective This paper focuses on the correlation between body composition and CPET in patients with COPD, and provides a basis for predicting maximal exercise capacity, formulating rehabilitation prescriptions, and rational nutritional support for patients with COPD who are unable to complete cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Methods Stable COPD patients were enrolled in the outpatient respiratory clinic of China-Japan Friendship Hospital between July 2021 and March 2022, and were sequentially subjected to body composition measurements and CPET with continuous incremental loading, and the test results were analyzed to assess the relationship between body composition and CPET results, and to analyze the value of the body composition indexes in predicting the results of CPET. Results Seventy-seven eligible patients with stable COPD completed body composition measurement and exercise cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Correlation analysis showed that body fat percentage (BFP) was negatively correlated with peak metabolic equivalents (peakMETs) (P

Objective To investigate the effect of tumor-infiltrating B cells on the therapeutic efficacy of programmed death ligand-1 [PD-(L)1] inhibitors and elucidate the potential mechanisms. Methods Based on immunotherapy cohorts for melanoma patients in public databases, the relationship of B cells with progression-free survival (PFS) and response to immune checkpoint inhibitors treatment was analyzed. TC-1 and B16-OVA cells were implanted subcutaneously and in the liver in 6-8-week-old female C57BL/6 mice to establish tumor xenograft models. The effect of B cell clearance on PD-(L)1 therapy was compared. Flow cytometry was performed on the 15th day of TC-1 tumor microenvironment (TME) to confirm the number, function and phenotypic changes of T cells. Flow cytometry and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) were used to detect B cell surface molecules and cytokines. Results Based on ERP105482 data from the ICBatlas public database, high CD19 expression in the tumors was associated with longer PFS in melanoma patients (753 vs 95 d, HR=0.3, 95%CI: 0.13~0.65, P=0.003). B cells were significantly enriched in immunotherapy-responsive patients (P=0.01). In a mouse TC-1 liver-loaded tumor model, PD-(L)1 antibody treatment reduced tumor mass (P < 0.01), whereas B-cell clearance attenuated the therapeutic efficacy. B cells enhanced PD-(L)1 antibody treatment by promoting T cell infiltration and function, and the treatment resulted in changes in B cell subsets, as evidenced by an increase in PD-1 low-expressing subsets (P < 0.01). Conclusion After PD-(L)1 treatment, a decrease in PD-1 expression on B cell subsets might be one of the potential mechanisms by which B cells enhance the efficacy of PD-(L)1 therapy.

Gastric precancerous lesions (GPL) are a special histopathological stage before the occurrence of gastric cancer. Effective treatment of GPL is the key to preventing its progression to gastric cancer. GPL has a high level of inflammation in gastric mucosa, and a large number of inflammatory cells, inflammatory factors and inflammatory mediators are metabolized at a high level, which increases oxygen consumption and leads to the formation of a hypoxia microenvironment in gastric mucosa at the GPL stage, which is conducive to the initiation of mitochondrial autophagy and glucose metabolism reprogramming. As a conserved biological process, mitochondrial autophagy exists in various tissues and cells of the body. It can form autophagosome to wrap mitochondria with damaged functions and bind with lysosomes to digest and reuse target mitochondria. Appropriate autophagy level can prevent excessive proliferation of GPL heterotype cells and inhibit the progress of GPL. However, mitochondrial autophagy activity is inhibited during the course of GPL, and the activity of glycometabolic reprogramming into glycolysis is increased during GPL. Glycolysis is a way of energy metabolism in the hypoxia state of cells, which can accelerate the energy supply of cells and the proliferation of abnormal cells, and thus accelerate the deterioration of GPL. Some evidences suggest that there may be a mutually restricting relationship between mitochondrial autophagy and glycolysis reprogramming. The inhibition of autophagy in GPL can increase glycolysis activity on the one hand, while the increase of autophagy inhibits glycolysis activity on the other hand. At present, the specific relationship and mechanism of autophagy and glycolysis are not clear, however, the complex pathological environment of GPL gastric mucosa composed of hypoxia, bacterial infection, inflammation, oxidative stress, activation disorder of signal molecules and other factors may be the key to the low autophagy level and high glycolysis activity. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), which is involved in hypoxia adaptation, is stably expressed in gastric mucosa at the GPL stage and acts as a switch to initiate autophagy and glycolysis. However, HIF-1α seems to be more involved in the regulation of glycolysis in the pathological process of GPL. The cause of this change may be related to the above-mentioned pathological factors. H. pylori infection, activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway and other factors inhibit autophagy. However, the continuous accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) after autophagy inhibition and the aggravation of inflammation caused by H. pylori infection can promote a series of signal interactions and synergies among nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-Κb), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways, and thus indirectly affect HIF-1α to promote glycolysis or directly improve glycolysis level. HIF-1α may be more involved in the activation of glycolysis due to the regulation of GPL pathological microenvironment and its upstream complex signals, thus unable to fully activate BNIP-3 mediated hypoxia-initiated autophagy, leading to the down-regulation or inhibition of autophagy level, and the inhibition of autophagy indirectly promotes the improvement of glycolysis level, forming a vicious cycle, and ultimately leading to the deterioration of GPL. This article reviewed the research progress of hypoxia-induced mitochondrial autophagy and glucose metabolism reprogramming in gastric precancerous lesions.

