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Objective To understand the cognitive influencing factors affecting the use of epinephrine by medical staff for the treatment of serve allergic reactions and the current state of research at home and abroad. Methods Using searching terms such as “adrenaline” “anaphylactic shock”“severe anaphylactic reaction”“allergic reaction”“epinephine”“anaphylaxis”in Chinese and English. Literature review was performed from China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， Wanfang Data， Chongqing VIP Database， PubMed， Web of Science. The retrieval time is from the inception of the databases to July 20， 2024. Literature contents were extracted and analyzed. Results A total of nine articles were retrieved， and eight international studies showed that there were differences in the correct use of adrenaline in patients with severe allergic reactions among medical staff of different professions， levels of hospitals， ages， and years of service. Through targeted training and education， the correct use rate of adrenaline by medical staff in the treatment of severe allergic reactions could be significantly improved. Only one Chinese study suggested that clinicians and nurses had severe cognitive deficiencies in the proper use of adrenaline. Conclusion Medical staff have varying degrees of cognitive insufficiency of correct use of adrenaline for the treatment of severe allergic reactions， which is influenced by multiple factors.

Objective: In order to develop and enrich fruit wine categories and diversify sensory levels, plum and peppermint were chosen out as the main materials for fermenting a compound fruit wine. Methods: Single factor test and response surface test were used to analyze the effects of mint addition amount, initial sugar degree, initial pH value and fermentation temperature on the alcohol and quality of plum peppermint wine. The fermentation process was optimized, and its sensory was analyzed. Moreover, the sensory, physical and chemical indexes and volatile components were detected. Results: The optimum fermentation conditions were as follows: peppermint content 18%, initial sugar concentration 24%, initial pH 3.9, fermented at 21 ℃. Under the control of these conditions, the alcohol content, sensory score, total sugar, total acid and dry extract content was 10.8%, 84, 3.6 g/L, 5.15 g/L and 24.6 g/L, respectively. A total of 16 kinds of flavor components were detected based on SPME-GC-MS, accounting for 81.48% of the total volatile components. The main aromatic compounds were (+) -dihydrocarvone, which had cool aroma and the flavor of orchids. Conclusion: The plum peppermint wine produced by the optimization process meets the standard requirements of fruit wine.

