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Duan Yu-cai established seventeen archaic Chinese rhyme categories. He combined Qibu into Qinbu, and combined Hebu into Tanbu. ShiJing has not illustrations of Yangsheng rhyme category rhymed by Yingsheng rhyme category but he all the same combined Qibu into Qinbu,and combined Hebu into Tanbu. This is incorrect obviously. Oppositely, some characters of Qinbu and some characters of Qibu are phonetic indicators of each other, and some characters of Tanbu and some characters of Hebu are phonetic indicators of each other. The imbalance is worthy of studing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There are incresing lung cancer patients detected and diagnosed at the intermediate stage when the pre-malignant or early lesions are amenable to resection and cure, owing to the progress of medical technology, the renewal of detection methods, the popularity of medical screening and the improvement of social health consciousness. The aim of this study is to investigate the risk factors of the occurrence of postoperative cardio-pulmonary complications in stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, based on routine laboratory tests, basic characteristics, and intraoperative variables in hospital., Methods: The 421 patients after lobectomy in patients with stage I NSCLC at the West China Hospital of Sichuan University from January 2012 to December 2013 were included into the study and stratified into complication group and non-complication group, according to whether to occur postoperative cardio-pulmonary complications after lobectomy in 30 days., Results: Of them, 64 (15.2%) patients were finally identified and selected into the complication group, compared with 357 (84.8%) in non-complication group: pneumonia (8.8%, 37/421) was the primary complication, and other main complications included atelectasis (5.9%, 25/421), pleural effusion (≥middle) (5.0%, 21/421), persistent air leak (3.6%, 15/421); The operation time (P=0.007), amount of blood loss (P=0.034), preoperative chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (P=0.027), white blood cell (WBC) count (P<0.001), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (P<0.001) were significantly different between the two groups. According to the binary logistics regression analysis, preoperative COPD (OR=0.031, 95%CI: 0.012-0.078, P<0.001) and WBC count (OR=1.451, 95%CI: 1.212-1.736, P<0.001) were independent risk factors for postoperative cardio-pulmonary complications., Conclusions: Among an array of clinical variables in hospital, operation time, preoperative white blood cell count, preoperative COPD, may be the independent risk factors of the occurrence of postoperative cardio-pulmonary complications.

Background and Objective: Post-operation management of minimally invasive thoracic surgery is similar to that of open surgery, especially on the drainage tube of the chest. The aim of this study is to compare the advantages of using 16 F versus 28 F chest tubes in video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) lobectomy of lung cancer., Methods: Data from 163 patients (February-May 2014) who underwent VATS lobectomy of lung cancer with insertion of one chest drain (16 F or 28 F) were analyzed. The following post-operative data were evaluated: primary healing of tube incision, CXR abnormalities (pneumothorax, fluid, atelectasis, subcutaneous emphysema, and hematoma), drainage time, new drain insertion, and wound healing at the site of insertion., Results: A total of 75 patients received 28 F chest tubes, and 88 patients received 16 F chest tubes. Both groups were similar in age, gender, comorbidities, and pathological evaluation of resection specimens. After adjustment, no statistically significant difference was found between the two groups in relation to tube-related complications including residual pneumothoraces (4.00% vs 4.44%; P=0.999), subcutaneous emphysema (8.00% vs 6.67%; P=0.789), retained hemothorax (0 vs 41%, P=0.253), and drainage time [(28.4±16.12) h vs (22.1±11.8) h; P=0.120)] The average total drainage volume and rrhythmia rates of the 16 F group [(365±106) mL, 14.67%)] was less than that of the 28 F group [(665±217) mL, 4.5%; P=0.030, P=0.047]. The rates of primary healing at the site of insertion in the 16 F group (95.45%) was higher than that in the 28 F group (77.73%, P=0.039). A significant difference was found on the post-operative length of stay of the two groups [(4.23±0.05) d vs (4.57±0.16) d, P=0.078]., Conclusions: The use of 16 F chest tube for VATS lobectomy of patients with lung cancer did not affect the clinically relevant outcomes tested. However, 16 F chest tube facilitated faster wound healing at the site of insertion.
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Background and Objective: Diagnostic modes may play an important role in treatments, but minimal information is available regarding their relationship in patients with lung cancer. This study may contribute to decision making in clinics and public health centers., Methods: The records of 505 hospitalized surgical patients with lung cancer at the Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University from January 2013 to December 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were categorized into physical examination group (PEG, 131 patients) and symptomatic group (SG, 374 patients). Surgical approach, pathological stage, and diagnostic mode were analyzed., Results: Low-dose computed tomography (46.6%, 61/131) and computed radiography (51.1%, 67/131) were used as key diagnosis methods in 131 patients in PEG. The percentage of hospitalized surgical patients with lung cancer detected via physical examination in the city (35.4%, 80/229) was also significantly higher than in the township (18.1%, 50/276) (P<0.001). The ratio of stage I lung cancer detected via physical examination in the city (46.8%, 59/126) was significantly higher than that in the township (27.3%, 33/121) (P=0.001). The proportion of patients who underwent VATS lobectomy was significantly higher in PEG (73.3%, 96/131) than that in SG (44.4%, 166/374) (P<0.001), and the ratio of patients at stage I was significantly higher in PEG (70.2%, 92/131) than that in SG (41.4%, 155/374) (P<0.001)., Conclusions: The use of physical examination is more prevalent in cities than that in towns, and its combination with mini-invasive surgical treatment contributes to early diagnosis of patients with lung cancer.

