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Objective To explore the effects of mechanical ventilation and mechanical ventilation combined with phrenic nerve electrical stimulation on the morphology of the phrenic nerve-diaphragm neuromuscular junction in rats. Methods The rats were divided into a control group (CON group, n = 6); an 18-hour mechanical ventilation group (MV group, n = 6); an 18-hour ventilation combined with sham electrical stimulation group (S-MS group, n = 6); and an 18-hour ventilation combined with electrical stimulation group (MS group, n = 6), in which the diaphragm contraction force was detected through the biological signal acquisition system, the stimulation frequency-contraction curve was fitted, and the muscle fatigue index was calculated. The muscle fiber crosssectional area (CSA) of the diaphragm specimen was observed through HE staining; the endplate membrane area of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) was observed through immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining of the diaphragm combined with laser confocal technology. Results As compared with the CON group, the contractility of isolated diaphragm muscles in the MV group and S-MS group decreased; the fatigue resistance of isolated diaphragm, as compared with the CON group (0.686 8 ± 0.049 42), decreased in the MV group (0.360 3 ± 0.066 89) and the S-MS group (0.367 9 ± 0.034 94), with a greater decline in the MS group (0.536 2 ± 0.054 38); as compared with the CON group [674.3(523.9, 863.6)], diaphragm CSA was reduced in the MV group [374.5(293.3, 522.7)] and S-MS group [392.8(309.5, 542.6)], with a relatively lower reduction in the MS group [592.7(425.1, 820.0)]; as compared with the CON group [393.7(293.5, 471.3)], the diaphragm endplate membrane area decreased in the MV group [289.7(227.0, 354.2)] and S-MS group [243.1(190.8, 331.7)], with a lower degree of reduction in the MS group [331.0(262.8, 413.7). Conclusions Mechanical ventilation causes diaphragm dysfunction in rats and decreases the endplate membrane area of the diaphragm NMJ. Bilateral phrenic nerve electrical stimulation for 10 min/h can improve diaphragm dysfunction and changes in the endplate membrane area of the diaphragm NMJ caused by mechanical ventilation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the application effect of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) combined with propofol in painless gastrointestinal endoscopy. Methods A total of 105 patients who underwent gastrointestinal endoscopy were randomly divided into propofol+fentanyl group (P+F group), propofol+TEAS group (P+T group), and propofol+placebo-TEAS group (P+P group), with 35 patients in each group. All patients were induced to deep sedation by the anesthesiologist using propofol before gastroscopy; the patients in the P+F group were given intravenously injected fentanyl 50 μg before gastroscopy, those in the P+T group received placement of electrodes at the acupoints at 30 minutes before examination and were given electrical stimulation till the end of the examination, and those in the P+P group received placement of electrodes at the acupoints alone without electrical stimulation. The patients were recorded in terms of pain score and the amount of propofol used du-ring examination, the time to recovery from anesthesia after examination, and the incidence rate of adverse reactions during or after examination, as well as the degree of satisfaction among patients and physicians. Results Compared with the P+P group, the P+F and P+T groups had a significant reduction in pain score (H=23.16,P0.05), while the P+F group had significantly higher degrees of vertigo, nausea, and vomiting than the other two groups (H=40.97-44.79,P

OBJECTIVE: To probe into the clinical efficacy of Wenyang Huoxue Tongluo decoction combined with transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation in the treatment of discogenic low back pain and its effects on serum prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α (6-keto-PGF1ɑ). METHODS: A total of 112 patients with discogenic low back pain admitted into the hospital from Jun. 2021 to Jun. 2022 were extracted to be divided into the control group and study group via the random number method, with 56 cases in each group. The control group was treated with transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation, while the research group received Wenyang Huoxue Tongluo decoction combined with transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation. The course of treatment in both groups was 2 weeks. The curative effect was statistical at the end of the course of treatment. The traditional Chinese medicine syndrome scores, efficacy index and brain low-frequency fluctuations(ALFF), neuromuscular function, serum sclerostatin (SOST), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), PGE2 and 6-keto-PGF1ɑ before and after treatment were compared between two groups. RESULTS: The total effective rate of the research group was 96. 43% (54 / 56), significantly higher than 83. 93% (47 / 56) of the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0. 05). After treatment, the scores of cold limbs, numb limbs, local fixation tingling and purple dark limbs in research group were significantly lower than those in control group, with statistically significant differences (P<0. 05). After treatment, JOA score and leg lift in research group were significantly higher than those in control group, sitting time was significantly longer than that in control group, and VAS score was significantly lower than that in control group; the mean iEMG and mean RMS of muscle dorsal group were significantly higher than those of control group, serum levels of SOST, TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly lower than those of control group, serum levels of PGE2, 6-keto-PGF1ɑ were significantly lower than those of control group, the ALEF of left and right middle occipital gyrus was higher than that of control group, with statistically significant differences (P<0. 05). CONCLUSIONS: The efficacy of Wenyang Huoxue Tongluo decoction combined with transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation in the treatment of patients with discogenic low back pain is significant, which can reduce the levels of serum PGE2 and 6-keto-PGF1ɑ, and relieve pain. The mechanism may be by changing the ALEF of the resting state of the brain, while enhancing neuromuscular function and decreasing SOST expression levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of repetitive facilitative exercise combined with low-frequency acupoint electrical stimulation therapy in the recovery of patients with upper limb motor dysfunction after stroke. Methods Sixty-two patients with upper limb motor dysfunction after stroke were divided into the observation group (n = 31) and control group (n=31). Patients in the control group were treated with conventional rehabilitation training combined with low-frequency acupoint electrical stimulation in Department of Neurology, and those in the observation group were treated with repetitive facilitative exercise besides the interventions in the control group. The efficacy of the two groups was evaluated by Fugl-Meyer Motor Assessment (FMA) scale, Modified Ashworth scale (MAS) and Modified Barthel Index (MBI) scale before treatment and at 2 weeks after treatment, respectively. Results The FMA scores after treatment were significantly higher than pre-treatment scores in two groups, the FMA scores in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group, and the difference of the FMA scores between pre- and post-treatment in the observation group was significantly larger compared with that in the control group (all P<0.05). After treatment, the MAS grade was decreased compared with that before treatment in two groups, and the degree of grade decrease in the observation group was greater than that in the control group (all P<0.05). The MBI scores after treatment were higher than those before treatment in two groups, the MBI scores in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, and the difference of the MBI scores between pre- and post-treatment in the observation group was larger than that in the control group (all P<0.05). Conclusion Repetitive facilitative exercise combined with low-frequency acupoint electrical stimulation therapy yields high efficacy in the recovery of upper limb motor function, mitigation of muscular spasm and improvement of daily living capability after stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the effect of brain biomimetic electrical stimulation combined with Ginkgo biloba injection on hearing threshold gain and cochlear function in the treatment of sudden deafness. Methods: A total of 140 cases of patients with sudden deafness admitted to our hospital from October 2020 to October 2023 were selected and divided into observation group and matched group, with 70 cases each. The matched group patients received treatment with Ginaton injection, while the observation group received treatment with brain biomimetic electrical stimulation combined with Ginaton injection. Compare the clinical efficacy, cochlear function and hearing threshold gain before and Post-treatment between two groups of patients, as well as changes in anti endothelial cell antibody (AECA), soluble vascular intercellular adhesion factor-1 (sVCAM-1), endothelin (ET) related blood biomarker levels, and hemorheological indicators. Results: The total effective rate of the observation group was higher than that of the matched group(P<0.05); Pretherapy, there was no difference in the pure tone air conduction hearing threshold and decibels of hearing loss between the two groups of patients(P>0.05). Post-treatment, the pure tone air conduction hearing threshold and decibels of hearing loss decreased in both groups, with the observation group being lower than the matched group. At the same time, the gain value of the observation group's hearing threshold was higher than that of the matched group(P<0.05); Pretherapy, there was no difference in the levels of AECA, sVCAM-1, and ET between the two groups of patients(P>0.05). Post-treatment, both groups decreased, with the observation group being lower than the matched group(P<0.05); There was no difference in plasma viscosity and whole blood viscosity between the two groups(P>0.05), which decreased Post-treatment, and the observation group was lower than the matched group(P<0.05). Conclusion: Brain biomimetic electrical stimulation combined with Ginaton injection can enhance the therapeutic effect of sudden deafness, improve cochlear function, increase hearing threshold, and reduce the expression levels of blood markers AECA, sVCAM-1, and ET related to sudden deafness, reducing blood hypercoagulability. It is worth promoting in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Conductive biomaterials are considered potential candidates for transmitting electrical signals for myocardial repair. Combining cell-based or cellfree strategies with conductive biomaterials to replenish cardiomyocytes and/or restore electrical signaling pathways is a promising approach for cardiac repair. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of polypyrrole-chitosan conductive composite hydrogel on cardiac function in rats with myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. METHODS: The polypyrrole-chitosan conductive composite hydrogel was prepared by chemical oxidative polymerization. The micromorphology, biocompatibility and conductivity of the hydrogels were characterized. Thirty adult SD rats were selected to establish a myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury model by clamping the left anterior descending branch of the heart and then releasing it. After 21 days of modeling, the rats were divided into three groups by the random number table method: Normal saline was injected into the left ventricular infarction area and infarction margin area in the blank group. Chitosan hydrogel was injected into the left ventricular infarction area and infarction margin area in the ordinary hydrogel group. The polypyrrole-chitosan conductive composite hydrogel was injected into the left ventricular infarction area and infarction margin area, with 10 rats in each group. The corresponding time points after modeling were set, and cardiac mechanical function (echocardiogram, pressure-volume analysis), cardiac electrophysiology (electrocardiogram, programmed electrical stimulation, optical mapping technology, microelectrode array technology, eight-lead electrocardiogram, and electrical resistivity of the scar area) and cardiac histology were detected. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) There were a lot of pores on the surface of the conductive composite hydrogel, and the conductivity was (3.19±0.03)× 10-3 mS/cm, which had good biocompatibility co-cultured with smooth muscle cells. (2) After 105 days of modeling, echocardiogram and pressure-volume analysis showed that compared with the blank group and the ordinary hydrogel group, the conductive composite hydrogel could significantly improve the contractile function of the heart of rats with myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. The results of electrocardiogram, programmed electrical stimulation, optical mapping technology, microelectrode array technology, eight-lead electrocardiogram, and electrical resistivity of the scar area examination at 105 days after modeling displayed that, compared with the blank group and the ordinary hydrogel group, the conductive composite hydrogel could significantly improve the electrical conduction function of the heart of rats with myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and reduce the occurrence of arrhythmia. Masson staining of heart tissue at 105 days after modeling exhibited that there were different degrees of fibrosis in the myocardial infarction area of the three groups. Compared with the normal saline group and the ordinary hydrogel group, the conductive hydrogel group had more normal myocardial tissue and less fibrosis in the myocardial infarction area. (3) The results verify that polypyrrole-chitosan conductive composite hydrogel may promote the repair of infarcted heart after ischemia-reperfusion injury by increasing the electrical conduction velocity of infarct scar area tissue, increasing scar thickness, enhancing synchronous cardiac contraction, and reducing damaged tissue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Electrical stimulation is a physical method that can be used to induce various cellular activities such as cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. The induction of osteogenic differentiation of stem cells will be beneficial in the field of bone regeneration. OBJECTIVE: To observe whether micro-current field can promote the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells. METHODS: The fresh human umbilical cord tissue was cut to obtain umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells, which were inoculated into a 6-well plate after cell culture and passage to the third generation. After 24 hours, the cells were cultured under a stimulation of 0, 50, and 100 mV/mm micro-electric field, at a frequency of 1 hour per day for 3 continuous days. The growth and morphological changes of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells were observed by a microscope. The cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8 assay and EdU staining. Alizarin red staining was used to detect the osteogenic differentiation ability of cells. Western blot assay was used to determine the expression of ERK signal pathway proteins. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The optical density value and the number of proliferating cells in 50 and 100 mV/mm groups were significantly higher than those of the unstimulated group (P < 0.05). (2) Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells could be induced to differentiate into osteocytes before and after micro-electric field stimulation, but the differentiation rate of 50 and 100 mV/mm groups was faster than that of unstimulated groups. (3) The protein expression of p-ERK1/2 in the 50 and 100 mV/mm groups was higher than that in the unstimulated group, and significant difference was detected between the 100 mV/mm group and the unstimulated group (P < 0.05). (4) Micro-electric field can promote the proliferation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells, and the mechanism may be achieved by promoting the phosphorylation of ERK. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Lower limb peri-knee muscle strength training and neuromuscular electrical stimulation are generally safe and effective rehabilitation methods for patellofemoral joint pain, but the mechanism of their intervention is still unclear. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of muscle strength training combined with neuromuscular electrical stimulation on pain, lower extremity function and biomechanical characteristics in patients with patellofemoral pain. METHODS: Thirty-seven patients with patellofemoral pain were randomly divided into muscle strength training combined with electrical stimulation group (trial group, n=19) and muscle strength training group (control group, n=18). Both groups underwent intervention training for 6 weeks, three times a week. The visual analog scale and anterior knee pain scale were used to evaluate the pain level and functional level of the knee. Kinematic and kinetics data during running were collected by using an infrared motion capture system and a three-dimensional force platform simultaneously. A two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures (group*time) was applied to analyze the data. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) After the intervention, the visual analog scale scores of the trial group and the control group were significantly decreased (P < 0.001), and the anterior knee pain scale scores were significantly increased (Ptrial group < 0.001, Pcontrol group=0.001) in the trial group and control group. The anterior knee pain scale scores of the trial group were significantly higher compared to the control group after the intervention (P=0.001). (2) The peak knee flexion angle (P=0.011), peak knee extension moment (P < 0.001), the peak knee internal rotation moment (P=0.008), the peak patellofemoral stress (P < 0.001) and the peak patellofemoral contact force (P < 0.001) were significantly decreased in the trial and control groups during running after the intervention compared with those before the intervention. (3) In conclusion, both muscle strength training and muscle strength training combined with electrical stimulation training are helpful to improve the subjective pain and lower limb function of patellofemoral pain patients, enhance the movement pattern during running and reduce the stress of the patellofemoral joint. Compared with muscle strength training alone, muscle strength training combined with electrical stimulation can improve lower limb function more significantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Clinical Nursing in Practice is the property of Journal of Clinical Nursing in Practice (Editorial Board, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Press) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Functional movement disorder (FMD) is a common subtype of functional neurological disorder (FND). Currently, multi-disciplinary team (MDT) is recommended for FMD. In addition to drug and psychological treatment, rehabilitation treatment is also of great value. Rehabilitation treatment improve the motor control function of patients through the comprehensive application of physical therapy, non-invasive nerve stimulation therapy and occupational therapy, enhance the activities of daily living (ADL). This article reviews the progress of rehabilitation treatment for FMD, so as to provide theoretical basis for accurate rehabilitation treatment for FMD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the effect of real-time three-dimensional pelvic floor ultrasound on the evaluation of the efficacy of postpartum stress urinary incontinence (SUI) patients and its correlation with urodynamics. Methods: 139 postpartum SUI patients who were admitted to Shijiazhuang People’s Hospital from April 2020 to December 2022 were selected, and all patients received pelvic floor biofeedback electrical stimulation combined with pelvic floor muscle exercise. Real-time three-dimensional pelvic floor ultrasound and urodynamic examination were performed before and after treatment. The differences in real-time three-dimensional pelvic floor ultrasound parameters and urodynamic indicators before and after treatment were compared. The correlation between real-time three-dimensional pelvic floor ultrasound parameters and urodynamic indicators were analyzed by Pearson method. Results: Real-time three-dimensional pelvic floor ultrasound image feature showed that the structure inside the pelvic hiatus became loose, the echo became weak, the connective tissue of pelvic organs became loose, the gap widened, pelvic diaphragm hiatus area, urethral rotation angle, bladder urethra posterior angle, and bladder neck mobility was relatively large before treatment. After treatment, the puborectal muscles on both sides of the pelvic diaphragm hiatus were symmetrical, and the pubic visceral muscles showed banded hyperechogenicity, pelvic diaphragm hiatus area, urethral rotation angle, bladder urethra posterior angle, and bladder neck mobility decreased compared with before treatment. After treatment, the pelvic diaphragm hiatus area, urethral rotation angle, bladder urethra posterior angle, and bladder neck mobility decreased in postpartum SUI patients in resting state and Valsalva state compared with before treatment (P＜0.05), the abdominal pressure leakage point pressure and maximum detrusor muscle pressure increased compared with before treatment (P＜0.05) . The pelvic diaphragm hiatus area, urethral rotation angle, bladder urethra posterior angle, and bladder neck mobility in postpartum SUI patients in resting state and Valsalva state were negatively correlated with maximum detrusor muscle pressure, abdominal pressure leakage point pressure (P＜0.05),and it was not related to maximum bladder capacity and residual urine volume (P＞0.05) . Conclusion: The real-time three-dimensional pelvic floor ultrasound parameters in postpartum SUI patients after the treatment of pelvic floor biofeedback electrical stimulation combine with pelvic floor muscle exercise are lower than those before treatment, which is related to improvement in urodynamics. Real-time three-dimensional pelvic floor ultrasound examination can be used in clinical practice, evaluate the clinical efficacy in postpartum SUI patients, and to guide clinical treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the clinical efficacy of neuromuscular electrical stimulation(NMES) combined with intermittent pneumatic compression in the prevention of lower extremity deep venous thrombosis(LEDVT) in patients with craniocerebral trauma, and to provide evidence for the selection of intervention measures to prevent LEDVT. Methods: A total of 72 patients with craniocerebral trauma who were treated at the Lu'an Hospital Affiliated to Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from November 2020 to August 2021 were included in the study. They were randomly divided into control group and an observation group, with 36 patients in each group. The control group was given routine measures plus intermittent pneumatic compression intervention, while the observation group was given NMES based on the control group. Patient data were collected and compared between the two groups in terms of LEDVT status, length of bed, hospital stay,coagulation function indicators (prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), D-dimer (D-D), and fibrinogen (FIB)) levels, blood flow velocity of popliteal vein and common femoral vein,Visual analogue scale (VAS) score, and activities of daily living (ADL) score before and after intervention. Results: The incidence of LEDVT in the observation group was 5.56% (2/36) lower than that 25.00% (9/36) in the control group, and the, length of bed and hospital stay in the observation group was shorter than that in the control group(P<0.05). After intervention, the levels of PT, APTT, D-D, FIB in the two groups were significantly improved compared to those before intervention, and the improvement in the observation group was more significant than that in the control group(P<0.05). After intervention, the blood flow velocity of popliteal vein and common femoral vein and ADL score in the two groups increased compared to those before intervention,while the VAS score decreased compared to those before intervention. The blood flow velocity of popliteal vein and common femoral vein and ADL score in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, while the VAS score were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: NMES combined with intermittent pneumatic compression can shorten the bedtime and hospitalization time of patients with craniocerebral trauma, improve the coagulation function and blood circulation of patients, reduce the occurrence of LEDVT, and help to alleviate pain and improve their ability of live. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: “Tongdu Tiaoshen” electroacupuncture pretreatment is an emerging physiotherapy combining traditional acupuncture with modern electrical stimulation, which has been reported to have significant therapeutic effects on ischemic stroke, but its specific mechanism is still unclear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of “Tongdu Tiaoshen” electroacupuncture pretreatment on cell apoptosis, the relative expression of microRNA-124 (miR124) in the ischemic penumbra and Notch-1, p-JNK and cysteinyl-aspartate specific protease-3 (caspase-3) proteins in the cortex of rats and their possible mechanisms of action. METHODS: Seventy-five male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups (n=15 per group): model group, sham-operated group, electroacupuncture pretreatment group, miR-124 antagomir pretreatment group and electroacupuncture+miR-124 agomir pretreatment group. In the electroacupuncture pretreatment group, 20-minute electroacupuncture at Fengchi, Baihui, and Dazhui was performed once a day, for 7 continuous days. In the miR-124 antagomir pretreatment group, miR-124 antagomir was injected into the lateral ventricle of rats on day 7. In the electroacupuncture+miR-124 agomir pretreatment group, miR-124 agomir was injected based on electroacupuncture pretreatment. Model and sham-operated groups were not treated. After the intervention, animal models were created. In the sham-operated group, the rats were only fixed on the operating board and the vessels were blunt-separated. In the other groups, the right cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury model was established by the middle cerebral artery occlusion method and the Zea Longa suture method. Twenty-four hours after the modeling, the modified neurological severity scoring was performed to determine the damage. TUNEL staining method was then used to measure cell apoptosis in the rat cerebral cortex. Ultrastructure of the rat cerebral cortex was observed under electron microscopy. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the sham-operated group, the modified neurological severity scores were significantly elevated in the other groups (all P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, the miR-124 antagomir pretreatment group and electroacupuncture pretreatment group had significantly reduced modified neurological severity scores (both P < 0.05). Compared with the sham-operated group, the number of apoptotic cells was elevated in the model group (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, the number of apoptotic cells was reduced in the pretreatment groups (all P < 0.01). The model group had more severe defects in cell structure and contents. The electroacupuncture pretreatment group had mild defects in cell structure and contents. Cells in the miR-124 antagomir pretreatment group were more intact. There was damage to cell structure and contents in the electroacupuncture+miR-124 agomir pretreatment group. The relative expressions of caspase-3, Notch-1 and p-JNK proteins in the cortex of rats were significantly lower in the miR-124 antagomir pretreatment and electroacupuncture pretreatment group compared with the model group (all P < 0.01). The relative expression of miR-124-3p and Notch-1 mRNA in the cortex of the pretreated rats was significantly reduced compared with that of the model group (all P < 0.01). The relative expression of caspase-3 mRNA and p-JNK mRNA in the cortex of rats was significantly reduced in the miR-124 antagomir pretreatment and electroacupuncture pretreatment groups compared with the model group (all P < 0.01). The relative expression of p-JNK mRNA in the cortex of rats in the electroacupuncture+miR-124 agomir pretreatment group was also reduced compared with the model group (P < 0.05). To conclude, “Tongdu Tiaoshen” electroacupuncture pretreatment can inhibit the apoptosis of neuronal cells after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by interfering with the expression level of miR-124 in the brain tissue of rats, thereby reducing neurological deficits after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. The mechanism of this action may be related to the positive regulation mechanism of miR-124 on the Notch pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Shot put throwing techniques are divided into spinning and sliding, and must have certain physical qualities such as speed, explosive power, and coordination. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation intervention training on shot put throwing performance and to explore the shot put throwing technique and kinematic differences at each movement stage. Methods: Fifteen male college students who had not received electrical stimulation previously were the research participants. Two high-speed cameras were used to obtain synchronous images of shot put throwing actions of the participants before and after electrotherapy. Three-dimensional kinematic image analysis was performed using the Kwon 3D motion analysis system. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to test differences in shot put parameters at each action stage before and after electrotherapy. Results: Throwing distance was longer (p < .01) and throwing speed was faster (p < .01) after electrotherapy than before electrotherapy. The ankle joint angle with the lowest center of gravity (p < .05), ankle joint angle of the left foot off the ground (p < .01), and ankle joint angle of the right foot was off the ground (p < .05) were greater after electrotherapy than before electrotherapy. The shoulder-hip separation angle in the throwing stage was smaller (p < .05), shoulder-hip separation angle in the turning stage was larger (p < .05), and left ankle joint angle in the turning stage was smaller (p < .05) after electrotherapy than before electrotherapy. Conclusion: Neuromuscular electrical stimulation has an impact on shot put throwing. Appropriate electrical stimulation can enhance muscle activation, increase muscle contraction force, and improve athletic ability and shot put throwing performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the application effect of transcutaneous acupoint electrical stimulation combined with lower limb rehabilitation robot in the rehabilitation of knee joint anterior cruciate ligament injury after reconstruction. Methods: 120 patients who were treated in our hospital from January 2019 to December 2022 for anterior cruciate ligament injury and reconstruction of the knee joint were selected as the research objects. All patients were divided into observation group and matched group, with 60 cases in each group. The patients in the matched group were treated with conventional postoperative rehabilitation, while the patients in the observation group were treated with transcutaneous electrical stimulation of acupoints combined with lower limb rehabilitation robot rehabilitation. The rehabilitation effects, position sense and motion sense, pain and swelling, knee joint function and quality of life of the two groups were compared. Results: The total effective rate of the observation group was higher than that of the matched group (P<0.05); Before treatment, there was no difference between the two groups in the swelling value of affected limbs and VAS score (P>0.05). After treatment, the swelling value the two groups were reduced, and the observation group was lower than the matched group (P<0.05); Before treatment, there was no difference between the two groups in the knee joint 75 degree, 45 degree and 15 degree position perception, knee extension and knee flexion motion perception (P>0.05). After treatment, the knee joint 75 degree, 45 degree and 15 degree position perception, knee extension and knee flexion motion perception of the patients in the two groups decreased, and the patients in the observation group were lower than those in the matched group (P<0.05); Before treatment, there was no difference between the two groups in terms of knee subjective (IKDC) score and knee function (Lysholm) score (P>0.05). After treatment, the score of the two groups were reduced, and the observation group was lower than the matched group (P<0.05); There was no difference in the scores of quality of life between the two groups before treatment (P<0.05). Conclusion: The application oftranscutaneous acupoint electrical stimulation combined with lower limb rehabilitation robot in the rehabilitation of patients with anterior cruciate ligament injury and reconstruction of the knee joint has a significant effect, which can improve the position sense and motion sense of the knee joint, reduce long-term pain and swelling, improve the function of the knee joint, and improve the quality of life of the patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) on primary insomnia. Methods A total of 120 patients with primary insomnia admitted to the The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University from January to December 2021 were randomly divided into conventional treatment and sham stimulation group (control group) and conventional treatment and PEMFs stimulation group (PEMFs group), with 60 patients in each group. Before and after 2 weeks of treatment, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to evaluate the sleep quality, and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) was used to evaluate the severity of insomnia. Results The total effective rate of PEMFs group was higher than that of control group [81.67% (49/60) vs. 41.67% (25/60); χ² = 20.306, P = 0.000]. After treatment, the total PSQI score (F = 228.729, P = 0.000), sleep quality (F = 87.291, P = 0.000), time to fall asleep (F = 181.842, P = 0.000), sleep time (F= 143.355, P = 0.000) and ISI score (F = 361.348, P = 0.000) of the 2 groups were significantly lower than those before treatment. PSQI total score (F = 13.297, P = 0.000), sleep quality (F = 7.573, P = 0.007), time to fall asleep (F = 9.776, P = 0.002), sleep time (F = 8.566, P = 0.004), and ISI score (F = 5.350, P = 0.000) in PEMFs group after treatment were significantly lower than those of the control group. Conclusions PEMFs are safe and effective in the treatment of patient with primary insomnia, which can significantly improve the sleep quality, and can be used as a non - drug treatment for patients with primary insomnia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To analyze the effects of low frequency electrical stimulation combined with rehabilitation training on stroke patients with hemiplegia, motor function and self-efficacy. Methods: A total of 156 stroke patients with hemiplegia admitted to our hospital from May 2019 to January 2022 were selected as research objects and randomly divided into control group and observation group, with 78 cases in each group. The control group was given routine symptomatic support treatment, plus rehabilitation training. The observation group was additionally treated with low-frequency electrical stimulation on the basis of the control group, and the efficacy was evaluated after continuous treatment for 8 weeks. The therapeutic effect was evaluated according to the Brunnstrom grade improvement of lower limbs. lower limb Fugl-Meyer Motor Function Scale (FMA), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), modified Barthel Index (MBI) and general Self-efficacy Scale (GSES) scores were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. Results: The total effective rate of the observation group was 96.15%, which was significantly higher than that of the control group (84.62 %) (P＜0.05). Compared with control group, lower limb FMA score and BBS score in observation group were higher after treatment (P＜0.05). Compared with the control group, the MBI score and GSES score of the observation group were higher after treatment (P＜0.05). Conclusion: Low frequency electrical stimulation combined with rehabilitation training in the treatment of stroke patients with hemiplegia has obvious effects, can effectively improve motor function and quality of life, improve self-efficacy, worthy of further research and application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Electrical stimulation has emerged as a promising technique to save crushed piglets. But only the individual parameter of electrical stimulation was considered in the excessive response of sows. In this study, a systematic investigation was conducted to determine the response of the effectiveness and startle index of sows under different body positions and stimulated voltages. An evaluation was made to clarify the electrical stimulation on the production performance of sows. The field experiment was conducted at a farrowing house in Shandong Province, China, between November and December of 2022. A total of 72 healthy first-born sows were selected and then randomly assigned to 12 treatment groups, with six sows in each group. The waist, flank, and thigh root were selected as the stimulated positions. Electrical stimulation was applied at voltages of 1200, 1600, 2000, and 2400 V, resulting in a total of 12 treatments. The hair was removed from the stimulated positions of all experimental sows, in order to ensure that the positive and negative electrodes of the electrical stimulation device were in close contact with the pig's skin. An electrical stimulation was administered, when the sow side lying. Their body behaviors (lie, sit, stand, and jump) and sounds (silent, grunt, bark, squeal, and bite) were synchronously recorded by a mobile phone camera. An optimal combination was determined for the most appropriate electrical stimulated position and stimulated voltage. The feed intake and growth rate of piglets were measured to verify the impact of appropriate electrical stimulation on the production performance of sows. Two treatment groups of five sows were randomly assigned to the total of 10 healthy first-born sows with a minimum of 12 functional nipples. The newborn piglets were fostered within the first 24 hours after birth. There was no significant difference in the litter weights (P>0.05). Furthermore, the electrical stimulation was applied daily on each lying sow between 08:00-17:00 in the treatment group within the first