Objective To investigate the levels of formaldehyde, benzene, toluene, xylene, and ammonia in the air of hotels, barbershops, beauty salons, and gyms in Shijiazhuang city, and to assess the carcinogenic and chronic non-carcinogenic risks associated with these chemical pollutants in the air of the four types of public venues. Methods From 2019 to 2023, air samples were collected from operational barbershops, beauty salons, hotels, and gyms in Shijiazhuang to monitor the levels of formaldehyde, benzene, and ammonia. The assessment of inhalation exposure to chemical pollutants was conducted using the health risk assessment methods established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to evaluate the carcinogenic and chronic non-carcinogenic risks for workers. Results The exceedance rates of formaldehyde in the air of the four public venues were 10.49%, 4.65%, 8%, and 3.13%, respectively, while the exceedance rates of ammonia in beauty salons and barbershops were 5.81% and 2%, respectively. The carcinogenic risk of formaldehyde in all four types of public venues exceeded 10-6, with the 75th percentile carcinogenic risk value for formaldehyde in beauty salons exceeding 10-4. For benzene, half of the carcinogenic risk values in hotels, barbershops, and gyms fell within the range of 10-6 to 10-4, with a higher proportion of benzene carcinogenic risks in beauty salons also within this range. The hazard quotients for formaldehyde in all four public venues were greater than 1, with the 25th percentile hazard quotient for formaldehyde in beauty salons exceeding Conclusion There are significant carcinogenic and chronic non-carcinogenic risks associated with formaldehyde in the air of the four types of public venues in Shijiazhuang city, with beauty salons exhibiting higher risks. The elevated carcinogenic risk of benzene in beauty salons warrants attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To report a case of xanthomatous hypophysitis (XH), and summarize its clinical manifestations, laboratory, imaging and histopathological features. Methods and Results The patient was a male XH diagnosed and treated by Hebei General Hospital in July 2018. The clinical manifestations were headache with nausea and vomiting. Head CT showed the sella area was dense and full; MRI showed enlargement of the sella and a type of circular mass within the sella. The clinical diagnosis was pituitary adenoma apoplexy, and pituitary adenoma resection was performed through nasal sphenoid approach under neuroendoscopy. The postoperative pathological examination showed the histopathological cells showed flake dense infiltration, the immunohistochemical staining showed strong positive CD68 and vimentin (Vim), and S -100 protein and CD1α were negative, Ki-67 antigen labeling index was 10%-20%, and the final diagnosis was sellar XH. Conclusions XH is rare in clinic, and its symptoms and imaging findings are nonspecific, making clinical diagnosis extremely challenging. Neuroendoscopic biopsy pathology is the "gold standard" for diagnosis and differential diagnosis, and attention should be paid to distinguishing pituitary adenoma apoplexy when accompanied by bleeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mortality rate of severe central nervous system infection is high. Early identifying pathogens and giving targeted antibiotics are critical to reduce the mortality rate. Traditional pathogen detection technologies are difficult to meet clinical requirements due to technical limitations. Recently, metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) has received widespread attention in the infectious field due to its efficiency, high throughput and wide coverage of microorganisms. This article reviews the development of mNGS and its application in severe central nervous system infection, so as to provide a more powerful guarantee for accurate diagnosis and treatment of severe central nervous system infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the past 30 years or so, the power structure of giant departments' decision-making, implementation and supervision (triple-power structure for short) in the executive agency model has taken on a new form, which is represented as the development of autonomous networks in the horizontal dimension, and the hierarchical supervision and control over executive agencies' autonomy by decision-making and supervision powers of core departments in the vertical dimension. There are four static types of power structure for integrating hierarchy and networks--networks in hierarchy, co-existence of hierarchy and networks, hierarchies as the nodes of networks, and political hierarchy structure for controlling networks. The dynamic mechanisms of integrating hierarchy and networks are realized in the process of exercising decision-making powers, executive powers and supervision powers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a study which examines recombinant protein Omp25 eukaryotic expression vector's construction and its effect on porcine macrophage. It states that a eukaryotic expression vector pCI-neo-omp25 was constructed to analyze Omp25 protein's function and its role in Brucella. Results show that Omp25 protein had no significant effect on 3D4/21 cells' growth activity based on the myoblast transfer therapy (MTT) assay.

The mortality rate of severe central nervous system infection is high. Early identifying pathogens and giving targeted antibiotics are critical to reduce the mortality rate. Traditional pathogen detection technologies are difficult to meet clinical requirements due to technical limitations. Recently, metagenomic next⁃generation sequencing (mNGS) has received widespread attention in the infectious field due to its efficiency, high throughput and wide coverage of microorganisms. This article reviews the development of mNGS and its application in severe central nervous system infection, so as to provide a more powerful guarantee for accurate diagnosis and treatment of severe central nervous system infection.

It is important to explore the relationship between land use types and water quality to improve the surface water environment. Based on monthly water quality monitoring data from 16 nationally controlled surface water quality monitoring stations in Tianjin and land use data in 2021, GIS spatial analysis and mathematical and statistical methods were used to study the influence of land use types on surface water quality in buffer zones at different scales. The results showed that:① the land use types in the study area were mainly construction land, farmland, and water areas, which had significant effects on river water quality. Except for water temperature (WT) and pH, the farmland, construction land, and water areas were negatively correlated with each water quality indicator; forest land and grassland were positively correlated with dissolved oxygen (DO) and total nitrogen (TN) and negatively correlated with other water quality indicators. ② The water quality indicators showed obvious spatial differences in different seasons. The pH, DO and TN concentrations were higher in the dry season, whereas the permanganate index, ammonia nitrogen (NH 4 + -N), and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations were higher in the rainy season. ③ The results of the RDA analysis showed that the 800 m buffer zone land use had the greatest explanatory power for water quality changes in the dry season (50.4%), whereas the 3 000 m buffer zone land use could explain the water quality changes in the rainy season to the greatest extent (49.6%); from the average explanation rate of the dry and rainy seasons, the 3 000 m buffer zone was the best impact scale (50.0%) on water quality indicators in Tianjin. ④ The partial least squares regression (PLSR) analysis showed that the most important variables affecting surface water quality changes were construction land, farmland, and water areas. The predictive ability of the PLSR model of most water quality indicators was stronger in the dry season than that in the rainy season. In the dry season, all water quality indicators, except WT and pH, were most influenced by farmland. In the rainy season, construction land had the greatest influence on WT and NH 4 + -N concentrations, and the most important influencing factor for the remaining water quality indicators was still farmland. This study showed that the rational planning of land use types within 3 000 m of rivers or lakes was beneficial to improving the water quality of surface water.

