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Addressing the current status of teaching quantum mechanics in undergraduate chemistry programs, the structural chemistry course group at Xiamen University has developed an undergraduate quantum mechanics module by integrating the disciplines of structural chemistry and general university physics. This paper explores the teaching content and methods of this new course and provides a future outlook for its development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Inorganic Analytical Chemistry / Zhongguo Wuji Fenxi Huaxue is the property of Beijing Research Institute of Mining & Metallurgy Technology Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

[Objective] The diversity and composition of rhizosphere fungal communities of two typical plants (Dacrydium pectinatum and Vatica mangachapoi) in tropical rain forest were studied, which provided scientific basis for biodiversity protection of rare and endangered species in tropical rain forest ecosystem. [Method] The composition, diversity and function of fungal communities in the rhizosphere of D. pectinatum and V. mangachapoi in Hainan tropical rain forest were analyzed by Illumina Miseq high-throughput sequencing. [Result] Basidiomycota and Ascomycota were the dominant phyla among different niches in the rhizosphere. PCoA results showed that compared with niche, species had more influence on the fungal community structure of D. pectinatum and V. mangachapoi and had different effects on different niches in the rhizosphere (rhizosphere: R=0. 1983, P=0.007; rhizoplane: R=0. 2622, P=0.004; endosphere: R=0.7342, P = 0.001). At the OTU level, there was no significant difference in fungal community a diversity between D. pectinatum and V. mangachapoi, but there were significant differences in rhizoplane and endosphere fungal community a diversity of the same tree species (P <0.05), and the a diversity of endosphere fungal community was the lowest compared with other niches. The results of CCA analysis showed that pH and ammonia nitrogen (AN) were important environmental factors affecting the fungal community structure in the rhizosphere of the two tree species. The results of FUNGuild function prediction showed that Ectomycorrhizal-Undefined Saprotroph, Ectomycorrhizal, Undefined Saprotroph and Fungal Parasite-Undefined Saprotroph were the main functional groups, and there were differences among different tree species. [Conclusion] Plant species significantly affect the composition of rhizosphere fungal communities, but niche is an important factor affecting fungal community diversity in small-scale regions. pH and AN are important environmental factors driving the difference of fungal community composition in rhizosphere between D. pectinatum and V. mangachapoi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon-based materials have large specific surface area, well-developed pores, and a large number of oxygencontaining functional groups on the surface, which have excellent mechanical properties. Introducing carbon-based materials into the hydrogel system can increase adsorption sites, improve mechanical properties, enrich network structure, realize complementary advantages, and overcome performance defects, which is the main idea for developing highperformance hydrogel adsorbents. In this paper, the structural characteristics of different types of carbon based composite hydrogels were summarized, and the mechanism of carbon based materials to enhance the performance of hydrogels was emphatically introduced. The preparation methods of composite hydrogels and their applications in the field of water purification were reviewed. The prospects, limitations and future research potential of carbon based composite hydrogels adsorbents were analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to prevent coal spontaneous combustion, Mg-Al hydrotalcite foam with high stability and good flame retardant effect was prepared by using surfactant, foam stabilizer and Mg-Al hydrotalcite(HT) in a certain proportion. The optimum formula of Mg-Al hydrotalcite foam was determined by orthogonal test and Waring-Blender method. The inhibition characteristics were tested by temperature programmed device and cone calorimeter test. The results show that when the mass fraction of surfactant Silok8022 is 0.03%, the mass fraction of AOS is 0.1%, the mass fraction of LAMC is 0.075%, the mass fraction of foam stabilizer HEC is 0.05%, the mass fraction of flame retardant HT is 1%, the performance of Mg-Al hydrotalcite foam is the best. In terms of low temperature inhibition, the inhibition rate of HT foam reached 68.4%, and the CO volume fraction of coal samples added with HT foam at 200 °C was 36.9% lower than that of raw coal. In terms of high temperature combustion, the peak heat release rate of coal samples treated with HT foam decreased from 74.59 kW/m2 to 43.48 kW/m2, and the total heat release decreased from 9.98 MJ/m2 to 7.15 MJ/m2. Compared with MgCl2 and AFFF, HT foam showed excellent flame retardant effect on coal. It was found that the content of aliphatic hydrocarbons and oxygen-containing functional groups in coal samples with HT foam was significantly reduced, indicating that HT foam had a strong inhibitory effect on coal spontaneous combustion.

