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Two-dimensional porous polymers (2DPPs) have planar architecture along with numerous attributes, including optical anisotropy, high mobility, reversible redox properties, intrinsic porosity, etc. These features render them promising materials for gas storage and separation, as membranes for fuel cells and as thin-film electrodes for batteries and supercapacitors. 2DPPs can be generally classified as 2D metal-organic frameworks, 2D covalent organic frameworks, graphitic carbon nitride, graphdiyne, and sandwich-like porous polymer nanosheets. Among these, the 2DPPs with sp²-hybridized carbon (Csp²) bonding are of great interest. Compared with 2DPPs linked by B―O, C―N, or C=C bonds, Csp²-linked 2D porous polymers have unique optical/electrical properties as well as high chemical-/photo-stability and tunable electrochemical performance due to their fully conjugated feature and tunable bandgap properties. Furthermore, such 2DPPs are one of the best precursors for the fabrication of 2D porous carbons with atomically dispersed transition-metal active sites. In this review, rational synthetic approaches for 2D porous polymers with sp²-C bonding are summarized. Their applications in optoelectronic devices, gas separation, luminescent sensing and imaging, batteries and supercapacitors, and photocatalysis are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wood is an inexhaustible resource with many advantages, such as high abundance, renewability, biodegradability, and carbon balance. Anisotropic wood can serve as a substrate to facilitate the deposition and growth of micro/nano functional units for the development of anisotropic energy storage and conversion materials. Moreover, wood can serve as a raw material for preparing novel products with large surface areas and high reaction activities, such as 1 D nanofibrils, 2 D nanofilms, and 3 D gels, through disassembly and reassembly. These reassembled materials can also act as substrates that can be combined with micro/nano functional units for the development of green novel energy storage and conversion materials. In this paper, the recent research on wood-based energy storage and conversion materials, including supercapacitors, lithium-ion batteries, water splitting, and solar cells, is summarized, and the direction of future development is proposed by providing new ideas for the applications of this high-value resource. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]