In this study, an established ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) method was combined with multivariate statistical analysis to investigate the commonality and difference of main chemical components in the medicinal parts of Paeonia lactiflora from different cultivars; in addition, a high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) method was established to simultaneously determine the content of eight active components in Paeoniae Radix Alba. Non-targeted analysis was carried out by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS on a Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C_(18)(2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.7 μm) column with a gradient elution of 0.1% aqueous formic acid(A)-acetonitrile(B) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.2 mL·min~(-1). The column temperature was 30 ℃, and an electrospray ionization source was used to acquire mass spectrometry data in positive and negative ion modes. According to the accurate molecular weight and fragment ion information provided by multi-stage mass spectrometry and by comparison with reference substances and literature reports, thirty-six identical components were identified in Paeoniae Radix Alba from different cultivars with positive and negative ion modes. In the negative ion mode, two groups of samples were well separated; specifically, seventeen components with significant differences in content were screened and identified, and one component unique in "Bobaishao" was obtained. Quantitative analysis was conducted by high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) on an Agilent HC-C_(18)(4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) column with a gradient elution of 0.1% aqueous phosphoric acid(A)-acetonitrile(B) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL·min~(-1). The column temperature was 30 ℃ and the detection wavelength was at 230 nm. An HPLC method was developed for the simultaneous determination of eight active components(gallic acid, oxypaeoniflorin, catechin, albiflorin, paeoniflorin, galloylpaeoniflorin, 1,2,3,4,6-O-pentagalloylglucose, benzoyl-paeoniflorin) in Paeoniae Radix Albaa from different cultivars. Satisfactory linearity was achieved within the investigated linear ranges and with fine coefficients(r>0.999 0), and the methodological investigation showed that the method had good precision, repeatability and stability. The mean recoveries were 90.61% to 101.7% with RSD of 0.12% to 3.6%(n=6). UPLC-Q-OF-MS provided a rapid and efficient qualitative analytical method for the identification of the chemical components in Paeoniae Radix Alba, and the developed HPLC method was simple, rapid and accurate, which could provide a scientific basis for the evaluation of the germplasm resources and herbal quality of Paeoniae Radix Alba from different cultivars.

The guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of monkeypox (2022 edition) issued by National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China introduces the key knowledge of the diagnosis and treatment of human monkeypox (HMPX) and does not systematically introduce the sampling methods and requirements of specimens for HMPX etiology testing and the discrepancy in diagnostic criteria between China and overseas. However, the doctors who are not engaged in dermatology lack understanding of the sampling methods and requirements of specimens for laboratory diagnosis of HMPX, and there are few relevant references available. This article collects the information on the diagnosis and treatment of HMPX, so as to provide a reference for learning, understanding, and application of this guideline.