A CaMoO4 photocatalyst with high activity for degradation of aureomycin hydrochloride was prepared by sol-gel method. The phase structure, purity, functional group, surface morphology, optical properties and photocatalytic activity of the CaMoO4 photocatalyst were investigated by various characterization methods. The results showed that the CaMoO4 photocatalyst was tetragonal phase, and a small amount of C-O functional groups were present in the sample. The particles were approximately spherical, which consisted of large particles and fine particles. It had high visible-light response with an optical band gap value of 3.21 eV. The photocatalytic activity of CaMoO4 photocatalyst was studied at different drug concentrations, catalyst dosages and pH values using aureomycin hydrochloride as the target for degradation. The results showed that the degradation percentage reached 94% at the drug mass concentration of 200 mg/L, photocatalyst dosage of 1 g/L and pH of 7. The photocatalytic mechanism of the CaMoO4 photocatalyst was proposed based on experimental results and band theory. The mechanism study showed that the C-O functional groups provided extra energy for electron transition to the conduction band of the CaMoO4 photocatalyst and promoted the generation of electron hole pairs. Holes, hydroxyl radicals and superoxide radicals were the key factors to promote the degradation of aureomycin hydrochloride. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to protect and develop wild Orchidaceae(orchids)plant resources in Beipan River basin of Guizhou, scientifically screen high ornamental value orchids and explore their environmental adaptation characteristics, we took orchids distributing in Beipan River basin of Guizhou as the research project, selected species with high ornamental value based on analytic hierarchy process, and used clustering and redundancy analysis to identify the species composition of plant functional groups under different environmental conditions. The results were as follows:(1)There were 74 genera and 249 species(including varieties)of orchids, the horizontal spatial distribution was concentrated in two areas, namely the border area of Wangmo County and Ziyun County, and the western area of Panzhou City, repectively. The vertical spatial distribution showed an “intermediate expansion” with the change of altitude, the orchids were mainly distributed in the range of 800 -1 600 m.(2)Orchids in the study area could be divided into three ornamental grades, the first was the excellent grade for development, with 51 species, the second was the reserve grade for development, with 170 species, and the third had 28 species with low ornamental values, which were not necessary to be developed as ornamental plants.(3)Development optimal levels of ornamental orchids in the study area could be divided into four ecological function groups, which were low-altitude shade-requiring non-limestone mountain functional group, low-altitude heliophile limestone mountain functional group, intermediate-altitude shade-requiring limestone mountain functional group and high-altitude heliophile non-limestone mountain functional group, respectively. The types of adaptation of orchids to the environment varied greatly among different functional groups. All the above results indicate that screening high ornamental value orchids and dividing their ecological function groups is conducive to landscape application, scientific protection, introduction, domestication and development, and field regression of orchids in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to explore the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of phytoplankton functional groups in Qingcaosha Reservoir, Shanghai, and their relationship with environmental factors, as well as the similarities and differences between the characteristics of phytoplankton communities at the inlet and outlet and the reservoir, monthly phytoplankton surveys were conducted in 2021, and the data were analyzed using the phytoplankton functional group (FG) method and redundancy analysis (RDA). The results showed 143 species of phytoplankton were identified in Shanghai Qingcaosha Reservoir during the investigation. The average biomass of phytoplankton was (0. 64±0. 35) mg/L. There were 25 functional groups of phytoplankton in the reservoir, among which K, Lo, H1, S1, B, D, P, MP, F and G were dominant functional groups. There were 3 phyla and 40 species in the inlet water, 5 phyla and 48 species in the outlet water. These species belonged to 15 groups and 19 functional groups. There were five groups and nine groups of dominant function groups in the inlet and outlet water, respectively. The average annual biological density and biomass of the inlet water were 118. 17×104 cell/L and 0. 