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Objective To investigate the brain age differences between Alzheimer's disease(AD)and mild cognitive impairment(MCI)patients,and further explore the correlations between brain age gap(BAG)and clinical features.Methods The clinical data and radiologic findings of 132 probable AD and AD-derived MCI patients diagnosed at Beijing Tiantan Hospital,Capital Medical University from December 2018 to July 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.According to the diagnostic criteria for AD and MCI,the patients were assigned into AD and MCI groups.In addition,156 volunteers without neurological diseases and other severe diseases were recruited as the control group.The general data,Montreal cognitive assessment(MoCA)score,and mini-mental state examination(MMSE)score were compared among the three groups.The deep learning-based brain age prediction model was employed to calculate the BAGs of the three groups.Spearman correlation analysis was conducted to explore the correlations between BAG and clinical features.Results The 132 patients included 106 patients in the AD group and 26 patients in the MCI group.The MoCA and MMSE scores followed an ascending trend of AD group

Objective: To explore the risk factors of pneumoconiosis patients' re-admission to provide a scientific basis for improving the treatment effect of pneumoconiosis, reducing the rate of re-admission, and reducing the burden of disease. Methods: In June 2020, The clinical data of 470 patients with pneumoconiosis who had hospitalization records from February 8, 2014, to February 8, 2020, in the Hunan Provincial Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment Institute were retrospectively analyzed. The patients' general data and emotional state at the first admission were collected through questionnaires and telephone follow-ups. The entire group of patients completed at least one follow-up, with readmission as the end event. First, the Kaplan-Meier method was used for univariate analysis. The multivariate COX regression model analysis was performed on meaningful variables to explore the risk factors that affect the patient's re-admission. Results: A total of 470 patients with pneumoconiosis were included in this study, with an average age of 55.88 years (34-81 years old) and all the participants were male. During the first admission, the number of participants diagnosed as stage III pneumoconiosis, with complications of COPD, fatty liver, or severe pulmonary diffusion dysfunction was 215 (45.74%) , 179 (38.09%) , 51 (10.85%) , and 44 (9.36%) , respectively. Six patients (1.28%) have had suicidal tendencies almost every day since they became ill. A total of 345 patients (73.40%) were re-admitted to the hospital. Multivariate Cox regression model analysis showed that compared with the suspected pneumoconiosis group, patients in the first, second, and third-stage pneumoconiosis groups had an increased risk of readmission ( OR =2.43, 2.96, 2.35, P =0.000) . Compared with the age of 30-50 years old, 50-70 years old and ≥70 years old have an increased risk of readmission ( OR =1.28, 2.32, P <0.05) . Patients with tricuspid regurgitation ( OR =1.33, P <0.05) and elevated triglyceride level (>2.26 mmol/L) ( OR =1.40, P <0.05) have increased risks of readmission. Compared with the normal group, patients with severe pulmonary diffusion dysfunction in pneumoconiosis have an increased risk of readmission ( OR =1.96, P <0.05) . Compared with the normal group, pneumoconiosis patients in the suicidal group had an increased risk of re-admission to the hospital almost every day ( OR =2.92, P <0.05) . Conclusion Age of onset, stage of pneumoconiosis, tricuspid regurgitation, high triglycerides, severe diffuse pulmonary dysfunction, and suicidal tendency are independent risk factors that affect the readmission of patients with pneumoconiosis. The management of chronic diseases and mental health of patients with pneumoconiosis should be strengthened to reduce the risk of readmission. Conclusion: Age of onset, stage of pneumoconiosis, tricuspid regurgitation, high triglycerides, severe diffuse pulmonary dysfunction, and suicidal tendency are independent risk factors that affect the readmission of patients with pneumoconiosis. The management of chronic diseases and the mental health of patients with pneumoconiosis should be strengthened to reduce the risk of readmission.

Objective: To investigate the application effect of sequential autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (Auto-HSCT) with lenalidomide, bortezomib and dexamethasone (RVD) in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) evaluated by propensity score matching., Methods: The clinical data of 49 MM patients treated with RVD scheme and followed-up for 36 months in the hospital from January 2015 to January 2021 were retrospectively analyzed and included in the control group, the clinical data of 54 MM patients who received RVD scheme and sequential Auto-HSCT scheme and completed 36 months of follow-up in the hospital during the same period were collected and included in the observation group. PSM method (1∶1, caliper value=0.01) was used to match the control group with the observation group based on baseline data and laboratory indexes, covariate equilibrium samples were obtained between groups (40 cases in each group). The clinical efficacy of patients in the two groups after 18 weeks of treatment was compared; the incidence of toxic and side effects during treatment of patients in the two groups was compared; the survival of patients in the two groups was compared after 36 months of follow-up., Results: The ORR and DCR in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Compared the incidence of fatigue, rash, thrombocytopenia, anemia and nausea of patients in the two groups, there was no statistical significant difference (P>0.05). After 36 months of follow-up (no loss during follow-up), 4 cases died from illness in the observation group, with a survival rate of 90% and an average survival time of 35.61 (95% CI: 35541-35.685) months, 10 cases died from illness in the control group, with a survival rate of 75% and an average survival time of 34.70 (95% CI: 34.559-34.832) months, the survival rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05)., Conclusion: Sequential Auto-HSCT with RVD regimen in the treatment of MM can improve the short-term efficacy and increase the survival rate of patients, which will not increase toxic and side effects and has high safety.