The enrichment and translocation characteristics of Cd, Pb, Zn, and As by various parts of maize plants were investigated using field experiments in 22 maize varieties simultaneously under uncontaminated, low, middle, and serious heavy metal Cd, Pb, Zn, and As complex-contaminated farmland soil conditions. The relationship between the uptake of Cd, Pb, Zn, and As by maize plants and the morphological content of heavy metals in the soil was also discussed through principal component analysis and correlation analysis of the concentrations of eight heavy metals, including Cd, Hg, As, Pb, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn. The results showed that:① the distribution pattern of Cd and Zn contents in different parts of the maize plant was as follows:upper stalk>lower stalk>root>seed, the distribution pattern of Pb was As follows:root>lower stalk>upper stalk>seed, and the As distribution pattern was:root>upper stalk>lower stalk>seed. The different distribution patterns were closely related to the accumulation characteristics of the crop itself and the environmental activity of Cd, Pb, Zn, and As in the soil of the study area. ② There were significant differences in Cd and Pb accumulation among 22 maize cultivars due to their genetic background ( P <0.05), which showed four trends:Cd and Pb compound high-accumulation varieties, single Cd or Pb low-accumulation varieties (low Cd and high Pb, low Pb and high Cd), and Cd and Pb compound low-accumulation varieties. Among them, the content of Cd in the grain of the three varieties exceeded the national food safety standard, and the content of Cd in the stem and leaf of 14 varieties exceeded the national food health standard. The Pb content in stems, leaves, and grains of all cultivars did not exceed the standard, but the Pb content in grains of some cultivars was close to the limit and had the risk of exceeding the standard. The content of As in the stem, leaf, and grain of different maize varieties was much lower than the standard limit value, showing a stable low-accumulation characteristic. The content of Zn in the stem and leaf of different maize varieties increased with the increase in the content of Zn in soil, but the content of Zn in grain remained within the threshold of normal plant growth. ③ Cd, Pb, Zn, and As in maize plants in the study area had a certain homology and were mainly affected by the excessive levels of Cd, Pb, Zn, and As pollutants in the soil. This showed that anthropogenic sources were brought about by mine extraction and tailings stockpiles, whereas Cu elements in maize plants were affected by certain anthropogenic pollution sources, though to a limited extent. Hg, Ni, and Cr in maize plants had a certain homology; this showed the natural source of soil parent material and weathering product accumulation. ④ The contents of Cd, Pb, Zn, and As elements in various parts of the corn plant, as well as the contents of Cr and Ni elements all had a very significant positive correlation ( P <0.01). The transport mechanisms of Cd, Pb, Zn, and As elements in the plant may have a common. However, there was a synergistic effect in the migration from the root of the corn to the upper part of the ground, and the same was true for the elements of Cr and Ni. The elements of Hg and Cd, Pb, Zn, and As in the corn stems and leaves and Hg and Cd, Hg, As, Pb, Cr, Ni, and Zn in grains all showed certain antagonistic effects. ⑤ The comparison method simultaneously satisfied the following requirements:the contents of Cd, Pb, and As in stems and leaves did not exceed the national food hygiene standards, and the contents of Cd, Pb, and As in the grains did not exceed the national food safety standards. The cluster analysis of Cd, Pb, and As in grains was a low-accumulation group, and the enrichment and transport coefficients of Cd, Pb, and As in the stems and leaves and grains were low as the optimal conditions. C18 (Xianyu 335) could be selected as the optimal maize variety with low accumulation of Cd, Pb, and As and normal Zn content in grain, which is suitable for promoting and applying in the heavy metal complex-polluted farmland around industrial and mining enterprises in north China.

In this study, a field experiment of soil passivation and low accumulation-crops was carried out for typical northern alkaline cadmium and lead compound-polluted farmland soil. Calcite was used as the main passivation material, and a small amount of slaked lime, zeolite powder, and biochar were combined to form a group passivation agent. The effects of passivators on soil physicochemical properties, bioavailability of the heavy metals Cd and Pb, and the yield and plant (stalk and seed) content of heavy metals Cd and Pb in low-accumulation maize were investigated under different grouping conditions of calcite+slaked lime (CL), calcite+zeolite (CZ), calcite+biochar (CB), and calcite+slaked lime+zeolite+biochar (CLZB). The results showed that:① all applications of passivating agent ensured the normal growth of maize and slightly increased the 1000 grain weight and maize yield. ② The effects of different calcite-based passivators on soil physical and chemical properties were different. The CL, CZ, CB, and CLZB treatments increased soil pH by 0.46, 0.25, 0.12, and 0.13 units, respectively, but had no significant correlation with soil fertility index ( P >0.05). ③ DTPA leaching and ion exchange state contents of Cd and Pb in soil could be significantly reduced by different calcite-based combinations with passivators, and the reduction rates of Cd and Pb in DTPA leaching were 49.36% and 72.55%, respectively. The reduction rates of ion exchange Cd and Pb contents were 55.39% and 78.52%, respectively. ④ The contents of Cd and Pb in stems, leaves, and grains of low-accumulation maize were further reduced by different passivating agents. The contents of Cd and Pb in the stems and leaves of maize were reduced by 45.93% and 67.00% after CLZB treatment, and the contents of Cd and Pb in grains were decreased by 25.17% and 46.62%, respectively. Moreover, the contents of Cd and Pb in DTPA extraction and ion exchange states were significantly positively correlated with the contents of Cd and Pb in corn stems, leaves, and grains ( P <0.01). The results showed that the combined use of combination passivators and low-accumulation crop varieties can obtain better restoration effects in the remediation of cadmium and lead combined-polluted farmland in the middle alkaline soil in northern China.