three days post-partum. There was no intervention in the control group. All sows were fed three times per day from day 8 to 21 of the lactation (weaning age). The results demonstrate that the effective response rate and the startle index of the test sows showed an upward trend, as the voltage increased. The effective response rate of the test sows was below 50% at stimulated voltages of 1200 and 1600 V. However, the effective response rate exceeded 75% in 2000 and 2400 V. Compared with the voltage of 1 200 V, the probability of effective response of the sows under these voltages (2000 and 2400 V) increased by about 21.645 and 52.366 times, respectively, which was extremely significant (P<0.01). The effective response rate of the waist was 70.8% for the stimulated positions, which was higher than the flank and thigh root by 20.8%. The probability of effective response of the waist was nearly 3 times higher than the flank. Lower voltage was negligible to stimulate the standing response of sows. But, the maximum startle index of the sows exceeded 60% at a stimulated voltage of 2400 V. It inferred that the risk of stress reactions of saws increased their production performance. The maximum startle index was lower than 60% at 2000 V. Therefore, electrical stimulation of 2000 V can be recommended to place the electrical stimulation device on the waist, according to the effective response and startle index. The production experiment demonstrated that the feed intake per day (5.50 kg) and weaning litter weight (58.91 kg) of the experimental group under the appropriate electrical stimulation parameters were slightly higher than the control group, which were the average daily feed intake (5.45 kg) and weaning litter weight (58.42 kg). But the differences were not significant (P>0.05). The appropriate parameters (2000 V, waist) had no statistically significant effect on the reproductive performance of sows. These findings can provide valuable reference and data support for the development and application of equipment to rescue piglets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This article aims to use computer model tools to discuss transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for clinical treatment problems, applying ROAST（realistic volumetric ⁃ approach to simulate transcranial electric stimulation）to the analysis of the influence of electrode position errors in the tDCS clinical treatment, and quantitatively analyze effects from the position offsets. Methods：This study takes F3 and F4 as an example to treat depression, simulates and calculates the electric field dose excited in the intracranial target area, compares the influence of the electrode position errors on the intracranial treatment target electric field dose, and gives the electric field dose variation curve under application of 2 mA and 4 mA current. Results：The simulation shows among 32 kinds of physical position errors, the pad electrode and the disk electrode cause the electric field dose to vary from⁃10.3% to 72.4%, -12.9% to 11.3%, both decreasing and increasing；this result is due to the non⁃uniformity of the cerebral cortex. When the electric field dose is reduced, the electric field in intracranial target area will be low than the effective electric field dose, so it is possible that the clinical treatment effect of tDCS may not be good. The simulation also shows that when 4.0 mA is applied, the intracranial target area will produce an effective electric field dose. In addition, the variation of the electric field dose generated by 32 kinds of error positions in the intracranial target area is basically the same as that when 2 mA is applied. The degree of electric field dose change is consistent with the magnitude of the applied current It’s roughly okay. The degree of electric field dose change is roughly irrelevant to the magnitude of the applied current. Conclusion：ROAST can be used to find the individual dose optimization of tDCS for clinical doctors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To analyze the surgical strategy, efficacy and long⁃term safety of chronic neuropathic pain (NP) after simple cauda equina injury. Methods The clinical data of patients with chronic NP after cauda equina injury treated by dorsal root entry zone (DREZ) derogation and spinal cord stimulation (SCS) in Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University from September 2011 to December 2020 were analyzed. The DREZ derogation or SCS was selected according to the lesion location, injury degree and pain distribution. The long⁃term effect was evaluated according to the preoperative and postoperative Visual Analog Scales (VAS) scores, pain relief rate ≥ 50% was considered as effective, and the complications related to the surgery were followed up. Results Among 24 cases, 14 cases were treated with SCS, 9 cases had pain relief rate 60%-80%, and permanent pulse generator (IPG) was implanted; the pain relief rate was more than 60% in 2 cases, but it did not meet expectation so that the IPG was not implanted; no pain relief in 3 cases, DREZ derogation was performed later, the pain was relieved in 2 cases, and one case was still ineffective. DREZ derogation was firstly performed in 10 cases, and the pain disappeared in 7 cases; 2 cases had residual pain in some areas; one case was ineffective, and the pain was still unrelieved after SCS. After long⁃term implantation of IPG, 2 cases had been taken out of the stimulator due to fluid accumulation at the implantation site. After DREZ derogation, 3 cases had pain at the upper boundary of the preoperative pain area, which gradually disappeared within 2 weeks to one month. In one patient, the pain disappeared in early stage, which recurred after 2 years, and disappeared after the second DREZ derogation. There was no significant difference in the effective rate between 2 groups (9/13 vs. 11/15, Fisher's exact probability: P=1.000). However, DREZ derogation had high pain improvement rate than SCS [100% (0, 100%) vs. 25% (0, 75%); Z=0.441, P=0.030]. Conclusions For chronic neuropathic pain after simple cauda equina injury with clear etiology, both SCS and DREZ derogation may receive satisfactory long⁃term effect. SCS is the first choice for patients with lower limb movement, urinary and bowel function in pain area. DREZ derogation is the first choize for patients without lower limb movement, urinary and bowel. The pain improvement rate of DREZ derogation was better than that of SCS.

Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy of bladder training combined with biofeedback electrical stimulation on urinary control function and quality of life in patients after radical prostatectomy (RP). Methods: This study was a prospective study. 90 patients after RP who were admitted to The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University from May 2019 to June 2022 were selected, and they were divided into the control group and the study group according to the random number table, with 45 cases in each group. On the basis of routine intervention, the control group received bladder training, and the study group received bladder training combined with biofeedback electrical stimulation intervention. The clinical efficacy, degree of urinary incontinence, urodynamic index and quality of life in the two groups were observed. Results: The total effective rate in the study group (95.56%) was higher than that in the control group (77.78%), with a statistically significant difference between the groups (P<0.05). 4 weeks after intervention, the number of urine leakage, the degree of influence on quality of life, the volume of urine leakage and the total score of Incontinence Qustionnaire-Short Form (ICI-Q-SF) in the two groups were decreased, and the study group was lower than the control group (P<0.05). 4 weeks after intervention, the maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax), maximum bladder volume (MCC), maximum urethral closure pressure (MUCP) and abdominal pressure leakage point pressure (VLPP) in the two groups were increased, and the study group was higher than the control group (P<0. 05). 4 weeks after intervention, the incontinence quality of life instrument (I-QOL) scores in the two groups were increased, and the study group was higher than the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Bladder training combined with biofeedback electrical stimulation can effectively improve the urinary control function of patients after RP, improve the clinical treatment effect, and contribute to the improvement of quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective：To discuss the effect of Cav 3. 2 gene in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) of the mice by pelvic floor electrical stimulation (PES), and to clarify its related mechanism. Methods：Thirty C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control group [without vaginal dilation (VD) modeling], VD group (VD modeling), and VD+PES group (VD modeling combined with PES) according to the intervention measures, and there were 10 mice in each group. The mice were divided into WT-VD group (wild-type VD modeling), WT-VD+PES group (wild-type VD modeling combined with PES), KO-VD group (Cav 3. 2 knockout type VD modeling), and KO-VD+PES group (Cav 3. 2 knockout type VD modeling combined with PES) according to the genotype and intervention mesures. Masson staining was used to observe the deposition and expression levels of collagen type Ⅰ (Col Ⅰ) and collagen type Ⅲ (Col Ⅲ) collagen fibers in urethral and anterior vaginal wall tissue of the mice in various groups. The maximum bladder capacity (MBC) and leakage point pressure (LPP) of the mice in various groups were detected, and the expression levels of integrins β1, calpain 2, Col Ⅰ, and Col Ⅲ proteins in urethral and anterior vaginal wall tissue of the mice in various groups were detected by Western blotting method. Results：Compared with VD group, the expression levels of Col Ⅰ and Col Ⅲ collagen fibers in urethral and anterior vaginal wall tissue of the mice in VD+PES group mice were significantly increased (P<0. 01)； compared with WT-VD group, the expression levels of Col Ⅰ and Col Ⅲ collagen fibers in urethral and anterior vaginal wall tissue of the mice in WT-VD+PES group were significantly increased (P<0. 01)； compared with WT-VD+PES group, the expression levels of Col I and Col Ⅲ collagen fibers in urethral and anterior vaginal wall tissue of the mice in KO-VD and KO-VD+PES groups were significantly decreased (P<0. 01). Compared with control group, the MBC and LPP of the mice in VD group were decreased (P<0. 05)； compared with VD group, the MBC and LPP of the mice in VD+ PES group were increased (P<0. 05). The Western blotting results showed that compared with VD group, the expression levels of Col Ⅰ and Col Ⅲ proteins in urethral and anterior vaginal wall tissue of the mice in VD+PES group were significantly increased (P<0. 01)； compared with WT-VD group, the expression levels of Col Ⅰ and Col Ⅲ proteins in urethral and anterior vaginal wall tissue of the mice in WT-VD+PES group were increased (P<0. 01)； compared with WT-VD+PES group, the expression levels of Col Ⅰ and Col Ⅲ proteins in urethral and anterior vaginal wall tissues of the mice in KO-VD and KO-VD+PES groups were significantly decreased (P<0. 01). Compared with WT-VD group, the expression levels of integrin β1 and calpain 2 proteins in urethral and anterior vaginal wall tissue of the mice in WT-VD+PES group were increased significantly (P<0. 01). Conclusion：PES can improve the urodynamic function of the mice and promote the generation of pelvic floor collagen and promote the repairment of pelvic floor through the Cav 3. 2 gene and its downstream integrin β 1 and calpain 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the effects of dexmedetomidine combined with percutaneous acupoint electrical stimulation on gastrointestinal function and postoperative pain of patients after mixed hemorrhoid stripping. 