Tumor microenvironment is closely related to tumor progression. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are specialized fibroblasts domesticated by cancer cells surrounding them. CAFs are one of the most important components in cancer microenvironment. CAFs extensively involved in tumor genesis, tumor invasion and metastasis. Compared to NFs, CAFs also have a different metabolism type. CAFs use glycolysis to produce lactate for cancer cells. That is, CAFs turn to a metabolism type named "reverse Warburg effect" to promote tumor progression. In the present study, we summarized that: (1) Characteristics and metabolic type of CAFs; (2) The research status of the metabolism of CAFs; (3) The potential mechanism of CAFs metabolism; (4) The relation between metabolic alteration in CAFs and lung cancer progression; (5) Relationship between CAFs metabolism and lung cancer prognosis and therapy.

Objective: To explore the synergetic effect of norcantharidin (NCTD) and adriamycin (ADR) on the proliferation and apoptosis of multiple myeloma (MM) cells., Methods: Human MM cell line U266 cells were treated with NCTD alone (10 µmol/L) or in combination with ADR (0.25 µmol/L). MTT and Annexin V/PI staining were used to determine cell viability and apoptosis. The protein expression of nuclear factor-κB P65 (NF-κB P65), phosphorylated NF-κB p65 (p-NF-κB p65), NF-κB P65 inhibitor IκBα, phosphorylated IκBα (p-IκBα), survivin, Bcl-2 and Bax were determined by Western blot. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)., Results: (1) NCTD potentiated the cytotoxicity and pro-apoptotic effects induced by ADR. The combination of NCTD and ADR had synergistic anti-proliferation effect. (2) Combination of ADR and NCTD downregulated the expression of nuclear NF-κB P65 and cytoplasm p-IκBα induced by ADR. The expression of nuclear NF-κB P65 and cytoplasm p-IκBα decreased from 2.08 ± 0.29 and 0.39 ± 0.07 to 0.48 ± 0.08 and 0.02 ± 0.01 respectively, while the expression of the cytoplasm NF-κB P65 and IκBα were unchanged in the ADR alone group and the combined group. (3) The expression of survivin and bcl-2 decreased from 0.31 ± 0.05 and 0.23 ± 0.05 to 0.03 ± 0.02 and 0.05 ± 0.02, while the expression of Bax increased from 0.46 ± 0.06 to 0.62 ± 0.08 respectively in ADR alone group and combined group. (4) The positive rate of VEGF in ADR group and combination group were (44.6 ± 4.4)% and (27.0 ± 2.1)% respectively, indicating that NCTD could potentiate the inhibition effect on VEGF induced by ADR., Conclusions: The results suggest that NCTD can potentialize the chemosensitivity of multiple myeloma cells to ADR through regulating NF-κB/IκBα signaling pathway and NF-κB-regulated gene products including survivin, Bcl-2, Bax and VEGF.