In order to provide technical support for the safe utilization of heavy metal-polluted farmland, we screened wheat varieties with a low accumulation of Cd in grain via a pot experiment. For this purpose, we respectively investigated the enrichment and transport characteristics of Cd in various plant parts of 119 wheat varieties under the conditions of 1.5 mg·kg -1 (low content) and 4.0 mg·kg -1 (high content) Cd-contaminated soil and explored the correlation between the Cd content of different organs of wheat and the relationship between Cd content in soil and the uptake of Cd by wheat. The results showed that:① there were significant differences in the ability to accumulate and transport Cd in roots, stems, leaves, and grains of tested wheat varieties ( P <0.05). Under the condition of low Cd content, the Cd enrichment ability of each part of the wheat plant was as follows:leaf>stem ≈root>grain; under high-content stress conditions, the Cd enrichment ability of each part of the wheat plant was:leaf>root>stem>grain; under different content conditions, the Cd transport ability of each part of the wheat plant was:leaf>stem>grain. Cd content in the wheat shoot was positively correlated with total Cd content and ion-exchangeable Cd content in soil ( P <0.01) and was closely related to strong transpiration under the pot experiment. ② The correlation coefficient r of BCF Cd of wheat roots, stems, leaves, and grain was -0.267 to -0.645, showing a very significant negative correlation ( P <0.01), indicating that with the increase in soil Cd content, the migration and accumulation degree of Cd in wheat plant organs showed a downward trend. Moreover, the negative correlation between BCF Cd and soil Cd content in stems was significantly higher than that in roots, leaves, and grains, indicating that the enrichment of Cd in wheat plants largely depended on the accumulation and transportation of stems. ③ The correlation coefficient r of Cd content between the root and stem, root and leaf, root and grain, stem and leaf, stem and grain, and leaf and grain in low-and high-content groups was 0.450-0.763, showing a very significant positive correlation ( P <0.01), indicating that there was a close transport relationship among the wheat organs, and the degree of translocation from the root to stem and stem to leaf was higher than that from the stem to grain and leaf to grain. ④ Using cluster analysis and enrichment and translocation coefficient sequencing, this study screened 16 and 11 wheat varieties with low Cd accumulation under the soil cadmium content of 1.5 mg·kg -1 and 4.0 mg·kg -1 , respectively. Among them, Luohan 7 could be used as the optimal wheat variety with low Cd accumulation under the conditions of low-, medium-, and high-Cd content.

Objective: To study the distribution of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in healthy children aged 0-6 years., Methods: A total of 826 healthy Han children aged 0-6 years were recruited. According to their age, the children were divided into four groups: newborn, infant, toddler and preschool. Their peripheral blood samples were collected to measure the percentages of lymphocyte subsets by flow cytometry., Results: There were significant differences in the percentages of CD3 + T cells, CD3 + CD4 + T cells and CD3 - CD19 + B cells and the CD4 + /CD8 + ratio between boys and girls (P<0.05). The girls had a lower percentage of CD3 - CD19 + B cells, higher percentages of CD3 + T cells and CD3 + CD4 + T cells and a higher CD4 + /CD8 + ratio than the boys. The newborn group had the highest percentages of CD3 + T cells and CD3 + CD4 + T cells and the highest CD4 + /CD8 + ratio (P<0.05). The percentage of CD3 + CD4 + T cells and the CD4 + /CD8 + ratio gradually decreased with age and the preschool group had the lowest values (P<0.05). The newborn group had the lowest percentages of CD3 - CD19 + B cells and CD3 - CD16 + CD56 + NK cells (P<0.05). The percentage of CD3 - CD16 + CD56 + NK cells gradually increased with age and the preschool group had the highest percentage (P<0.05). The percentage of CD3 - CD19 + B cells reached the peak in the toddler period and then decreased with age (P<0.05). The preschool group had the highest percentage of CD3 + CD8 + T cells (P<0.05). The variation trend of distribution of lymphocyte subsets in boys from different age groups was consistent with that in children from different age groups. For girls, the newborn group had the highest percentage of CD3 + CD4 + T cells and CD4 + /CD8 + ratio (P<0.05)., Conclusions: The distribution of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in healthy children is significantly different across ages and sexes. Therefore, the reference values should be established according to age and sex.