Ceming (...) is the genre of text used by the king of the Zhou Dynasty at the investiture ceremonies, which was usually held at the ancestry temple. Serving as the document of investiture, the text should be witnessed and announced by some influential court officials such as binzhe(...) , neishi(...), and yinshi(...). Having developed into a stable genre, the ceming text in the Zhou Dynasty mainly consisted of the following three parts: why this investiture should take place; what was conferred; and what the beneficiary was expected to do. The wording of ceming text is sincere, refined, and natural, making a classical model for the later generations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To understand the fast plasma glucose (FPG) level and the epidemiologic characteristics of diabetes in ethnic Han residents of Guizhou province., Methods: The survey was conducted among the ethnic Han residents aged 20-80 years, who were selected through multi stage cluster sampling in Guizhou. Basic laboratory test, physical examination were performed for each subject., Results: A total of 2 967 subjects were surveyed. The average FPG level was 5.21 mmol/L for urban residents and 5.03 mmol/L for rural residents, (P<0.001) and the average FPG level was higher in males than in females (5.23 mmol/L vs. 5.09 mmol/L, P=0.003). The FPG level increased with age (P<0.001). In urban residents, the standardized prevalence of diabetes was 6.01% (crude prevalence: 7.45%), higher in males than in females (P<0.001) and increased with age. In rural residents, the standardized prevalence of diabetes was 3.47% (crude prevalence: 3.77%) and increased with age, but there was no sex specific difference in diabetes prevalence. The awareness rate of self diabetes status was 56.59%, the treatment rate was 84.47% and the plasma glucose control rate was 41.38%. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that risk factors for diabetes included being male, older than 40 years, family history of diabetes, frequent physical exercise, hypertension, high triglycerid level., Conclusion: The prevalence of diabetes was high in ethnic Han residents in Guizhou, the differences in diabetes prevalence between urban area and rural area was statistical significant. More than half of the patients' FPG level had not been under control after treatment. The awareness rate of self diabetes status, the treatment rate and the control rate of diabetes should be improved.