Objective: To evaluate the value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in displaying the parotid gland segments of the facial nerve., Methods: Sixteen volunteers (9 males and 7 females) and 132 surgically confirmed patients with parotid tumors locating in the deep or shallow lobe of the parotid gland (including 89 with benign and 43 with malignant tumors) underwent MRI using T1WI and T2WI. The transverse images were obtained with the plane tilted 35 degrees to the foot, and the coronal images were acquired using conventional scanning., Results: On transverse T1WI, the parotid gland segments of the facial nerve displayed low signal with arc-shaped curve in the cross-section, showing a symmetrical dot-like low signal in the coronal plane. The facial nerve in 63% of the patients with parotid tumors in the cross-section could be displayed, but in the coronal plane the proportion reached 83%. MRI could accurately reveal the position of the parotid tumors in the deep or shallow lobe of the parotid gland., Conclusion: MRI can show the major portion of the parotid gland segments of the facial nerve and has important value in locating the parotid tumors and displaying the relationship between the tumor and facial nerve.

Objective: To investigate the effects of Yiniao Recipe, a compound traditional Chinese herbal medicine, on contents of serum antidiuretic hormone, and plasma cyclic adenosine monophosphate and cyclic guanosine monophosphate in rats with kidney-yang deficiency., Methods: Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into blank control group, untreated group, desmopressin (Minirin) group, low-dose Yiniao Recipe group and high-dose Yiniao Recipe group, with 8 rats in each group. Rats in the blank control group were injected with 0.2 mL normal saline, and rats in the other groups were given intramuscular injection of hydrocortisone 25 mg/kg, 1 time daily for 21 consecutive days; from the 8th day of injection, rats were given double distilled water, Minirin, and high- and low-dose Yiniao Recipe respectively for 30 days. Before and after treatment, 24-hour urine volume was observed, and serum antidiuretic hormone (AVP) as well as plasma cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) contents were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The cAMP/cGMP ratio and morphological changes in renal tissues were also observed., Results: Compared with blank control group, 24-hour urine volume, serum AVP content and cAMP/cGMP ratio in the untreated group were decreased; compared with the untreated group, Minirin and Yiniao Recipe at low and high doses reduced 24-hour urine volume and increased serum AVP content and cAMP/cGMP ratio significantly (P<0.05 or P<0.01). There were no obvious pathological changes in renal tissue in all groups., Conclusion: Yiniao Recipe may reduce 24-hour urine volume by increasing serum AVP content and regulating the ratio of cAMP to cGMP in kidney-yang deficiency rats.

Objective: To investigate genotypes of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels of HBeAg negative patients with chronic hepatitis B and liver cirrhosis., Methods: HBV serological markers and ALT levels were detected in 62 patients with chronic hepatitis B and 41 cases with liver cirrhosis, using enzyme linked absorbent immunoassays and an enzyme method, respectively. A polymerase chain reaction of S region was used for HBV genotyping., Results: Of the 62 patients with chronic hepatitis B, 21 (33.9%) were HBeAg negative, and 41 (66.1%) HBeAg positive. Among 41 cases with liver cirrhosis, 28 (68.3%) were HBeAg negative, and 13 (31.7%) HBeAg positive. Of these 62 patients with chronic hepatitis B, 53 (85.5%) were infected with HBV genotype C, and 9 (14.5%) with genotype B. Thirty-nine (95.1%) of the 41 patients with liver cirrhosis were infected with genotype C, and 2 (4.9%) with genotype B. The proportion of HBeAg negative chronic hepatitis B patients with ALT level > 40 U/L was lower than that of the HBeAg positive group (47.6% and 85.4%, respectively) (P < 0.01). The percentage of ALT levels > 40 U/L of the negative patients with liver cirrhosis was also lower as compared to that of the HBeAg positive patients, but there was no statistical difference between the two groups, because of the small sample size (P > 0.05)., Conclusion: The proportion of HBeAg negative patients is high in the group of chronic hepatitis B and liver cirrhosis. These patients have relatively low ALT levels, and mainly have HBV genotype C infection.