Objective: To investigate the prognostic factors of children with congenital heart disease (CHD) who had undergone cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) in China. Methods: From November 2017 to October 2018, this retrospective multi-center study was conducted in 11 hospitals in China. It contained data from 281 cases who had undergone CPR and all of the subjects were divided into CHD group and non-CHD group. The general condition, duration of CPR, epinephrine doses during resuscitation, recovery of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), discharge survival rate and pediatric cerebral performance category in viable children at discharge were compared. According to whether malignant arrhythmia is the direct cause of cardiopulmonary arrest or not, children in CHD and non-CHD groups were divided into 2 subgroups: arrhythmia and non-arrhythmia, and the ROSC and survival rate to discharge were compared. Data in both groups were analyzed by t -test, chi-square analysis or ANOVA, and logistic regression were used to analyze the prognostic factors for ROSC and survival to discharge after cardiac arrest (CA). Results: The incidence of CA in PICU was 3.2% (372/11 588), and the implementation rate of CPR was 75.5% (281/372). There were 144 males and 137 females with median age of 32.8 (5.6, 42.7) months in all 281 CPA cases who received CPR. CHD group had 56 cases while non-CHD had 225 cases, with the percentage of 19.9% (56/281) and 80.1% (225/281) respectively. The proportion of female in CHD group was 60.7% (34/56) which was higher than that in non-CHD group (45.8%, 103/225) (χ 2 =4.00, P =0.045). There were no differences in ROSC and rate of survival to discharge between the two groups ( P> 0.05). The ROSC rate of children with arthythmid in CHD group was 70.0% (28/40), higher than 6/16 for non-arrhythmic children (χ 2 = 5.06, P= 0.024). At discharge, the pediatric cerebral performance category scores (1-3 scores) of CHD and non-CHD child were 50.9% (26/51) and 44.9% (92/205) respectively. Logistic regression analysis indicated that the independent prognostic factors of ROSC and survival to discharge in children with CHD were CPR duration (odds ratio ( OR )=0.95, 0.97; 95% CI : 0.92~0.97, 0.95~0.99; both P <0.05) and epinephrine dosage ( OR =0.87 and 0.79, 95% CI : 0.76-1.00 and 0.69-0.89, respectively; both P< 0.05). Conclusions: There is no difference between CHD and non-CHD children in ROSC and survival rate of survival to discharge was low. The epinephrine dosage and the duration of CPR are related to the ROSC and survival to discharge of children with CHD.

This study was designed to identify the pathogen causing soft rot of Pinellia ternata in Qianjiang of Hubei province and screen out the effective bactericides, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the control of soft rot of P. ternata. In this study, the pathogen was identified based on molecular biology and physiological biochemistry, followed by the detection of pathogenicity and pathogenicity spectrum via plant tissue inoculation in vitro and the indoor toxicity determination using the inhibition zone method to screen out bactericide with good antibacterial effects. The control effect of the bactericide against P. ternata soft rot was verified by the leave and tuber inoculation in vitro. The phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the 16 S rDNA, dnaX gene, and recA gene sequences, respectively, and the result showed that the pathogen belonged to the same branch as the type strain Dickeya fangzhongdai JS5. The physiological and biochemical tests showed that the pathogen was identical to D. fangzhongdai, which proved that the pathogen was D. fangzhongdai. The pathogenicity test indicated that the pathogen could obviously infect leaves at 24 h and tubers in 3 d. As revealed by the indoor toxicity test, 0.3% tetramycin, 5% allicin, and 80% ethylicin had good antibacterial activities, with EC&#95;(50) values all less than 50 mg·L~(-1). Tests in tissues in vitro showed that 5% allicin exhibited the best control effect, followed by 0.3% tetramycin and 10% zhongshengmycin oligosaccharide, and their preventive effects were better than curative effects. Therefore, 5% allicin can be used as the preferred agent for the control of P. ternata soft rot, and 0.3% tetramycin and 10% zhongshengmycin oligosaccharide as the alternatives. This study has provided a certain theoretical basis for the control of P. ternata soft rot.