60 patients who underwent mixed hemorrhoidectomy in our hospital from March 2022 to July 2022 were selected, and 60 patients were randomly divided into Matched group (30 cases) and observation group (30 cases). The Matched group was given dexmedetomidine analgesia, and the observation group were given preoperative percutaneous acupoint electrical stimulation, 2min before the operation to the end of the operation. The method and dose of dexmedetomidine were the same as Matched group. The pain scores of patients in two groups were compared before and after 0.5 h, 1 h, 2 h and 3 h, the postoperative pain efficacy of patients in two groups were compared, the wound healing time, the time of rotting flesh completely shedding, the length of hospital stay and the recovery of gastrointestinal function of the two groups were compared, and the levels of vasoactive intestinal peptide, motilin and gastrin in the two groups were compared before and after surgery. There were no difference in pain scores in two groups before and 3 h after surgery (P>0.05); after surgery for 0.5 h, 1 h and 2 h, the pain score of the observation group was lower than that of the matched group (P<0.05). The effective rate of postoperative pain in the observation group was higher than the matched group (P<0.05). Compared with Matched group, the wound healing time, carrion shedding time and hospital stay time of the observation group were lower (P<0.05). The recovery time of bowel sounds, incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting and exhaust time in the observation group were shorter than those in the matched group (P<0.05). Before surgery, there was no difference in the levels of vasoactive intestinal peptide, motilin and gastrin in two groups (P>0.05). After surgery, the levels of vasoactive intestinal peptide and gastrin in both groups increased, while the levels of motilin decreased, and the range of change in observation group was lower than that in matched group (P<0.05). Dexmedetomidine combined with percutaneous acupoint electrical stimulation can improve gastrointestinal function and postoperative pain in patients with mixed hemorrhoid dissection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of China Medical University is the property of Journal of China Medical University Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy has a high disability rate and is one of the most common chronic complications of diabetes. Because its pathogenesis is complex and diverse, there is no recognized treatment method currently. It is a challenge to treat and manage this chronic disease. However, there are few reviews in this area. OBJECTIVE: To explore the related pathogenesis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy and to review the application effect of different treatment methods in diabetic peripheral neuropathy. METHODS: The first author searched the relevant literature in CNKI, WanFang and PubMed databases. The Chinese search terms were “diabetic peripheral neuropathy, diabetic complications, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, Chinese medicine, surgical treatment, surgery, electrical stimulation, nerve release, nerve decompression” and the English search terms were “DPN, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, pathogenesis, diagnosis, therapy, treatment, drug, surgery, nerve decompression, nerve electrical stimulation, gene, exosome.” The literature search time was limited from January 2000 to January 2022. The literature was initially screened by reading the abstracts of the articles and those unrelated to the theme of the article were excluded. Finally 88 articles were included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Hyperglycemia is the root cause of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Strengthening blood sugar control is the most basic and important step in the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Analgesic drugs can significantly reduce pain symptoms of patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. α-Lipoic acid and epalrestat play an anti-oxidative stress role; mecobalamin and nerve growth factor can promote the recovery of nerve function. According to the pathogenesis of “double extrusion” of diabetic peripheral neuropathy, nerve decompression and nerve transferring can reduce the degree of neuropathy, relieve pain and increase nerve conduction velocity in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Gene and stem cell therapies are promising new therapies. They are targeted, but relevant clinical studies are currently lacking and there are also concerns on ethical and safety issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Bone has the piezoelectric effect, which can transform its stress into electrical signals on the bone surface, and regulate bone metabolism and growth through electrical signals. As bone implants, the bioelectrical piezoelectric materials can promote bone healing by generating surface charges and restoring the potential of injured tissue.OBJECTIVE: To introduce the piezoelectric effect of the bone, the feasibility of piezoelectric materials on promoting bone repair and research progress of piezoelectric materials applied to bone tissue engineering from the perspective of piezoelectricity and review the osteogenesis mechanism of piezoelectric materials in order to provide new ideas for bone defect repair. METHODS: Using “piezoelectric effect, piezoelectric materials, piezoelectric ceramic, piezoelectric polymers, osteogenesis, bone tissue engineering, scaffolds, bone defect, energy harvester” as Chinese and English search terms, 88 articles were searched and summarized on PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, CNKI and Wanfang databases. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Piezoelectric materials can simulate the bioelectric microenvironment of extracellular matrix of bone tissue due to the piezoelectric properties of generating electricity when deformed and can be made into scaffolds to enhance bone repair function without relying on growth factors or drugs by applying electrical stimulation to bone tissue. (2) Piezoelectric materials promote osteogenesis by stimulating voltage-gated calcium channel and α5β1 integrin, increasing regional blood flow and other approaches. (3) At present, no single piezoelectric material can meet the characteristics of piezoelectric materials applied to bone tissue engineering. Therefore, piezoelectric composites made from combining piezoelectric ceramics with piezoelectric polymers or bioactive materials are consequently created. Comparing with piezoelectric ceramics, piezoelectric composites are easier to process, demonstrating superior biocompatibility and enhanced functions of promoting bone cell adhesion and mineralization, which makes it the best piezoelectric material for the treatment of bone defects. (4) Although piezoelectric materials can simulate the bioelectric microenvironment of bone tissue to enhance osteogenesis, the mechanism of piezoelectric materials interacting with bone cells is not clear, and the microenvironment of different bone tissues is unique, which limits the clinical application of piezoelectric materials. With the further study of biomaterials and elucidation of the interaction between piezoelectric materials and cells, piezoelectric materials are expected to provide new ways for the repair of bone defects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To evaluate clinical efficacy and safety of transcutaneous neuromuscular electrical stimulation（TNES） in the treatment of erectile dysfunction（ED） combined with premature ejaculation（PE） for obtaining the evidence for clinical application of TNES. Methods Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 25 patients with ED complicated with PE, who received TNES treatment in andrology clinic from June 2021 to February 2022, were recruited as the subjects. Before and after TNES treatment, RigiScan penile hardness measurement of the patients under audiovisual sexual stimulation（AVSS） was carried out, and Erection Hardness Score（EHS）, International Index of Erectile Function-5（IIEF-5）, Intravaginal Ejaculation Latency Time（IELT）, Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool（PEDT）, Patient Health Questionnaire（PHQ-9） and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire（GAD-7） were comparatively analyzed. Results Two patients were lost during follow up. Other 23 patients, who received TNES treatment, all completed the questionnaire follow-up and RigiScan penile hardness measurement under AVSS before and after treatment. They had no adverse reactions such as pain, skin burn, electrode allergy, subcutaneous congestion and so on at the treatment site. Before and after treatment, there were significant differences in erection time, average and maximum hardness of penis tip and average and maximum hardness of penis root（P＜0.05）, but no significant differences in circumference of penis tip and root（P＞0.05）. There were significant differences in EHS and IIEF-5 scores（P＜0.05）. The total effective rate of IIEF-5 score was 78.26%. IELT and PEDT were significantly different（P＜0.05）. In terms of psychology, there were no significant differences in GAD-7 anxiety score and PHQ-9 depression score（P＞0.05）. Conclusion As a non-invasive, effective, safe and feasible new treatment method, TNES can improve the erectile function and ejaculation ability of Patients with ED complicated with PE, and provide a new idea for the treatment of patients with ED complicated with PE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the effects of virtual reality balance training combined with neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) on knee function, hamstring muscle strength and walking function after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Methods: 96 patients with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury who were treated in our hospital from August 2019 to December 2021 were selected, and ACLR was successfully implemented. They were randomly divided into control group (n=48, routine rehabilitation training, virtual reality balance training) and study group (n=48, outine rehabilitation training, virtual reality balance training combined with intervention) by random number table method. The excellent and good rate of knee function, knee function, hamstring muscle strength and walking function of the two groups were compared. Results: The excellent and good rate of knee joint function in the study group was 93.75% (45/48) higher than 68.75% (33/48) in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). After intervention, knee function score and knee range of motion were increased in the two groups, and the study group was higher than the control group (P<0.05). After intervention, the isometric strength of the affected side hamstring muscle in the two groups increased, and the study group was higher than the control group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in isometric strength of the unaffected side hamstring muscle in the two groups after intervention (P>0.05). After intervention, the step length and step speed in the two groups increased, and the study group was higher than the control group, the affected side swing phase decreased, and the study group was lower than the control group (P<0.05). After intervention, the threshold of passive activity perception and conduct passive angle regeneration test decreased in two groups, and the study group was lower than the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Virtual reality balance training combined with NMES has a significant effect on patients with ACLR after operation, which is helpful to the recovery of knee joint function, improve hamstring muscle strength and improve walking function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Clinical Nursing in Practice is the property of Journal of Clinical Nursing in Practice (Editorial Board, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Press) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: Rod Tuina is an effective treatment for stress urinary incontinence. However, the combination of Rod Tuina and electrical stimulation biofeedback therapy has not been reported. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Rod Tuina combined with electrical stimulation biofeedback therapy in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence in adult women. METHODS: A total of 72 female patients with urinary incontinence diagnosed in the Female Rehabilitation Outpatient Clinic of Daqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2021 to September 2021 were enrolled. These patients were randomly divided into treatment group (n=36) and control group (n=36). Patients in the treatment group received the combined therapy of Rod Tuina and electrical stimulation biofeedback, while those in the control group received electrical stimulation biofeedback only. Treatment in each group lasted for 20 days. Surface electromyography of pelvic floor muscles, 1-hour pad test, International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence Short Form (ICIQ-UI SF), and modified Oxford muscle strength test were conducted before and after treatment. The changes of above observation indexes before and 20 days after treatment were compared between groups to evaluate the condition and efficacy of the patients. Follow-ups were conducted at 6 and 12 weeks after the course of treatment. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After 20 days of treatment, surface electromyography, 1-hour pad test, ICIQ-UI SF score and Oxford muscle strength classification were improved in both groups, and the improvement was more significant in the treatment group than the control group (P < 0.05). After the treatment course, the total effective rate in the treatment group (92%) was significantly higher than that in the control group (67%; P < 0.05). Follow-up results indicated that the ICIQ-UI SF score was significantly better in the treatment group than the control group (P < 0.05). To conclude, Rod Tuina combined with electrical stimulation biofeedback therapy can effectively reduce the frequency and severity of urinary incontinence, promote the strength of pelvic floor muscles, and improve the pelvic floor function. Moreover, Rod Tuina combined with electrical stimulation biofeedback therapy can also improve the accompanying symptoms of stress urinary incontinence and maintain a longer therapeutic effect. In addition, neuromuscular electrophysiological indicators that are more objective have been introduced to evaluate the curative effect. Rod Tuina combined with electrical stimulation biofeedback as a treatment plan of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine has certain in-depth research and promotion values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Imaging Science & Photochemistry is the property of Imaging Science & Photochemistry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Neuromodulation technique not only provides a new idea for the treatment of many diseases, but also has a profound influence on the innovation and development of rehabilitation medicine. Nowadays, the neuromodulation technique in China is in the stage of rapid development, facing great opportunities and challenges, and has broad application prospects. This review intends to describe the mechanism of different types of neuromodulation technologies, and its application status and future development in the field of rehabilitation medicine, in order to promote the application and development of neuromodulation technique in the field of neurorehabilitation in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To observe the effects of suspension training therapy combined with biofeedback electrical stimulation on pelvic floor function and urodynamics in patients with postpartum stress urinary incontinence (PSUI). Methods: 96 patients with PSUI who were received in our hospital from July 2019 to August 2021 were selected. The patients who met the requirements were divided into control group (48 cases) and study group (48 cases) by envelope lottery. The patients in the control group received suspension training therapy, and the patients in the study group received suspension training therapy combined with biofeedback electrical stimulation. The curative effects, pelvic floor function indexes and urodynamic indexes of the two groups were compared. The leakage volume of urine pad test and the score of international consultation on incontinence questionnaire-urinary incontinence-short form (ICI-Q-SF) questionnaire of the two groups were observed. Results: The total clinical effective rate of the study group was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). 1 month after treatment, the leakage volume of 24 h urine pad test and the score of ICI-Q-SF questionnaire of the two groups decreased, and the study group was lower than the control group (P<0.05). The improvement effect of pelvic floor muscle strength in the study group was better than that in the control group after one month of treatment (P<0.05). 1 month after treatment, the maximum urethral closure pressure (MUCP), functional urethral length (LES), abdominal pressure, leak point pressure (ALPP) and maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax) of two groups increased, and the study group was higher than the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The suspension training therapy combined with biofeedback electrical stimulation intervention in patients with PSUI can effectively improve clinical symptoms and promote the recovery of pelvic floor function and urodynamics, the effect is remarkable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: p38 inhibitors have achieved good results in the intervention and treatment of related diseases. However, there are still many questions about the effect of p38 inhibitors on the inflammatory response in the patellar tendon and the patella-patellar tendon junction under short-term high-intensity exercise. OBJECTIVE: On the basis of a quantitative jumping animal model successfully established in the laboratory, to investigate the effect of p38 inhibitors on the expression of main inflammatory factors, including interleukin-1β, interleukin-6 and transforming growth factor-β1 in the patellar tendon and patella-patellar tendon junction under short-term high-intensity exercise. METHODS: Thirty-four 18-week-old New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into control group (n=4); jump 1, 3, 5 days groups (n=5 per group); jump+p38 inhibition 1, 3, 5 days groups (n=5 per group). Each jump group was subjected to electrical stimulation-induced jump training (jumping forward and upward), with a jump height of 10 cm defined as a qualified jump. Each training sessions included 150 qualified jumps. SB203580 (0.5 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected in each jump+p38 inhibition group after each training. The control group did not perform jump training, and the experimental group received electrical stimulation jump training according to the training program. The pre-adaptation process and feeding time were the same. Except for the control group, the rabbits from the other groups were sacrificed after training, and immunohistochemical staining was performed using the SABC method, and the density of the positive cells of each inflammatory factor was quantitatively calculated by Metamorph graphics processing software. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Immunohistochemistry results indicated inconsistent changes in the expression of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6 and transforming growth factor-β1 in the patellar tendon and patella-patellar tendon junction under short-term high-intensity exercise. Compared with the jump groups, the expressions of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6 and transforming growth factor-β1 in the patellar tendon and patella-patellar tendon junction were not significantly different in each jump+p38 inhibitor group (P > 0.05). These findings reveal that the p38 inhibitor may not affect the inflammatory response of the patella tendon and patella-patellar tendon junction in the acute phase under short-term high-intensity exercise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the effect of electrical stimulation of vagus nerve on migration and differentiation of c-kit+ vascular wall cells in rats under carotid artery injury. Methods A total of 24 SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: the sham-operation group, the operation group and the vagus nerve stimulation group, with 8 rats in each group. After the common carotid artery balloon injury model was carried out, the left vagus nerve was electrically stimulated in the vagus nerve stimulation group. HE staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to observe the thickness of vascular intima and the distribution of c-kit+ vascular wall cells. The serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). After isolating c-kit+ cells from the vessel wall, the c-kit+ cells were divided into three groups: the control group (no acetylcholine), the 10-5 mol/L acetylcholine group and the 10-5 mol/L acetylcholine group with the + alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) agonist group. Transwell assay was applied to detect the effect of acetylcholine on c-kit+ migration, and the expression of smooth muscle 22 alpha (SM22α) was detected by Western blot assay. Results (1) Compared with operation group, the thickness of vascular neointima was reduced, and the number of c-kit+ cells in vascular neointima was decreased in the vagus nerve stimulation group (P＜0.05), and the serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were also reduced (P＜0.01). (2) Acetylcholine inhibited the ckit+ migration and increased the expression of SM22α, which could be reversed by α7nAChR agonist. Conclusion Acetylcholine can mitigate the neointimal formation through inhibiting the migration of c-kit+ and accelerating the differentiation of c-kit+ to vascular smooth muscle cells, the mechanism of which may be related to acetylcholine combined with α7nAChR that activating anti-inflammatory system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrical stimulation has been one of the innovative techniques in grazing management. This study aims to explore the effects of electrical stimulation on the behavioral and physiological performance of the beef cattle. The action voltage was also determined to constrain the grazing boundary of the beef cattle. The ‘Grassland Red’ beef cattle in Ordos were used in the experiments, the electric stimulation was carried out from the lower part of the neck with the beef cattle via wearing the electric shock collar. The beef cattle were allocated to four voltages with 4 66, 1 723, 2 050, 2 865 and 4 204 V at which naïve beef cattle underwent training as experimental groups. An electrical stimulation was administered when the animal entered the exclusion zone, followed by a shock if the beef cattle continued to proceed. The beef cattle were randomly selected for each experimental group and the control group (no electrical stimulation). A wireless Electroencephalogram (EEG) monitoring system was utilized to monitor the body temperature, heart rate, and brain wave of the beef cattle before and after different electric stimulation. In the experimental arena, three beef cattle were fed in an experimental arena with the virtual fence boundary line, and their body behaviors were recorded by a camera system synchronously. A behavior observation and Analysis Software was selected to analyze the behavior characteristics of the beef cattle (turning round, stopping, stop and slowly turn back, stop moving and back immediately, and skip, flick, blink, shake head). Results showed that there was no significant change in the body temperature of the beef cattle before and after different electric stimulation. Specifically, while the voltage was set to 466, 1 723 and 2 050 V, the heart rate of beef cattle before and after electrical stimuli did not change significantly. Once the beef cattle were subjected to the electrical stimulation at 2 865 and 4 204 V, the heart rate increased significantly by 26.3% and 35.3%, which were reached 104.32 and 108.83 bpm, respectively. By contrast, there were small changes in the β-wave of electroencephalogram (EEG) before and after electrical stimulation at 466 and 1 723 V, respectively, but dramatic changes were found over 2 865 V. The frequency that the beef cattle triggered the virtual boundary with 2 865 V electrical stimulation was 93 times, of which the total behaviors of turning round, stopping, stop and slowly turn back, stop moving and back immediately accounted for 33.33%, 12.02%, 9.29%, and 31.69%, respectively. When 4 204 V was used for electrical stimulation, the performances of all behaviors accounted for 38.60%, 5.12%, 19.07%, and 21.86%. Overall, the electrical stimuli of 2 865 V could effectively prevented the beef cattle to cross the boundary and to enter the exclusion zone. Our research results can provide a strong reference and application potential for beef cattle grazing management in grassland. Electrical stimulation has been one of the innovative techniques in grazing management. This study aims to explore the effects of electrical stimulation on the behavioral and physiological performance of the beef cattle. The action voltage was also determined to constrain the grazing boundary of the beef cattle. The ‘Grassland Red’ beef cattle in Ordos were used in the experiments, the electric stimulation was carried out from the lower part of the neck with the beef cattle via wearing the electric shock collar. The beef cattle were allocated to four voltages with 4 66, 1 723, 2 050, 2 865 and 4 204 V at which naïve beef cattle underwent training as experimental groups. An electrical stimulation was administered when the animal entered the exclusion zone, followed by a shock if the beef cattle continued to proceed. The beef cattle were randomly selected for each experimental group and the control group (no electrical stimulation). A wireless Electroencephalogram (EEG) monitoring system was utilized to monitor the body temperature, heart rate, and brain wave of the beef cattle before and after different electric stimulation. In the experimental arena, three beef cattle were fed in an experimental arena with the virtual fence boundary line, and their body behaviors were recorded by a camera system synchronously. A behavior observation and Analysis Software was selected to analyze the behavior characteristics of the beef cattle (turning round, stopping, stop and slowly turn back, stop moving and back immediately, and skip, flick, blink, shake head). Results showed that there was no significant change in the body temperature of the beef cattle before and after different electric stimulation. Specifically, while the voltage was set to 466, 1 723 and 2 050 V, the heart rate of beef cattle before and after electrical stimuli did not change significantly. Once the beef cattle were subjected to the electrical stimulation at 2 865 and 4 204 V, the heart rate increased significantly by 26.3% and 35.3%, which were reached 104.32 and 108.83 bpm, respectively. By contrast, there were small changes in the β-wave of electroencephalogram (EEG) before and after electrical stimulation at 466 and 1 723 V, respectively, but dramatic changes were found over 2 865 V. The frequency that the beef cattle triggered the virtual boundary with 2 865 V electrical stimulation was 93 