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease with unknown etiology, characterized by vasculopathy, inflammation, and extensive fibrosis in the skin and organs. Fibrosis is the hallmark of SSc and contributes to its high mortality. In recent years, with the in-depth study of the epigenetics of SSc (DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA), the DNA methylation and miRNA has been the most widely studied. Abnormal DNA methylation can influence the function of vascular endothelial cells, CD4+ T cells, and fibroblasts in SSc. MiRNAs in serum is closely related to autoantibodies, SSc disease activity and complications, and miRNAs in fibroblasts can directly affect the activation of fibroblasts.

A nitrifying sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR) were operated at 15℃ under the same conditions to investigate the effect of two typical flow patterns (plug flow and complete mixing) on the efficiency of nitrification enhancement. The results show that, during bioaugmentation, the ammonia utilized rate(AUR)and nitrite utilized rate(NUR)in the SBR were 2.34 and 2.39 times of that before bioaugmentation, and after bioaugmentation ceased, the AUR and NUR slightly decreased to 2.01 and 1.78 times of that before bioaugmentation. Meanwhile, the AUR and NUR in the CSTR were 2.63 and 2.44 times that before bioaugmentation, and after bioaugmentation ceased, the AUR and NUR decreased to 1.48 and 1.31 times that before bioaugmentation. Fluorescence In-Situ Hybridization (FISH) results showed that during bioaugmentation, the ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) in the SBR were 2.67 and 2.71 times of that before bioaugmentation, and after bioaugmentation ceased, the AUR and NUR slightly decreased to 2.14 and 1.95 times that before bioaugmentation. Meanwhile, the AUR and NUR in the CSTR were 2.91 and 1.77 times of that before bioaugmentation, and after bioaugmentation ceased, the AUR and NUR decreased to 1.25 and 1.50 times of that before bioaugmentation. Therefore, the efficiency of nitrification enhancement was similar between the two types of flow patterns during bioaugmentation, but the seeded nitrifiers were much more vulnerable to wash out in the CSTR than that in the SBR due to r/K selectivity of the flow patterns.

Objective: To observe the effect of manual acupuncture and electroacupuncture (EA) on ultrastructure of facial nerve Schwann cells, myelin sheath and mitochondria in facial nerve injury rabbits, so as to explore its mechanism underlying improving facial palsy., Methods: A total of 50 New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into normal, sham-operation, model, MA and EA groups ( n =10 in each group). Facial nerve injury model was made by clamping the facial nerve for 5 min using a pair of forceps. Manual needle stimulation (mild reinforcing-reducing) or EA (continuous wave, 20 Hz) was applied to "Dicang" (ST 4), "Xiaguan" (ST 7), "Taiyang" (EX-HN 5) and "Yangbai" (GB 14) on the injured sides for 4 weeks, 30 min each day. The facial nerve motion score was performed every 7 days. The ultrastructure of facial nerve was observed by electron microscope after 28 days' treatment., Results: There were no significant differences in behavioral score and ultrastructure in normal and sham-operation groups ( P <0.05). Compared with the normal group, facial nerve motion scores, ultrastructural morphological changes and the number of axons per unit area, myelin sheath thickness and axon area were worse in the model group ( P <0.05). After treatment, facial nerve motion scores, ultrastructural morphological changes and the number of axons per unit area, myelin sheath thickness and axon area in the two treatment groups were better than those in the model group ( P <0.05), and EA worked better than MA ( P <0.05)., Conclusions: In the treatment of facial nerve injury, EA can promote axoplasmic mitochondrial proliferation, myelin sheath recovery and axonal regeneration more effectively than MA, which may be one of the mechanisms that EA therapy is superior to MA.