Soil microorganisms are one of the important biological indictors of soil quality and can reflct the comprehensive ecological environment characteristics of the soil. The research of soil microbial diversity is the key to know the ecological functions and balance with soil. In this paper, high-throughput sequencing on PCR-amplified 16 S rRNA gene V3-V4 fragments was used to determine the bacterial diversity in rhizosphere soil of A. macrocephala under the treatment with BZJN1 or streptoprofen. The results showed that there were no significant differences of the bacteria in A. macrocephala rhizosphere soil of the streptoprofen treatment group and the biocontrol BZJN1 treatment group. All the soil bacteria was classified into 25 categories,67 classes, 108 orders, 167 families and 271 generas, except some unidentified bacteria. Proteobacteria(30.7%-34.8%) was the dominant phylum, of which Alphaproteobacteria(16.8%-18.5%) was the dominant subgroup. Compared with the control group, the relative abundance of multiple phylums bacteria in the rhizosphere soil of A. macrocephala was significantly changed in the streptoprofen treatment group and the biocontrol BZJN1 treatment group. In addition, RDA analysis showed that there was connection with different environmental factors and microbial communities. The abundance of the three genera in the rhizosphere soil of A. macrocephala was significantly positively correlated with Invertase, Urease and AP. PICRUSt function prediction results showed that BZNJ1 could enhance some bacterial functions and promote the plant growth. Biocontrol is a new type of green and safety control pest method. BZNJ1 significantly enhances some bacterial functions on the basis of effectively preventing root rot of A. macrocephala and promoting plant growth, and has no significant effect on the soil bacterial community structure. All the results can provide theoretical support for popularization of BZNJ1.

To solve the problem of soil acidification in the cultivation of Codonopsis tangshen, laboratory experiments were carried out to investigate C. tangshen seed germination, seedling growth and soil exchangeable acid, microbial community structure after applying quicklime (QL) and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer (CMP). The results showed that QL and CMP treatments significantly improved the survival rate of C. tangshen seedlings from 147.7% to 326.7% and from 270.1% to 311.2%, respectively. The maximum increase rates of the height of C. tangshen seedlings were 516.7% and 546.3%, and that of root length were 798.0% and 679.2% in the treatments of QL and CMP, respectively. 1‰-4‰ QL or CMP treatments increased the relative chlorophyll content, antioxidant enzyme activity and the content of soluble protein of C. tangshen seedlings, decreased the content of malondialdehyde and superoxide anion radical of seedlings, increased soil pH by 0.88-2.02 units and 0.23-1.19 units, and decreased the exchangeable aluminum content in soil by 53.0%-95.3% and 17.6%-81.3%, respectively. Soil bacterial and actinomycetic abundances were significantly higher in 2‰-4‰ QL or CMP treatments than that in the control. Soil fungal abundance was significantly lower in the QL treatment of 2‰ and CMP treatment of 4‰. 1‰-4‰ QL or CMP treatments significantly increased fresh weight of C. tangshen tubers by 40.5%-78.5% and 28.4%-78.8%, respectively. In conclusion, the suitable quantity of QL and CMP for acidified soil (pH=4.12, ρb=1.15 g·cm -3 , tillage layer=15 cm) amendment were 1.73-3.45 t·hm -2 and 3.45-6.90 t·hm -2 , and QL and CMP amendment could fit the optimum soil pH (5.5-6.5) for the growth of C. tangshen seedlings.

Through investigation,it was found that the main disease of leaves was grey mold on Dendrobium officinale in Hubei province,which has a great impact on the yield and quality of D. officinale. The identification of morphological and molecular biological was used to prove that the pathogen was Botrytis cinerea. Through test the effect of 5 plant source fungicides and 4 antibiotic fungicides on mycelial growth of strain HS1,which proved 0. 3% eugenol had the best inhibitory effect,EC50 was 0. 29 mg·L -1 ,the second was1% osthol and EC50 was 1. 12 mg·L -1 ,the EC50 of 0. 5% matrine was 9. 16 mg·L -1 ,the EC50 of the other six fungicides was higher than 10 mg·L -1 . The field control effect test proved that 0. 3% eugenol had the best control effect,reaching 89. 44%,secondly for 1%osthole,which was 77. 17%,0. 5% matrine was in the third place with 62. 37% of effective rate. However,the control effect of the other fungicides was less than 60%. The three plant-derived fungicides were safe for the produce of D. officinale and showed no phytotoxicity. The effect of these fungicides on the growth of D. candidum was tested,and proved that all the fungicides were safe and harmless to D. candidum. This study provides a research basis for the safe and effective prevention and control gray mold of D. officinale.

Objective: To study whether hypoalbuminemia after pediatric cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) for cardiac surgery is a risk factor for postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI)., Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 1 110 children who underwent CPB surgery between 2012 and 2016. According to the minimum serum albumin within 48 hours postoperatively, these patients were divided into hypoalbuminemia group (≤35 g/L) and normal albumin group (>35 g/L). The two groups were compared in terms of perioperative data and the incidence of AKI. Furthermore, the incidence of AKI was compared again after propensity score matching for the unbalanced factors during the perioperative period. The perioperative risk factors for postoperative AKI were analyzed by logistic regression., Results: The overall incidence rate of postoperative AKI was 13.78% (153/1 110), and the mortality rate was 2.52% (28/1 110). The mortality rate of children with AKI was 13.1% (20/153). The patients with hypoalbuminemia after surgery (≤35 g/L) accounted for 44.50% (494/1 110). Before and after propensity score matching, the hypoalbuminemia group had a significantly higher incidence of AKI than the normal albumin group (P<0.05). The children with AKI had a significantly lower serum albumin level after surgery than those without AKI (P<0.05). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed albumin ≤35 g/L was one of the independent risk factors for postoperative AKI., Conclusions: Albumin ≤35 g/L within 48 hours postoperatively is an independent risk factor for postoperative AKI in children after CPB surgery.