16 mg/L, respectively. Compared with the inlet water, the average annual biological density and biomass of the outlet water increased by 34. 85% and 50. 12%, respectively, and there was a significant difference between the inlet water and outlet water biomass. The ANOVA analysis showed that there was no significant difference in the composition of phytoplankton functional groups at the head, middle and tail of the reservoir, and the species similarity of the three reservoirs was moderate. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that water temperature (WT), ammonia nitrogen ( NH4+-N) and dissolved oxygen (DO) were the main environmental factors affecting the dominant functional groups of phytoplankton in Qingcaosha Reservoir. In this study, the division and succession of phytoplankton functional groups in Qingcaosha Reservoir were analyzed, and the differences of phytoplankton functional groups in the inlet water and outlet water were compared, which provided a theoretical basis for the protection of water resources in the reservoir. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Prataculturae Sinica is the property of Acta Prataculturae Sinica Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin of Botanical Research is the property of Bulletin of Botanical Research Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Pork myofibrillar protein (MP) was selected as the main research material. The Fenton oxidation system was employed to replicate the oxidation conditions of meat items, and curcumin with different concentrations (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 µmol/L) was added to it. Changes in amino acid side chain, secondary structure, tertiary structure and solubility of protein were analyzed. To explore the inhibitory effect of curcumin on the oxidation of pork myofibrillar protein at different concentrations and its specific effect on protein structure. The results showed that curcumin had good free radical scavenging performance and could effectively slow the protein oxidation and structural changes caused by hydroxyl radicals, and this inhibition was proportional to the concentration of curcumin in a specific concentration range (5-20 µmol/ L). Compared with the oxidation group, the curcumin treatment group significantly inhibited the formation of carbonyl groups and the increase of surface hydrophobicity, the curcumin treatment group of 20 µmol/L had the inhibition rates of 2.62% and 51.78%, respectively (P<0.05), can also significantly alleviate the decline of sulfhydryl, free amino and solubility (P<0.05), the inhibition rates were 80.02%, 59.34%, 70.84%, respectively, and the addition of curcumin can promote the MP tertiary structure unfolding, can also alleviate the secondary structure changes caused by hydroxyl radi¬cals. Therefore, curcumin can interact with MP to alleviate its oxidative deterioration and structural changes, and has a good effect on the quality and preservation of meat products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Volatile organic compounds（VOCs） seriously endanger the ecological environment and human health, so it is of great significance to detect VOCs gases with typical functional groups. In this paper, the sensing properties of VOCs gas C2H2, C2H4, HCOOH, CH3OH, HCHO and CH3COCH3 molecules with typical functional groups on the surface of anatase TiO2（101） were investigated. The results show that when the surface with oxygen vacancy defects adsorbs polar molecules, the larger the dipole moment is, the more stable the adsorption system is; when the surface with oxygen vacancy defects is adsorbed on non-polar molecules, the lower the saturation degree of C atom bonding, the more stable the adsorption system. The analysis shows that the differential charge density and charge layout reflect the influence of the size of the dipole moment and the degree of C atom bond saturation on the ability of gas molecules to gain or lose electrons. For polar molecules, the ability of the O atom in the functional group of the gas molecule to gain electrons is OCH3COCH3＞OHCHO＞OCH3OH＞OHCOOH. For non-polar molecules, the ability of the C atom in the functional group to gain electrons is CC2H2＞CC2H4.The analysis of the density of states diagram reveals that the peak position and size of the adsorption system at the Fermi energy level are also influenced by the dipole moment and the saturation of C atoms, which is essentially due to the different redox ability of different functional groups with the material surface. Therefore, the degree of adsorption stability on the surface of the material is closely related to the dipole moment of polar molecules or the degree of bond saturation of C atoms of non-polar molecules. It is of great significance to explore the adsorption gas sensing of organic gases by studying the dipole moment of the gas and the degree of C bond saturation.  [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To scientifically categorize the types of rural settlements, corresponding rectification measures were proposed for different types of rural settlements. Taking Huinan County, Jilin Province as a case study, a spatial evaluation index system of production-life-ecology was constructed to categorize the types of village clusters by analyzing the minimum resistance model and K-means clustering results, and further classified different rural settlement types within the village clusters according to the improved spatial gravity model and weighted Voronoi diagram. According to the size of the comprehensive resistance value, it was divided into five resistance zones：minimum, small, medium, large, and maximum, and four village group types were established based on the comprehensive resistance zoning results and clustering results. The cluster promotion included 47 villages with a total scale of 1.243×107 m², and the suburban integration included 35villages with a total scale of 7.169×106 m² . The featured protection included 41 villages with a total scale of 1.252×107 m², and the stable improvement included 18 villages with a total scale of 4.201×106 m² . According to the relative gravitational value relationship within the village group and the actual functional radiation range of each rural settlement, the direction of migration and merger of rural settlements were determined, and rural settlements were further divided into three types within the village group：key construction, general construction, and migration and merger. Corresponding rectification strategies were proposed for the optimization of the layout of rural settlements. The production-life-ecology spatial evaluation index system can better reflect the influence of the combination of external factors on the layout of rural settlements in Huinan County. Based on various spatial analysis methods, such as the least resistance model, the characteristics of village groups and their internal combinations were categorized, the types of rural settlements were scientifically classified, corresponding management measures were proposed for different types of rural settlements, and strategies in line with local developments were developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper, the research on the discovery, synthesis, biological activities, mechanism of action, non-target toxicity and derivatives of hinokitiol was reviewed. Hinokitiol is a kind of plant secondary metabolite with antimicrobial, insecticidal, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and other biological activities. It can be synthsized from readily available raw materials in industry and has significant development value. The seven-membered ring and carbonyl group of hinokitiol are essential groups for its bioactivity, and the structure-activity relationship suggests that the modification of hydroxyl group position may be one of the important ways to discover the highly active hinokitiol derivatives. However, the action characters, non-target toxicity and structural stability of hinokitiol are still unclear, which greatly limits the application of hinokitiol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing is the property of Editorial Department of Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Coal Science & Technology (0253-2336) is the property of Coal Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Fly Ash Comprehensive Utilization is the property of Hebei Fly Ash Comprehensive Utilization Magazine Co., Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Biochar is a carbon-rich solid obtained by the high-temperature pyrolysis of biomass under oxygen-limited conditions. Its abundant oxygen-containing functional groups, large specific surface area, highly aromatic structure, and other properties make biochar a good agent for heavy metal fixation, and therefore, biochar has great potential for use in the remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils. Most current research on biochar focuses on short-term remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil using newly prepared biochar. However, after entering the soil, biochar is gradually aged by various natural earth forces over time, and the aging process has a non-negligible effect on the physicochemical properties and adsorption performance of biochar. This article systematically reviews the progress in biochar aging methods and the effects of aging treatment on the physicochemical properties, heavy metal adsorption performance, and bioeffectiveness of biochar in China and abroad; clarifies the current status of biochar aging research; and suggests directions for future biochar aging research, with the objective of providing effective theoretical support for the long-term remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objectives]The purpose of this research was to study the novel cigarette beetle repellents. [Methods]The three-dimensional(3D)structures of 11 odorant-binding proteins(LserOBP)of Lasioderma serricorne were predicted by using the AlphaFold2 software, and molecular docking was conducted using Autodock Vina software with 11 LserOBP as receptors and 14 plant-derived molecules with repellent effects on cigarette beetle as ligands. [Results]The binding sites of LserOBP2, LserOBP4, LserOBP5, LserOBP6, LserOBP8 and LserOBP9 to rutin were located in the hydrophobic cavity formed by the α-helixs in the 3D structures of the 11 LserOBP, which were alike to those of the OBP and ligands that had been studied in other species. LserOBP1, LserOBP3, LserOBP5, LserOBP6 and LserOBP8 had good binding ability to trans-anethole, 2-(4-methylphenyl)propan-2-ol, 3-carene, methyl cinnamate, ethyl cinnamate, diethyltoluamide(DEET), terpinyl acetate and rutin, and these compounds had application prospects as the components of the novel cigarette beetle repellents. The binding ability of LserOBP to ligands might be related to the 3D structure of LserOBP, the relative molecular mass of ligand and the functional groups of them. Within a certain range, LserOBP had a stronger binding ability to ligands with larger relative molecular mass. LserOBP could form hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen bonds, salt bridges, π-π stacking and π-cation stacking with ligands, among which the main roles were hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds. And phenylalanine, tyrosine, isoleucine, leucine, valine, tryptophan, lysine and alanine might play a role in LserOBP binding odor molecules. [Conclusions]The molecular docking technique was used to clarify the interactions between 11 odorant-binding proteins of L.serricorne and 14 repellent odor molecules, laying the foundation for the development of new repellents for cigarette beetle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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BACKGROUND:Black shales are mostly developed in special periods in geological history.They not only record the evolution characteristics of paleoenvironment,paleoclimate and paleontology,but also are carriers of organic matter,oil and gas and various metal deposits.Taking the black shale of the Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation in Guizhou as an example,it not only shows the extraordinary enrichment of V,Ni and other metal elements,forming vanadium ore and nickel-molybdenum ore,but is also rich in organic matter,with TOC content of 0.7%-14.6%（average 5.2%）.At present,the co-enrichment mechanism of metal elements Ni,V and organic matter is still unclear,but organic matter plays an important role in the enrichment,migration and transformation of metal ions.OBJECTIVES:To understand the co-enrichment mechanism of organic matter and metal elements by exploring the effect of metal elements on the structure of organic matter.METHODS:Take two groups of 50mL polypropylene centrifuge tubes A and B,and add 5g of humin to each centrifuge tube.Then add 20mL of Ni single element standard solution to the group A centrifuge tube,and 20mL of V single element standard solution to the group B centrifuge tube.Place the centrifuge tube in a constant temperature oscillator for 24h with the temperature of 298K and the speed of 220r/min.After standing for 24h,the filtered solid part is placed in a 50mL beaker and dried.The dried samples（numbered as HM-Ni and HM-V） and the original humin sample（numbered HM） are analyzed by element analyzer,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance carbon spectroscopy(13C-NMR).RESULTS:The results show that the elemental composition of humin is mainly C and O.After the action of Ni and V metal solutions,the relative contents of O and S elements in humin decrease,and the relative contents of C and N elements increase.The ratio of H/C and O/C atoms is HM＞HM-V＞HM-Ni.XPS test shows that the C element on the surface of humin is mainly in the form of aromatic carbon,while the O element is mainly in the form of hydroxyl oxygen.For C with different occurrence forms,the influence trend of Ni and V metal solutions on them is the same,which reduces aromatic carbon,hydroxyl carbon and carbon-based carbon,and mainly destroys aromatic carbon（C—C/C—H） single bonds.For O with different occurrence forms,the Ni metal solution reduces hydroxyl oxygen and carboxyl oxygen,which makes the hydrogen-enriched and oxygen-enriched functional groups prolapse;the V metal solution reduces carbonyl oxygen and carboxyl oxygen,which destroys the carbonyl double bond（C=O）.Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance carbon spectroscopy(13C-NMR) tests show that the action of Ni metal solution can reduce the relative contents of bridged aromatic carbon(farB),oxygen-connected aromatic carbon(farP),carbonyl carbon（faO）,methyl and quaternary carbon(fal*),as well as methylene and methine carbon(falH);V metal solution can reduce the relative contents of protonated aromatic carbon(farH),bridged aromatic carbon(farB),oxygen-connected aromatic carbon(farP),carbonyl carbon（faO）,methyl and quaternary carbon(fal*),as well as methylene and methine carbon(falH).Both metal solutions can make the O-enriched and H-enriched functional groups in oxygen-linked aromatic carbon(farP) and bridged aromatic carbon(farB) prolapse from the aromatic ring,shorten the lipid chain length in humin,reduce the stability of organic carbon,reduce the content of active organic carbon and reduce the degree of hydrophobicity.CONCLUSIONS:Through comparative analysis,it is shown that humin has a certain oxidation ability to Ni and V metal elements.After the action of the two metal solutions,the occurrence morphology of C and O elements in humin can be changed.Ni metal solution mainly affects the aliphatic carbon structure,while V metal solution mainly affects the aromatic carbon structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects on structure, morphology, composition and characteristics of reverse osmosis membrane fouling were investigated by an effluent with different Ca/Al ratios of membrane bioreactor in a biopharmaceutical enterprise. The results demonstrated that calcium and aluminum combined with organic matter formed a composite fouling layer on the membrane surface, and the change of Ca/Al ratio resulted in significantly different membrane fouling characteristics. The form of Al-O-H in the solution was preferentially combined with the organic functional groups by polar force, and it was co-deposited with the coagulation of the hydrophobic organic components under the condition of low aluminum content and high Ca/Al ratio. It had a far greater effect on the formation of membrane fouling than the Ca component. According to the extended Young's equation, the total surface tension of the system was calculated as:53.0 mJ/m² (low Ca low Al),69.5 mJ/m² (low Ca high Al),70.4 mJ/m² (high Ca high Al).It showed that the change of aluminum content mainly affected the polar force between the solution and the membrane material, and the change of the calcium content had almost no corresponding effect The results of membrane cleaning indicated that the membrane fouling caused by calcium-aluminum components were stratified in spatial structure,and aluminum was tightly bound to the bottom layer of membrane fouling by the polar force between the molecules on the membrane surface, forming irreversible fouling. Calcium mainly existed in the contaminated filter cake layer which can be easily recovered by chemical cleaning. Therefore, it is of great significance to accurately control the dosage of aluminum salt in the coagulation pretreatment stage to prevent membrane fouling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The research progress of oil-resistant silicone rubber was reviewed, and three main methods to improve the oil resistance of silicone rubber were introduced, which were adjusting the formula, introducing polar functional groups, and blending with other rubber. The application prospect of oil-resistant silicone rubber was also speculated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) experiment and peak fitting technology were used to perform qualitative and quantitative researches on the functional groups of three coal samples with different levels of metamorphism to calculate and analyze infrared spectrum structure parameters. The results of the study show that as the deterioration of coal samples deepens, the hydroxyl functional groups gradually increase, the content of hydroxyl-N and ring hydrogen bonds decreases, and the content of hydroxyl-π increases; in aliphatic hydrocarbons, the methyl content increases, while the methine content decreases. The oxygen-containing functional groups gradually decrease, and C=O shows a downward trend. The content of carboxyl groups is the highest in low-grade coals, and there are almost no carboxyl groups in high-grade coals. Aromatic hydrocarbons gradually decrease, and aromatic hydrocarbons are mainly substituted by three or four. As the degree of metamorphism increases, the length of fatty side chains becomes shorter, the degree of branching increases, the maturity of organic matter increases, and the carbon skeleton becomes softer; coal metamorphism is a process of deoxidation and carbon enrichment. The aromatic carbon ratio, aromatic hydrogen ratio, aromatic degree and condensation degree of coal with high metamorphic degree are higher, which makes the arrangement of structural units in coal more regular and orderly and the structure more stable.