The communities and activity of nitrifiers collected from the raw sewage of the 2 nd and 3 rd wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) in Xi'an were investigated. FISH results indicated that the (AOB+NOB)/EUB percentages were (5.35±2.1)% and(6.0±2.8)% in the 2 nd and 3 rd WWTP, respectively. The dominant AOB was Nitrosomonas europaea/Nitrosococcus mobilis lineage and the dominant NOB was Nitrospira , the sub-dominant NOB was Nitrobacter , and coexisted with Nitrococcus, Nitrospina . Respirometric assays showed that the influent nitrifiers were active following a 2-16 hour period of metabolic induction. The ammonium utilized rate was (0.32±0.12) mg·(L·h) -1 and (0.43±0.17) mg·(L·h) -1 , nitrite utilized rate was (0.71±0.18) mg·(L·h) -1 and (0.58±0.27) mg·(L·h) -1 for nitrifers in raw sewage fed to the 2 nd and 3 rd WWTP, respectively. Therefore, nitrifiers were present and active in the raw sewage, and played the role of natural continuous seeding in the activated sludge system. Based on the nitrification activity, the estimated continuous seeding intensity of AOB and NOB was 0.08-0.09 g·(g·d) -1 and 0.11-0.24 g·(g·d) -1 , respectively.

Objective: To study the pattern of CGG repeat instability within germline cells derived from two male fetuses affected with Fragile X syndrome (FXS)., Methods: The length and methylation status of CGG repeats within the testes of a fetus carrying a full FXS mutation and another fetus carrying mosaicism FXS mutation were analyzed with Southern blotting and AmplideX FMR1 PCR. Immunohistochemistry was also applied for the measurement of FMR1 protein (FMRP) expression within the testes., Results: For the fetus carrying the full mutation, Southern blotting analysis of the PCR product has detected an expected band representing the full mutation in its brain and a premutation band of > 160 CGG repeats in its testis. Whereas the pattern of premutation/full mutation in mosaic testis was similar to that in peripheral blood and no sign of contracted fragment was found other than a band of about 160 CGG repeats. Immunohistochemistry assay with a FMRP-specific antibody demonstrated a number of FMRP-positive germ cells, which suggested a contraction from full mutation to premutation alleles., Conclusion: This study has clarified the instability pattern of CGG repeat and expression of FMRP protein within the testes of fetuses affected with FXS, confirming that the CGG repeat can contract progressively within the germline. The FMRP expression in the testis is consistent with spermatogonium proliferation, and thus the contraction from full mutation to unmethylated premutations may occur for the requirement of FMRP expression during spermatogenesis. The better understanding of FMRP function during germ cell proliferation may elucidate the mechanism underlying the contraction of full FXS mutation in male germline.

Previous publications showed that the value of LLOQ (lowest limit of quantification) for doxazosin and its enantiomers in biological samples were above 0.1 ng·m L(-1). The present study was designed to establish a new liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the quantification at very low concentration of (-)doxazosin in rat plasma after intravenous administration of (-)doxazosin（3.0 mg·kg(-1)）. The plasma samples containing prazosin as an internal standard were extracted by solid-phase extraction (SPE) and separated on Acquity BEH C(18) (50 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) column under alkaline conditions of the mobile phase. (-)Doxazosin was monitored under positive ionization condition by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) with an ESI source. The good linear range of (-)doxazosin varied from 10.4 pg·m L(-1) to 13 ng·m L(-1)（r = 0.992 2), and the lowest limit of quantification was 10.4 pg·m L(-1). An assessment of the matrix effect using post-extraction spiking method and post-column infusion method demonstrated that co-eluting matrix components did not significantly influenced the ionization of (-)doxazosin and prazosin (IS). Using the new method, we accurately measured (-)doxazosin concentration at 48 h after intravenous administration in the rats, and the concentration was 0.034 4 ± 0.010 2 ng·m L(-1). The method is specific, sensitive, and suitable for determining (-)doxazosin at very low concentration in rat plasma samples.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of prone position ventilation combined with recruitment maneuvers (RM) on clinical outcomes in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)., Methods: In this prospective, randomized, controlled trial, we randomly assigned 116 sequential patients with severe ARDS to the intervention group (which undergo prone-positioning with RM sessions of at least 10 hours) or to the control group (which be left in the supine position)., Results: From July 2012 to July 2013, 116 severe ARDS patients sequentially admitted to the critical department of Peking Union Medical College Hospital were enrolled in the study with 60 patients assigned to the control group and 56 patients to the intervention group. No significant difference was found between the two groups in the demographics including the median patient age, sex ratio, initial Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores, initial pulmonary function and the sources of ARDS. The oxygenation index recorded in the supine position was significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group since day 3, whereas the positive end-expiratory pressure and fraction of inspired O2 were significantly lower in the intervention group. The plateau pressure and static compliance of the respiratory system were similar in the two groups. The intervention group had shorter length of ICU stay, fewer ventilation days and decreased 28-day mortality than the control group. The tracheotomy ratio and the time to successful extubation were similar in the two groups. No significant difference between the two groups was shown in the incidence of complications, except for the grade 1 pressure sore, which was higher in the intervention group., Conclusions: In patients with severe ARDS, application of prolonged prone-positioning with RM sessions significantly improves the clinical outcomes.