In this study， an endophytic bacteria strain BZJN1 was isolated from Atractylodes macrocephala， and identified as Bacillus subtilis by physiological and biochemical tests and molecular identification. Strain BZJN1 could inhibit the growth of mycelia of Ceratobasidium sp. significantly， and the inhibition rate was more than 70%. The mycelium growth deformity with bulge as spherical and partially exhaustible in apex or central with microscopic observation. The inhibitory rates under 3% and 6% concentrations of the cell free fermentation were 22.7% and 38.7% expectively. The field test proved that the control efficacy of treatment of 1×10⁸ cfu·mL⁻¹ is 75.27% and 72.37% after 10 and 20 days. All the treatments of strain BZJN1 was able to promote the growth of A. macrocephala， the treatment of 1×10⁸ cfu·mL⁻¹ could able to increase the yield to 14.1%., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

Acute Stanford type A aortic dissection with important branches involved is more complex, could lead to organ malperfusion syndrome even organ failure. The understanding of pathological anatomy, classification, staging, and the pathophysiological change has increasingly mature, but not complete. In addition, the treatment strategy for complex lesions is diversified, some questions may not reach consensus. Fully understanding of the anatomical and pathophysiology is very important for surgeons to choose reasonable treatment strategy. As the rapid development of the basic research, imaging techniques and the concept of surgery procedures, the manage technique of Stanfrod type A dissection and branch vessels at the same time is getting seriously, the related issues also need further discussions.

On the basis of various leaf functional traits of different-aged Robinia pseudoacacia communities, as well as the relationships between the traits and soil nutrients, the adaptation strategy of R. pseudoacacia in relation to soil conditions was analyzed in Ansai County, the Loess Plateau, China. The results showed that specific leaf area, leaf area, leaf water content, leaf total nitrogen content and leaf organic carbon content first increased and then decreased with the increasing stand age. The peak values of specific leaf area (279.18 cm 2 ·g -1 ), leaf area (12.33 cm 2 ), leaf water content (0.09%), leaf total nitrogen content (33.01 g·kg -1 ) and leaf organic carbon content (523.08 g·kg -1 ) were obtained at 30 years old. With the increasing stand age, leaf tissue density, leaf total phosphorus content, leaf thickness and stomata density increased, and stomata length and stomata width decreased. Leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf total phosphorus content, leaf water content, leaf thicknessand stomata density were the main indexes based on principal component analysis (PCA), for R. pseudoacacia leaf functional traits responding to the increased stand age. The indexes were correlated with each other, indicating that R. pseudoacacia was capable of changing leaf morphological structure to adapt to environmental changes. Soil total nitrogen content was the main factor influencing leaf area, leaf water content, specific leaf area and stomata length, while soil organic carbon content mainly affected stomata width, leaf tissue density, leaf thickness, leaf total phosphorus content, leaf total nitrogen content and stomata density. Therefore, soil total nitrogen and organic carbon content were main factors that affected leaf functional traits of R. pseu-doacacia in different stand ages. Soil nutrients in R. pseudoacacia communities were improved with the increasing stand age, which eventually affected leaf functional traits. The flexibility of leaf functional traits indicated that R. pseudoacacia communities had great potential to adapt to environmental change in Loess Plateau hilly region.

Objective: To evaluate the application value of evoked potentials (EP) monitoring in patients undergoing aorta-iliac bypass for total thoracoabdominal aorta aneurysm repair (tTAAAR)., Methods: A prospective study, with a total of 31 patients undergoing tTAAAR and intraoperative EP monitoring from June 2014 to April 2015 was carried out. The results of intraoperative evoked potentials, clinical outcomes and follow-up data of patients were collected for further evaluation., Results: The EP wave disappeared [motor evoked potentials for (55.6±18.1) min, somatosensory evoked potentials for (50.3±18.7) min] after proximal descending aorta being clamped, and gradually recovered after the segment arteries of spine cord were reconstructed. The EP wave was restored to normal level at the end of operation in all the cases. The somatosensory evoked potentials remained unchanged in 2 cases (false negative). One case died after operation. No spinal cord injury occurred. The median follow-up after operation was 10 months (5-14 months). There was no delayed neurological deficit., Conclusion: EP provided an on-line monitoring of the condition of spinal cord function, which become an intraoperative protocol to avoid the irreversible injury of spinal cord.