Column chromatographies over silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, reverse phase C18, and MCI, and semi-preparative HPLC were used for separation and purification of constituents from Inula cappa. The 22 compounds were obtained and their strutures were determined by NMR and MS spectra data as nine flavonoids: luteolin (1), apigenin (2), chrysoeriol (3), artemetin (4), 2', 5-di- hydroxy-3, 6, 7, 4', 5'-pentamethoxyflavone (5), chrysosplenol C (6), apigenin-5-0-β-D-glucopyranoside (7), luteolin-3-methyl, luteolin-3-methylether-4'-0-β-D-glucopyranoside (8), luteolin-4'-0-β-D-glucopyranoside (9); four triterpenes: darma-20, 24-dien- 3β-0-acetate (10), darma-20, 24-dien-3β-ol (11), epirfiedelanol (12), friedelin (13); three coumarins: scopoletin (14) , isosco- poletin (15) , scopolin(16) , and other types of compounds stigmasta-5, 22-dien-3β-0-7-one (17), stigmasterol (18), palmitic acid (19), linoleic acid (20), linoleic acid methyl ester (21), (E) -9, 12, 13-trihydroxyoetadee-10-enoie acid (22). Compound 5 is a new natural product. Compounds 3-9, 15, 17, 21, and 22 were isolated from this genus for the first time.

Objective: To identify the risk factors which will indicate the Pneumocystis carinii (Pc) infection in children with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and investigate the clinical features and to elevate the level to find out the high-risk patients and make early diagnosis and treatment., Method: The characteristics, clinical features, laboratory examinations, treatment and prognosis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in children with SLE under 18 years of age treated in our hospital between January 2000 and January 2013 were prospectively reviewed. A comparison was made with the 26 cases of SLE children without PCP who were matched for gender, age and course, and a literature review was made., Results: (1) Five cases were enrolled, 3 were male and 2 female. Their age range was 13-17 (14.0 ± 1.6) years. All the children had kidney involvement. The courses were from 3 months to 4.5 years. All patients were receiving daily glucocorticoid therapy and immunosuppressive drugs before the diagnosis of PCP.Four patients were in the inactive phase of SLE (SLEDAI 2-4 points), and the fifth case was in active phase (SLEDAI 8, low complement 2 points, anti-dsDNA antibody positive 2 points, urine-protein 4 points). (2) Besides the clinical manifestations of SLE, most patients had progressive dyspnea, fever and dry cough at onset of PCP. Two children accepted mechanical ventilation because of respiratory failure. The mean duration of the symptoms to diagnosis was 10-30 (17.6 ± 7.8) days. Lactose dehydrogenase (LDH) was elevated more or less, median was (700 ± 263) U/L. Lymphocyte count were (0.3-1.4)×10(9)/L (median 0.5×10(9)/L), and three children had CD4 T lymphocyte count <0.3×10(9)/L. Arterial blood gas analyses showed severe hypoxemia. Chest radiographs showed in all cases diffuse interstitial infiltration. Pc was positive in the sputum. All patients were treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and corticosteroids., Conclusion: When SLE children are treated with corticosteroids and immunosuppressive drugs, low lymphocyte count is the risk factor for Pc infection.It is essential to monitor lymphocyte count.We should pay more attention to fever, dry cough and hypoxemia. Chest radiologic examination may help diagnose the PCP in SLE children.It may be helpful for SLE children whose CD4T lymphocyte was below 0.3×10(9)/L to take trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for PCP prophylaxis.

The actin-depolymerizing factor 4 gene (ADF4) of Arabidopsis thaliana was cloned and sequenced (Figs.1, 2). The plant expression vector with ADF4 was constructed and transformed into tobacco by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Molecular identification showed that the ADF4 gene was integrated into the genome of tobacco and expressed in transgenic tobaccos assayed by PCR and RT-PCR (Fig.3). Expression of an Arabidopsis thaliana ADF4 gene in tobacco resulted in morphological change of plants. The effects of ADF4 on transgenic tobaccos growth were as follows: the hypocotyls of transgenic plants were wavy, especially in darkness, whereas those of the control were straight (Fig.4A); the root hairs of transgenic plants were less than the control, and they were also wavy (Fig.4B); the parenchyma cells of transgenic plants were larger than the control and the arrangement of vascular bundle was out of order (Fig.4C); the flowering time of T(2) line was at least 7 days later than the control; the pollen tubes of transgenic plants were shorter than those of the control (Fig.4D).