In order to evaluate the hazard of PM2.5 emitted by various boilers, in this paper, segmentation of particulate matters with sizes of below 2. 5 microm was performed based on their formation mechanisms and hazard level to human beings and environment. Meanwhile, taking into account the mass concentration, number concentration, enrichment factor of Hg, and content of Hg element in different coal ashes, a comprehensive model aimed at evaluating hazard of PM2.5 emitted by coal-fired boilers was established in this paper. Finally, through utilizing filed experimental data of previous literatures, a case analysis of the evaluation model was conducted, and the concept of hazard reduction coefficient was proposed, which can be used to evaluate the performance of dust removers.

Objective: To identify the site of crack initiation and propagation path of clinically failed all ceramic crowns by fractographic analysis., Methods: Three clinically failed anterior IPS Empress II crowns and two anterior In-Ceram alumina crowns were retrieved. Fracture surfaces were examined using both optical stereo and scanning electron microscopy. Fractographic theory and fracture mechanics principles were applied to disclose the damage characteristics and fracture mode., Results: All the crowns failed by cohesive failure within the veneer on the labial surface. Critical crack originated at the incisal contact area and propagated gingivally. Porosity was found within the veneer because of slurry preparation and the sintering of veneer powder., Conclusions: Cohesive failure within the veneer is the main failure mode of all ceramic crown. Veneer becomes vulnerable when flaws are present. To reduce the chances of chipping, multi-point occlusal contacts are recommended, and layering and sintering technique of veneering layer should also be improved.

Objective: To establish the HPLC fingerprint analysis method for the quality control of acetoacetate extraction of Polygonum orientale., Methods: Agilent C18 (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm); DAD detector; Mobile phase: methyl alcohol-water gradient elution at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, and at a column temperature of 30 degrees C., Results: 26 peaks were selected as the common fingerprint peaks. The relative standard deviations for relative retention values were less than 3% in the precision and repeated test., Conclusion: The repetition, stability and precision of the method is good and it can be used to control the quality of Polygonum orientale.

Due to the high data dimensionality of a hyperspectral image, dimensionality reduction algorithm has attracted much attention in hyperspectral image analysis. Band selection algorithm, which selects appropriate bands from the original set of spectral bands, can preserve original information from the data and is useful for image classification and recognition. In the present paper, a novel band selection algorithm based on orthogonal projection divergence (OPD) is proposed, it aims to discriminate the interesting objects from background and noise information, maximize the spectral similarity between different spectral vectors by projecting the original data to feature space. Two HYDICE Washington DC Mall images and an HYMAP Purdue campus image data were experimented, and support vector machine (SVM) classifier was used for classification. The selected band number varies from 5 to 40 in order to study the impacts of different band selection algorithms on different features. For the computation complex, the sequential floating forward search (SFFS) was used to get the appropriate bands. The experiments have proved that our proposed OPD algorithm can outperform other traditional band selection methods such as SAM, ED, SID, and LCMV-BCC for hyperspectral image analysis. It is proven that OPD band selection is effective and robust in hyperspectral remote sensing dimensionality reduction