Objective: To establish a C57BL/6 mouse sarcoidosis granuloma model elicited by mycobacterial superoxide dismutase A peptide (SodA)., Methods: Thirty female C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided equally into 5 groups: a combination (SodA+Sepharose) group, a SodA group, a IFA (incomplete Freund's adjuvant) group, a sepharose group and a blank control group. On the first day, the combination group and the SodA group were sensitized by subcutaneous injection of 50 µg SodA incorporated into IFA 0.25 ml. The IFA group and the Sepharose group were treated with subcutaneous injection of IFA 0.25 ml and PBS 0.25 ml respectively, while the blank control group was not given any treatment. On the 14th day, the combination group was challenged by tail vein injection of 50 µg SodA covalently coupled to 6000 agarose 4B beads (in PBS 0.5 ml) . The SodA group was challenged by tail-vein injection of 50 µg SodA (in PBS 0.5 ml) . The IFA group and the Sepharose group were treated by tail-vein injection of 6000 agarose 4B beads (in PBS 0.5 ml) , while the blank control group was not given any treatment. On the 22th day, the mice were dissected and the gross and pathological changes of lymph nodes and lungs were observed. Immunohistochemisty was used to identify Mac-2 and CD(+)4T in granuloma. Counts and differentials of BALF cells were measured. CD(+)4/CD(+)8 in BALF and cytokines (IFN-γ and IL-12 ) levels in the lungs were detected by flow cytometry., Results: Enlargement of peripheral and pulmonary hilar lymph nodes were found in the combination group and the SodA group, and sarcoidosis granuloma was found in the lymph nodes and lungs of the combination group. Sarcoidosis granuloma was also found in the lymph nodes but not in the lungs of the SodA group. No sarcoidosis granuloma was observed in the lungs and lymph nodes of the IFA group, the Sepharose group and the blank control group. Macrophage specific antigen Mac-2 and CD(+)4T were positive in the core and rim of the granuloma respectively. The lymphocyte percentages in the BALF of the combination group and the SodA group [(19.4 ± 6.5)% and (22.3 ± 8.5)%] were significantly higher than that in the IFA group, the Sepharose group and the blank control group [(8.5 ± 4.3)%, (7.7 ± 3.4)%, (0.8 ± 0.6%)] (P < 0.05 ). CD(+)4/CD(+)8 in the BALF of the combination group and the SodA group (3.5 ± 1.4, 3.2 ± 1.1) were significantly higher than that in the IFA group and the Sepharose group (1.2 ± 0.5, 1.0 ± 0.4) (P < 0.05 ). IFN-γ and IL-12 in the lungs of the combination group and the SodA group [IFN-γ:(32.9 ± 9.7) ng/L, (26.4 ± 7.2) ng/L; IL-12: (29.6 ± 9.4) ng/L, (26.1 ± 8.9) ng/L]were significantly higher than those of the IFA group, the Sepharose group and the blank control group [IFN-γ: (16.5 ± 6.8) ng/L, (12.2 ± 5.0) ng/L, (9.0 ± 2.6) ng/L; IL-12: (16.7 ± 4.6) ng/L, (13.6 ± 4.4) ng/L, (9.6 ± 5.3) ng/L] (P < 0.05 ). But these indexes were not significantly different between the combination group and the SodA group, and among the IFA group, the Sepharose group and the blank control group (P > 0.05)., Conclusion: SodA can elicit sarcoidosis granuloma in C57BL/6 mice, and the immunological features of the model were similar to those in human sarcoidosis.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of four Ni-Ti rotary instruments on the preparation of L-shaped resin root canals., Methods: 40 L-shaped resin root canals (curvature=38.5°) were divided randomly into four groups: Hero642,Protaper, K3 and Mtwo. Resin root canals were prepared according to the protocols. Preparation time was recorded. Original and postoperative canal images were scanned and superimposed. The preparation effect was evaluated by computer software, such as resin removal amount in inner and outer wall of root canals, change of curvature degree and radius, etc. The data was analyzed with SPSS13.0 software package., Results: The preparing time of K3 was the longest. Mtwo was the shortest(P<0.05). Resin removal amount showed significant difference among the four instruments in inner root canal wall at BC, O and HO as well as in outer root canal wall at AC, HO and O. Protaper achieved the largest tapered canal,but was the worst for centering ability in the bend. Apical transportation increased near to apical foramen. The four Ni-Ti rotary instruments showed no significant difference regarding safety, undesirable shape, change of root canal's curvature degree and radius except two instrument fracture cases (K3 and Protaper) and two step cases(K3). Postoperative working length tended to be shorter,and root canals were straightened., Conclusions: Mtwo prepares simulated resin curved root canals fast. Postoperative root canal's taper by Protaper is significantly larger than Hero642. The 4 Ni-Ti rotary instruments perform good cutting ability and keep root canal's original curvature well.