times, of which the total behaviors of turning round, stopping, stop and slowly turn back, stop moving and back immediately accounted for 33.33%, 12.02%, 9.29%, and 31.69%, respectively. When 4 204 V was used for electrical stimulation, the performances of all behaviors accounted for 38.60%, 5.12%, 19.07%, and 21.86%. Overall, the electrical stimuli of 2 865 V could effectively prevented the beef cattle to cross the boundary and to enter the exclusion zone. Our research results can provide a strong reference and application potential for beef cattle grazing management in grassland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective: To study the effect of functional electrical stimulation combined with circulatory system on limb function, balance ability and cognitive function in elderly patients with cerebral-stroke sarcopenia. Methods: Sixty-four elderly patients with cerebral- stroke sarcopenia who were selected for rehabilitation in our hospital from June 2020 to June 2021 were divided into control group and study group according to their treatment methods. Both groups were given conventional rehabilitation treatment The patients in the control group were treated with functional electrical stimulation on the basis of conventional treatment, while the study group was treated with cerebral circulation therapy equipment on the basis of the treatment of patients in the control group, and the clinical therapeutic effects of the two groups were compared. We use motor function score (FMA) and upper limb function assessment (STEF) to evaluate the function of limb patients, and use the balance scale (BBS) and Fuglg-Meyer balance scale (FM-B) to evaluate the balance ability of patients, and use the cognitive scale to evaluate the cognitive function of patients. Results: (1) The total effective rate of clinical treatment in the study group was higher than that in the control group (93.75 % vs 75.00 %, P<0.05); (2) The FMA and STEF scores of the two groups were higher, the BBS and FM-B scores of the patients in the study group were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05); (3) The BBS and FM-B scores of the two groups of patients posttreatment increased, and the patients in the study group posttreatment, BBS and FM-B scores were higher than those of the control group(P<0.05); (4) The cognitive function scores of the two groups of patients were increased Posttreatment, and the cognitive function scores of the study group were higher posttreatment Patients in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Functional electrical stimulation combined with circulatory movement system has a significant clinical treatment effect for elderly patients with cerebral-stroke sarcopenia, and can significantly improve the patient's limb function, balance ability and cognitive function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Neuromuscular electrical stimulation therapy has been widely used in the field of rehabilitation. OBJECTIVE: To understand the hot spots and trends of neuromuscular electrical stimulation therapy research worldwide, analyze the research development framework, and provide references for further research and applications in this field. METHODS: Literature from January 1, 2010 to October 7, 2020 was retrieved from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Web of Science core aggregation databases. Among them, Chinese literatures were searched in the CNKI with “neuromuscular electrical stimulation” or “neuromuscular electrical stimulation therapy,” and English literatures were searched in the Web of Science with “neuromuscular electrical stimulation or NMES.” The CiteSpace V software was used to visualize the publication volume, country, author, institution, cited literature and keywords, and to draw the corresponding figures. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 2 453 relevant literatures were finally included, 618 from the CNKI and 1 835 from the Web of Science. The author with the most publications in China is Lan Xiaoman from the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Science and Technology (Guangxi, China). The institution with the most publications is the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University. In China, the high-cited keywords, such as stroke and hemiplegia, are connected with each other more closely. The foreign author with the most publications is GUILLAUMEY MILLET, University of Calgary, Canada, and Case Western Reserve University has the highest volume of publications. The high-cited keywords are stroke, skeletal muscle, and exercise. In recent years, the overall research of neuromuscular electrical stimulation has been stably popularized, and international research hotspots mainly focus on post-stroke dysfunction. In China, the research of neuromuscular electrical stimulation focuses on pelvic floor dysfunction as well as combined acupuncture for swallowing disorders after stroke, whereas the international research trends mainly emphasize on the intrinsic mechanism exploration of neuromuscular electrical stimulation for neuromuscular function and the clinical application combined with magnetic stimulation therapy. However, further explorations are required on the mechanism of neuromuscular electrical stimulation targeting swallowing function, pelvic floor dysfunction and the clinical application of neuromuscular electrical stimulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Preliminary studies have found that peripheral facial nerve injury can cause changes in the expression of nerve growth factor, but the mechanism of electroacupuncture in the expression of nerve growth factor is unclear. OBJECTIVE: Based on a model of peripheral facial nerve injury in rabbits, to observe the effects of electroacupuncture on facial paralysis symptoms, morphology of facial nerve nuclei and expression of nerve growth factor and its receptor and to explore the mechanism of electroacupuncture in the treatment of peripheral facial nerve injury. METHODS: Forty-two New Zealand white rabbits (n=66) were randomized into normal group (n=6), model group (n=30) and electroacupuncture group (n=30). A crushing injury model of superior buccal branch of the right facial nerve was established in the latter two groups. There was no deal with normal group. After successful modeling, a needle was imbedded at Hegu in the electroacpuncture group, followed by electric stimulations with dilatational wave at Jiache, Dicang, Sibai, Yangbai, Yifeng, and Quanliao. No treatment was done in the model group. At 28 days of electroacupuncture, morphological changes of facial nerve nuclei were observed using hematoxylin-eosin staining and the expression of nerve growth factor, TrkA and p75NTR in facial nerve nuclei was detected using immunohistochemical staining. The expression of nerve growth factor, TrkA and p75NTR mRNA was detected using fluorescent quantitative PCR. The study protocol was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Southwest Medical University, with an approval No. 20170120001. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Hematoxylin-eosin staining results showed that the morphology of neurons recovered faster and more completely in the electroacupuncture group than the model group after surgery. The results of immunohistochemical staining showed that the average absorbance value of nerve growth factor in the electroacupuncture group was higher than that in the model group at every time point (P < 0.05), and the average absorbance value of TrkA and p75NTR in the electroacupuncture group was higher than that in the model group on the 7th, 14th, and 28th days after surgery (P < 0.05). Fluorescent quantitative PCR results revealed that the relative expression of nerve growth factor and p75NTR mRNA in the electroacupuncture group was higher than that in the model group on the 14th and 28th days after surgery (P < 0.05). The TrkA mRNA expression in the electroacupuncure group was higher than that in the model group on the 7th, 14th, and 28th days after surgery (P < 0.05). To conclude, electroacupuncture can improve the expression of nerve growth factor, TrkA, and p75NTR in facial nerve nuclei, and may promote the binding between nerve growth factor with TrkA and p75NTR, which may be the mechanism by which electroacupuncture promotes the repair of facial nerve injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Earthworm composting can serve as one type of agricultural waste treatment to combine with conventional composting with biological digestion. The earthworms can be selected to decompose the organic matter. The ‘ecological interface’ of earthworm composting has been utilized to optimize the earthworm culture using the large-scale breeding equipment, particularly for the harmless, reduction and recycling of agricultural wastes. However, a perfect balance needs to be gained between the short mature period of earthworms, and the large output of earthworm and earthworm dung. The separation can be the key link to harvesting the earthworm products and earthworm dung organic fertilizer. Electric stimulation can be used to separate using the instinctive reaction of earthworms with less harm. Once the electric stimulation is directly applied to the material carrier where earthworms are, the earthworms can be actively driven to leave the growing environment. There was no harm to the health of earthworms, and no secondary pollution to the environment, synergistically coupled with the breeding equipment in practice. Therefore, it is a high demand to clarify the separation process for the rapid design of the separation facility. In this study, a systematic investigation was conducted to determine the response of the separation rate of earthworms to the mode, intensity, and duration of electric stimulation, the water content of the carrier, and the material thickness. An evaluation was made to clarify the effects of electric stimulation on physiological and biochemical indexes of earthworms. The results show that electrical stimulation promoted the separation of earthworm and dung, where the intermittent electrical stimulation presented a better separation performance than the continuous. The earthworm separation rate was significantly correlated with the intensity of electrical stimulation under the intermittent mode, the circulation cycle time of power-on and power-off, as well as the times of power-on. The optimal moisture content of the material carrier was 52.6% for the earthworm growth. The smaller the material carrier thickness was, the better the earthworm separation rate was. Electrostimulation treatment had no significant effect on the contents of catalase, superoxide dismutase, acetylcholinesterase, cellulase and soluble protein in earthworms, but significantly increased the content of malondialdehyde. After 5 days of recovery domestication, the content of malondialdehyde could be restored to the level of control treatment. Consequently, the earthworm can be separated by intermittent electrical stimulation, in terms of the separation rate and the technical parameters. An optimal combination was achieved, where the intensity of electrical stimulation was 2mA, the on-off cycle time was 30 s, and the power-on time was 1s. The earthworm separation efficiency reached about 85% after 30 minutes of electrical stimulation, where the water content of the material carrier was about 50%, the material thickness was 20-25 cm, and the auxiliary 210 lx white light. The finding can provide strong support to the equipment application for the rapid and efficient separation of earthworm and earthworm dung during agricultural waste treatment [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To observe the effect of biofeedback electrical stimulation combined with Kegel training on the electrophysiological indexes of pelvic floor function and quality of life in patients with postpartum pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) disease. The research objects were 80 cases of patients with postpartum PFD in our hospital from March 2018 to December 2020. The patients were randomly divided into control group (n=40) and study group (n=40) by the double chromosphere randomized grouping method. The control group was given Kegel training, and the study group was given biofeedback electrical stimulation combined with Kegel training, both groups were treated for 8 weeks. The curative effect and the improvement of urinary incontinence and degree of pelvic organ prolapse were compared between the two groups at 8 weeks after treatment. The electrophysiological indexes of pelvic floor function, quality of daily life and quality of sexual life between the two groups before treatment and after treatment were compared. 8 weeks after treatment, the total effective rate of the study group was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). 8 weeks after treatment, the I muscle fiber fatigue degree, Ⅱ muscle fiber fatigue degree, fast muscle maximum electromyography and vaginal dynamic pressure of the study group were better than those of the control group (P<0.05). 8 weeks after treatment, the improvement of urinary incontinence and degree of pelvic organ prolapse of the study group were better than those of the control group (P<0.05). 