Objective: To investigate the protective role of inducible heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) against damage induced by formaldehyde., Methods: Human bronchial epithelium (HBE) cells were transfected with plasmid harboring hsp70 gene to increase the protein expression level. HBE cells transfected with pcDNA3.1 plasmid were used as transfection control and HBE cells cultured at normal condition served as control. Three groups were marked as HBE/hsp70, HBE/pcDNA and HBE. Hsp70 expression levels of 3 groups were detected. The cells of HBE/hsp70 and HBE groups were exposed to different concentrations of formaldehyde (0,0.39,1.56,6.25 mmol/L) for 4 h. The contents of GSH and MDA were measured, and KCl-SDS method was applied to measure DNA-protein crosslink (DPC)., Results: Hsp70 level in HBE/hsp70 group increased by 80% compared with HBE group. GSH contents in HBE/hsp70 group significantly increased and were 141.0, 119.6 mg/gpro at 0.39, 1.56 mmol/L, respectively (P<0.01), as compared with HBE group. However, it decreased when formaldehyde concentration increased to 6.25 mmol/L. While GSH content in HBE group remained decreasing. MDA contents in HBE/hsp70 and HBE group increased with formaldehyde. MDA content in HBE/hsp70 was 0.088 micromol/gpro and significantly lower than that (0.138 micromol/gpro) in HBE group (P<0.05) when formaldehyde concentration was 1.56 mmol/L, At the formaldehyde dose of 6.25 mmol/L MDA content in HBE/hsp70 was 0.140 micromol/gpro which was significantly lower than that (0.289 micromol/gpro) in HBE group (P<0.01). DPC% in two groups increased with formaldehyde. At the formaldehyde dose of 0.39 mmol/L, DPC% in HBE/hsp70 group was 3.94% which was significantly lower than that (6.25%) in HBE group (P< 0.01). At the formaldehyde dose of 1.56 mmol/L, DPC% in HBE/hsp70 group was 11.86% which was significantly lower than that (20.89%) in HBE group (P<0.05)., Conclusion: Hsp70 can reduce formaldehyde-induced damages in human bronchial epithelium cells in vitro.

Objective: To investigate the feature brain damage and clinical manifestations in neuromyelitis optica (NMO) patients; To investigate the relationship between serum NMO-IgG antibody and NMO brain damage., Methods: Clinical data of 37 NMO patients and their head and spinal cord MRI by 1.5T superconducting MR scanner, were analyzed; serum NMO-IgG antibody were measured by immunofluorescence., Results: 17 cases were found to have abnormal signals on MRI, which were mainly in the white matter, pons, medulla, ventricle, aqueduct, and around the corpus callosum; According to pathological changes, brain damage can be divided into scattered irregularity (13 cases), fusion (3 cases), multiple sclerosis-like (1 case), with scattered irregularity more common, 5 cases had clinical manifestations of brain damage: somnolence, vomiting, diplopia, visual rotation, 11 cases patients with brainstem damage show positive serum NMO-IgG antibodies., Conclusions: Brain damage can be seen in half of NMO patients, they often located in the high expression area of AQP4: brain white matter, periventricular, brainstem and so on. Clinical symptoms has nothing to do with the size of lesions but the location, they often occur when brainstem was involved. Serum NMO-IgG is helpful in differentiating NMO with brain damage and MS.

Objective: To study the possible role of JNK1, Raf-1 and Livin in the carcinogenesis of sporadic colorectal tubular adenoma., Methods: Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of JNK1, Raf-1 and Livin proteins in 65 sporadic colorectal tubular adenomas with dysplasia of varying degrees and 22 colorectal tubular adenoma with cancerous area., Results: In normal colorectal mucosa, colorectal tubular adenoma with dysplasia and colorectal tubular adenoma with cancerous area, the positive rate of JNK1, Raf-1 and Livin expression was increased gradually. The positive expression of JNK1, Raf-1 and Livin was all significantly higher in the cases of colorectal tubular adenoma with dysplasia or with cancerous area than that in normal colorectal mucosa (P < 0.05), and the positive expression of JNK1, Raf-1 and Livin was significantly higher in colorectal tubular adenoma with cancerous area than that in colorectal tubular adenoma with dysplasia of different degrees (P < 0.05). In the cases of colorectal tubular adenoma with dysplasia of varying degrees, the positive expression of Raf-1 was increased along with the increasing dysplasia degree of colorectal tubular adenoma (P < 0.05). Coexpression of JNK1, Raf-1 and Livin increased gradually in the carcinogenesis of sporadic colorectal tubular adenoma, while positive correlation was found among the expressions of JNK1, Raf-1 and Livin., Conclusion: JNK1, Raf-1 and Livin may be involved in the carcinogenesis of sporadic colorectal tubular adenoma.

Objective: To investigate the differences between the lung injuries induced by seawater and freshwater drowning in a rabbit model., Methods: Forty-two New Zealand rabbits were divided randomly into three groups: control group (C, n = 18), freshwater drowning group (F, n = 12), seawater drowning group (S, n = 12). The drowning model was established by pouring seawater or freshwater (2 ml/kg) into the respiratory tract through a tracheal catheter. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were monitored continually. Respiratory rate (RR), blood gas analysis and electrolyte contents of every rabbit were observed at different time. The lung wet to dry weight (W/D) ratio and lung permeability index (LPI) were calculated. The contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured by biochemical method. The expressions of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). At the same time, the changes in pathology were studied with by hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining, and lung pathologic score (LPS) was calculated., Results: There was no significant difference in blood electrolyte contents and HR among the three groups (all P > 0.05). In freshwater drowning, there was a temporary increase of MAP at 5 minutes, RR increased immediately, and partial pressure of carbon dioxide in artery (PaCO(2)) and base excess (BE) were persistently decreased (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Oxygenation index (PaO(2)/FiO(2)) fell to (297.8+/-81.3) mm Hg (1 mm Hg = 0.133 kPa) at 0.5 hour, then elevated to over 300 mm Hg rapidly, and then reverted to initiative level in around 2 hours. There were several edematous and petechial areas on the dependent region of the lung. Alveolar collapse and parenchymal congestion were the main pathological features. W/D ratio and LPI showed no remarkable change. In lung tissue, the level of LPS, MPO, MDA, TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta had a significant increase, while SOD had a significant decrease (P < 0.05 or P <0.01). In S group, respiratory symptoms were more serious; edematous and congestive areas of the lung were more extensive, and the dependent region showed hepatization changes. W/D ratio and LPI consisted of elevated significantly (all P < 0.01). The pathological characteristics were massive inflammatory cell infiltration and more serious alveolar edema. Compared with F group, the extent of up- or down-regulation of RR, MAP, PaO(2)/FiO(2), PaCO(2), BE, inflammatory media and cytokines in S group was more prominent and steady, and S 6-hour group had a higher pathological score than S 3-hour group and F group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01)., Conclusion: Seawater and freshwater drowning could not only injure pulmonary parenchymal cells directly, but also induce acute inflammatory reaction. Lung injury induced by seawater is severer than that by freshwater.

Objective: To explore the effects of hyperosmotic fluid and low temperature on hemorrhage and coagulation system after immersion of dogs with open abdominal wounds in seawater., Methods: Twenty healthy dogs were subjected to open abdominal injury, then dogs were randomized equally into two groups: the control group (n=10) (without seawater immersion) and seawater immersion group (n=10). The variables of prothrombin time (PT), partial thromboplastin time (APTT), D-dimer and factor II, granule membrane protein-140 (GMP-140), endothelin-1 (ET-1) were determined., Results: PT and APTT were significantly prolonged. D-dimer, GMP-140, and ET-1 were increased, while factor II was decreased after the dog with open abdominal wound was immersed in seawater (all P<0.05). Compared with the variables of control group, PT, APTT, D-dimer and factor II, ET-1 in seawater immersion group had markedly changed (all P<0.05) except GMP-140 at different time points (all P>0.05)., Conclusion: Obvious vascular endothelial cell dysfunction, platelet activation, inhibition of coagulation factor activity, coagulopathy, and disorders in thrombosis and fibrinolysis system activation occur after dogs with open abdominal wounds are immersed in seawater.

Objective: To study the effects of lung protective ventilation and pentoxifylline (PTX) on acute lung injury (ALI) caused by open chest wound with seawater inundation of the thoracic cavity., Methods: A model of ALI caused by open chest wound and seawater inundation of thoracic cavity was reproduced in dogs. Twenty-four healthy dogs were randomly divided into four groups: no-treatment group (group A), ordinary treatment group (group B), lung protective ventilation treatment group (group C), and lung protective ventilation and PTX treatment group (group D). The parameters of hemodynamics, arterial blood gas analysis, plasma osmotic pressure and serum electrolytes in dogs were determined at 0 and 6 hours after injury and at 2 and 4 hours after treatment. Blood samples and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were collected to assess the changes in cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-8., Results: The arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO(2)) and oxygenation index (PaO(2)/FiO(2)) in group B were still lower than normal values at 2 and 4 hours after treatment, but those parameters in group C and group D distinctly recovered. The parameters of hemodynamics, plasma osmotic pressure and serum electrolytes were all normalized in group B, C and D at 2 and 4 hours after treatment compared with those in group A. The levels of TNF-alpha in peripheral blood in group C and the TNF-alpha and IL-8 levels in peripheral blood and IL-6, IL-8 levels in BALF in group D were significantly lower than those in group A and group B after treatment. The TNF-alpha in peripheral blood and IL-8 levels in BALF in group D were also significantly lower than those in group C after treatment., Conclusion: Lung protective ventilation is an effective method in the treatment of ALI caused by open chest wound with inundation of seawater in thoracic cavity. PTX can inhibit inflammatory reaction in the lung and peripheral blood.