8 weeks after treatment, the score of pelvic floor function impact questionnaire (PIFQ-7) and the score of pelvic organ prolapse incontinence function questionnaire (PISQ-12) of the study group were lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). The patients with postpartum PFD are treated with biofeedback electrical stimulation combined with Kegel training has a clear efficacy, which can improve the urinary incontinence and degree of pelvic floor organ prolapse, pelvic floor function improvement, improve the quality of daily life and quality of sexual life of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Preliminary study on the protective effect of intraoperative direct electrical stimulation motor ⁃ evoked potential (DES ⁃ MEP) on motor function during brainstem tumor surgery. Methods Total 136 patients with brainstem tumor surgery from January 2017 to May 2020 were enrolled, including 68 patients treated with intraoperative routine electrophysiological monitoring combined with neuronavigation and 68 patients with DES ⁃ MEP combined with neuronavigation on the basis of routine electrophysiological monitoring. According to the changes of muscle strength (Lovett Muscle Strength Classification) before and after operation, the patients were judged to have new dyskinesia motor function or not. The true positive, false positive, true negative and false negative were judged by DES ⁃ MEP monitoring and postoperative motor function prognosis. The sensitivity and specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value, and accuracy of DES ⁃ MEP monitoring results in predicting postoperative motor function prognosis were calculated. Results Patients undergoing DES⁃MEP combined with routine electrophysiological monitoring had 16.18% (11/68) of severe new dyskinesia (Lovett Muscle Strength Classification reduction ≥ 2 grade) 2 weeks after surgery, which was lower than patients undergoing routine electrophysiological monitoring [32.35% (22/68); χ2 = 4.841, P = 0.028]. There were 44 true positive cases, 4 false positive cases, 7 true negative cases, and 13 false negative cases detected by DES ⁃ MEP. The sensitivity and specificity of DES ⁃ MEP were 77.19% (44/57) and 7/11, the positive predictive value and negative predictive value of DES ⁃ MEP were 91.67% (44/48) and 35% (7/20), and accuracy of DES ⁃ MEP was 75% (51/68), respectively. Conclusions The application of DES ⁃ MEP in brainstem tumor surgery can effectively protect the brainstem motor function and make up for the deficiency of intraoperative neural monitoring technology in the protection of brainstem corticospinal tract function. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2020.11.004

Objective To determine the predictive value of intraoperative motor⁃evoked potential (MEP) on the muscle strength of patients undergoing glioma close to motor area under general anesthesia. Methods A total of 49 patients were included in this study from October 2019 to March 2020. The transcranial electrical stimulation (TES), direct cortical stimulation (DCS) and subcortical stimulation (SCS) were used to locate the motor cortex and corticospinal tract (CST), and to assess the functional integrity of motor system. A decrease of ≥ 50% of the baseline amplitude of TES or DCS was regarded as an alarm criteria. Muscle strength was evaluated with "gold standard" the Medical Research Council (MRC) scale before and after operation. Results Combined application of TES⁃MEP, DCS⁃MEP and SCS⁃MEP had better results in judging the integrity of motor conduction pathway. The sensitivity and specificity of TES⁃MEP were 2/5 and 100% (44/44), the positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 2/2 and 93.62% (44/47), respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of DCS⁃MEP were 1/1 and 10/10, the positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 1/1 and 10/10, respectively. There were 5 cases (10.20%) with new dyskinesia after operation. After 3 months of follow⁃up, muscle strength of one case returned to normal. The sensitivity and specificity of TES⁃MEP were 2/4 and 100% (45/45), the positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 2/2 and 95.74% (45/47), respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of DCS⁃MEP were 1/1 and 10/10, the positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 1/1 and 10/10, respectively. Conclusions This study indicates a high false negative rate after TES⁃MEP, DCS⁃MEP results were more consistent with postoperative motor function results, but the utilization rate was low due to the lack of exposure to the precentral gyrus cortex. Combined application of TES⁃MEP, DCS⁃MEP and SCS⁃MEP are more effective in judging the integrity of motor conduction pathway. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2020.11.006

Objective To explore the feasibility and effect of electrocorticography (ECoG) for intraoperative mapping of motor cortex. Methods Eight patients with brain lesions near motor areas were operated under awake craniotomy from June 2017 to June 2019. The motor⁃related cortices were detected by intraoperative direct electrical stimulation (DES). The ECoG signals including μ rhythm and slow cortical potential (SCP) were collected intraoperatively and analyzed by wavelet analysis from patients at rest and hand⁃moving state (grasp and extension motion). The changes of event⁃related desynchronization (ERD) of different rhythms were analyzed by wavelet analysis before and after hand grasping. The threshold values of μ rhythm, SCP and different pattern recognition in combination were compared by using DES as "gold standard". The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) area under the curve (AUC) and the sensitivity and specificity were evaluated. Results When the threshold of ERD of the μ rhythm was chosen as 40%, the sensitivity and specificity of ECoG mapping of motor cortex were 81.08% (30/37) and 83.33% (25/30). The ERD threshold of the SCP was chosen as 1.6, the sensitivity and specificity were 83.78% (31/37) and 80% (24/30) respectively. Combined μ rhythm with SCP mapping revealed high sensitivity (97.29%, 36/37) and moderate specificity (80%, 24/30) as compared with DES when D mode (sensitive priority mode) was chosen, that was either μ rhythm or SCP positive was defined as the motor cortex. Conclusions The ECoG analysis has a higher sensitivity to locate the motor cortex without stimulating the brain. It is expected as a new adjuvant to DES for intraoperative mapping of eloquent cortex. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2020.11.005

The ultimate goal of neurosurgery is to remove the lesion to the greatest extent while retaining neurological function. The preservation of motor function, sensory function, especially language function is of great significance to patients. So preoperative and intraoperative functional mapping has important guidance for surgery. The current invasive method⁃intraoperative direct electrical stimulation (DES) is still the "gold standard" for language mapping and lateralization, while non⁃invasive method such as functional magnetic resonance (fMRI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), magnetoencephalography (MEG) and navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) are easy to operate and can be used for preoperative positioning, postoperative follow⁃up and review. Multimodal functional assessment can improve the accuracy of preoperative language mapping. This article intends to review the positioning methods of language function areas and compare the advantages and disadvantages of various methods. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2020.11.003

Objective: To investigate the clinical and electrophysiological characteristics of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) with positive repetitive nerve stimulation (RNS) test results on the accessory nerve and negative needle electromyography (EMG) test results on the sternocleidomastoid with the goal to enrich the knowledge of disease progression in patients with ALS. Methods: The clinical data of 612 patients diagnosed with ALS at the Neurology Department of the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital from June 2016 to August 2022 were collected. In total, 267 cases had undergone EMG tests on the sternocleidomastoid following a positive 3 Hz RNS test result on the accessory nerve, who were selected as the study subjects. The differences in clinical indicators were compared between RNS (+)/EMG (-) group and RNS (+)/EMG (+) group. A binomial distribution model with multiple variables was built to quantitatively analyze the major factors and their effects. Results: At the initial visit, 15.8% of patients with ALS were 3 Hz RNS (+) on the accessory nerve and EMG (-) on the ipsilateral sternocleidomastoid, accounting for 36.3% of RNS (+) patients. The decremental range of the 3 Hz RNS test delivered to the accessory nerve in these patients [-14% (-19%, -12%)] was lower than that in patients with RNS (+)/EMG (+) [-17% (-23%, -13%)] ( P <0.05), while the ratio of upper limb onset (64.9%) and non-definite diagnosis (28.9%) were higher [54.7% and 13.5% for patients with RNS (+)/EMG (+), P <0.05]. Furthermore, the Revised Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS-R) score [40 (37, 42)], body mass index (BMI) [23.8 (22.0, 25.4) kg/m 2 ] and forced vital capacity (FVC) [92.8% (76.6%, 103.8%)] were higher in patients with RNS(+)/EMG(+) ( P <0.05). The multivariate model suggested that, in patients with RNS (+)/EMG (-), the ratio of upper limb onset to lower limb onset was 1.04, while that of upper limb onset to bulbar onset was 2.02, and that of lower limb onset to bulbar onset was 1.94. The ratio of non-definite ALS to definite ALS was 1.13. The ALSFRS-R score, BMI, and FVC had a protective contribution to the electrophysiological function of the motor neurons. The ratio of the effect size of the ALSFRS-R or BMI to that of FVC was 3.37 and 1.14, respectively. Conclusions: Patients with ALS that were 3 Hz RNS (+) on the accessory nerve and EMG (-) on the ipsilateral sternocleidomastoid had a smaller decremental range of the compound muscle action potential amplitude, and a higher proportion of upper limb onset and non-definite ALS. A higher ALSFRS-R score, BMI, and FVC have a protective effect to the electrophysiological function of motor neurons. The effect size of the ALSFRS-R score is the largest, followed by BMI and FVC.

Objective: To test the new method of iMAX (the minimum stimulus current that elicits the maximum compound muscle action potential amplitude) electrodiagnosis, verify the feasibility of this method in evaluating the excitability of peripheral motor axons, and preliminarily explore the clinical application value. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study. A total of 50 healthy subjects were recruited from the outpatient department of Peking University Third Hospital from June 2022 to March 2023, including 25 males and 25 females, aged 25-68 (48±8) years. Eleven patients with Charcot-Marie-Pain-1A (CMT1A), 7 males and 4 females, aged 19-55 (41±13) years and 21 patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), 10 males and 11 females, aged 28-79 (53±16) years were enrolled in this study. iMAX of bilateral median nerves, ulnar nerves and peroneal nerves were detected in all patients. Repeatable motor responses with minimum motor threshold and amplitude of at least 0.1 mV and the minimum stimulus current intensity, at which the maximum compound muscle action potential amplitude is elicited, were measured respectively [1 mA increment is called (iUP) and, 0.1 mA adjustment is called (iMAX)].Comparison of the parameters: the parameters of threshold, iUP and iMAX were compared among different age groups, genders and sides, body mass index(BMI) values and detection time , as well as between CMT1A patients, DPN patients and healthy subjects. Results: In healthy subjects, the threshold, iUP value and iMAX value were (1.8±0.7) mA, (4.4±1.2) mA, and (4.2±1.3) mA respectively; ulnar nerve (3.1±1.6) mA, (6.8±3.2) mA, (6.4±3.2) mA; peroneal nerve (3.7±2.0) mA, (7.8±2.8) mA, (7.4±2.9) mA. There were statistically significant differences in threshold, iUP value and iMAX value among different age groups (all P <0.001).With the increase of age, there was a trend of increasing threshold, iUP, and iMAX values in different nerves, and the differences are statistically significant (all P <0.001). There were no significant differences in gender, side and detection time threshold, iUP value and iMAX value (all P> 0.05). The parameters of healthy subjects with high BMI value were higher than those of healthy subjects with low BMI value(all P <0.05). Compared with the healthy subjects, the parameters of 11 CMT1A patients were significantly increased (all P <0.05), and the parameters of 21 DPN patients were slightly increased ( P <0.05). Conclusion: The new iMAX method reflects the excitability of motor axons and early axonal dysfunction, which is an important supplement to the traditional nerve conduction, and can be used to monitor motor axon excitability disorders.