Objective: To investigate the expression of the Hsp27 and Hsp70 in A549 cells treated with heat and BPDE., Methods: A549 cells cultured in vitro were divided into heat stress group and BPDE group. Cells cultured at 37 degrees C used as control. The heat stress group was exposed to heat at different temperature (39 degrees C, 42 degrees C and 43 degrees C) for 2h. The BPDE group was treated with different concentrations of BPDE (0, 2, 4 and 8 micromol/L). Western-blot was used for the Hsp27 and Hsp70 expression analysis., Results: In heat stress group, Hsp27 expression levels significantly increased compared to the control (P < 0.05) and reached its peak at 39 degrees C. Hsp70 expression level also increased after heat stress. It reached the peak at 42 degrees C and was higher than that of the control with significance (P < 0.05). In BPDE group, Hsp27 and Hsp70 expression levels were higher than those of the control. Hsp27 reached a maximum at 8 micromol/L, the highest concentration of BPDE in this experiment, and was significantly higher than that of the control (P < 0.05). But it was still on its elevatory phase. Hsp70 reached its peak at 4 micromol/L and was significantly higher than that of the control at 4 micromol/L and 8 micromol/L., Conclusion: Both heat and BPDE can induce the expressions of Hsp27 and Hsp70. In heat stress group, the Hsp27 and Hsp70 levels reached their peaks at 39 degrees C and 42 degrees C. In BPDE group, the expressional levels of Hsp27 and Hsp70 reached their peaks at 8 micromol/L and 4 micromol/L.

Objective: To study the pathogens in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), especially the prevalence of atypical pathogens., Methods: A prospective study was performed on 103 consecutive adult patients with CAP between November 2001 and June 2002. Antibodies of the paired serum samples to Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophilia, and Chlamydia pneumoniae were detected. The P1 adhesion gene of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and the 16S ribosome gene specific for Chlamydia pneumoniae were detected with polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Legionella antigen in urine was detected using enzyme immunoassay (EIA) method. Sputum samples were collected for culture, and bacteria were isolated and identified using conventional methods., Results: The etiology of CAP was identified in 50 (48.5%) patients. The distribution of causal agents was as follows: Mycoplasma pneumoniae in 23 (22.3%) cases, Legionella pneumophilia 3 (2.9%), Chlamydia pneumoniae 2 (1.9%), streptococcus pneumoniae 12 (11.7%), Haemophilus influenzae 9 (8.7%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae 7(6.8%). In 6 patients (5.8%) more than one causal agent were found, among them Mycoplasma pneumoniae was found in 5 cases with mixed infections., Conclusions: Atypical pathogens especially Mycoplasma pneumoniae have an important role in CAP. Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae remain the most common bacteria, and mixed infection should not be ignored.

Objective: To observe the effects of treatment with long-term continuous epoprostenol (Epo) infusion on the survival and pulmonary artery pressure in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH)., Methods: Sixty nine patients with PPH and congestive heart failure of stage III or IV (classification by New York Heart Association) treated with Epo of initial dose of 2 - 62 ng x kg(-1) x min(-1) (the dosage was enhanced by 1 - 2 ng x kg(-1) x min(-1) every 2 months according to patient's response). All patients underwent right heart catheterization and Doppler echocardiography to measure the systolic pressure gradient between the right ventricle and right atrium (DeltaP) and the cardiac output (CO). Doppler echocardiography and catheterization data were compared. Patients were followed up with echocardiography once every 4 months., Results: Of 69 patients treated with Epo 17 were followed up for > 330 days. During this period, DeltaP decreased from (84.1 +/- 24.1) mm Hg to (62.7 +/- 18.2) mm Hg (P < 0.01), CO increased from (4.00 +/- 1.22) L/min to (4.70 +/- 1.27) L/min (P < 0.02), DeltaP/CO decreased from 22.8 +/- 9.4 to 14.9 +/- 6.5 (P < 0.01). The patient survival was improved., Conclusions: Patients with PPH treated with continuous infusion of Epo experienced a decrease in pulmonary artery pressure and an increase in cardiac output. Long-term follow-up of some patients of the group demonstrated improved survival during the period of Epo therapy.

Using a self-made bag inhalation challenge device. We diagnosed 12 TDI asthmatics, who were from 18 symptomatic workers. Of the 12 cases there were three types of airway reaction to TDI: three showed an immediate response; six, a late response; three, a dual response. After inhalation challenge, FEV1 PEFR, V50, and V25 descended obviously, suggesting that airway response to TDI in TDI asthmatics might occur in either larger or small airway. As a result of methacholine challenge nonspecific bronchial reactivity in 12 TDI asthmatics was markedly increased. After inhalation of TDI, the further descending of PC20 FEV1 showed that TDI could increase airway reaction to methacholine. Patients received skin test with TDI-HSA conjugate. There were positive response in 11 of the 12 TDI asthmatics and in 11 of the 62 TDI workers who had no symptoms after exposure to TDI, and no positive response in 18 common asthma patients. Therefore, TDI-HSA skin test can be used to a assist diagnosis of TDI asthma and a differential diagnosis from ordinary asthma. Specific IgE antibody levels showed no difference between TDI asthma and normal control group before TDI challenge. A marked increase in TDI asthma occurred after TDI challenge.