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) detection technology has the characteristics of high detection accuracy, fast scanning speed and wide spectral range, which can realize qualitative and quantitative analysis of gas, liquid or solid samples, and has been widely used in petrochemical, environmental gas testing and many other industries. The paper analyzes the research progress and limitations of FTIR quantitative analysis algorithms at this stage. Taking the industry as an example, the application effect of FTIR technology in the study of coal chemical structure, coal functional groups and gas detection is discussed. Finally, it points out the main problems that restrict the application of FTIR technology in the field of coal mine gas detection.

The waste cabbage leave（WCL）was used as raw material to prepare biochars under various temperatures（420, 520, 620, 720 ℃）. Biochars were comprehensively characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FTIR）, X-ray diffraction（XRD）and so on. Additionally, the relationship between pyrolysis gas and biochar properties was investigated. The results show that biomass energy recovery could concentrate on the process conditions, as pyrolysis gas is significantly correlated with the heating rate, while biochar production is influenced by the heat and retention time at the end of pyrolysis. Pyrolytic gases could be correlated with the changes of functional groups on biochar surface and the microstructure of carbon. High-temperature biochars have more ordered structures, but low-temperature biochars have more functional groups and their oxygen-containing functional groups can reach 55%. In addition, 520 ℃ may be the characteristic temperature point of bio-pyrolysis of WCL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the theoretical framework of adaptive dynamics, the evolution of the predator-prey model with functional response of group defense effect on the predator handling time, was investigated. Firstly, in view of the interaction of predator populations with interspecific competition, the evolutionary conditions for a single predator population to split into 2 populations with different strategies through evolutionary branching were given. Secondly, when the ecological equilibrium of the model is unstable and the system has a limit cycle, the population will have strong coexistence under large mutation, but this coexistence will be evolutionarily unstable. Finally, the conclusions for the model with Holling-Ⅱ type functional response were compared. The results indicate that, with a sufficiently large prey carrying capacity, group defense effects can evolutionarily lead to the extinction of predators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Dalian University of Technology / Dalian Ligong Daxue Xuebao is the property of Journal of Dalian University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica is the property of Acta Materiea Compositae Sinica Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology (1008-0864) is the property of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Guangdong University of Technology is the property of Journal of Guangdong University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to understanding the chemical properties and microstructures of coke during in-situ combustion of heavy oil. It was achieved by conducting a coke generation experiment in an indoor high-temperature and high-pressure reactor. To begin with, the organic elements of the generated granular coke samples were studied, in addition to the findings on its Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), rock pyrolysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and CT three-dimensional reconstruction. The experimental results suggest that the coke generated herein by in-situ combustion of heavy oil oxygen content that increased by nearly three times. The coke saw enriched oxygen levels but more deficient carbon levels compared with crude oil, with significant structural break in long-chain fatty acids and intensified aromatization. Due to the introduction of oxygen, oxygenated functional groups in the coke existed mainly in such macromolecular forms as aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid, ester and alcohol. Degradable S2 was the leading organic composition in the coke, which continued to break down into hydrocarbons of smaller molecular weight at high temperatures, providing fuel for sustained in-situ combustion of heavy oil. Carbon residue in coke is a type of polar macromolecular compounds of heavy oil through pyrolysis and polycondensation under high temperature and high pressure that may fuel the in-situ combustion at high temperature in an oxygenated environment. Moreover, observations using SEM and CT also showed that pore spaces of the coke consisted of a series of organic holes with different sizes. A large number of inter-connecting holes form a network of pore spaces that are indeed conducive to sufficient contact with oxygen in the process of in-situ combustion. As shown from the findings, this research may facilitate a better understanding of the chemical properties and microstructures of coke generated via high temperature oxidation during in-situ combustion, and may serve as valuable supporting references for the further mechanism development of fire flooding and for adjustment of relevant development schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The effect of cyantraniliprole on the gut enzyme, microbial composition, relative function genes and resistance genes of Plutella xylostella is explored, which provides reference for the study of microbial composition and function in gut of P.xylostella treated with diamide insecticides. [Method] Through metagenomic sequencing technology, the changes of intestinal microbial community structure and function of P.xylostella after feeding 0.15 mg/L cyantraniliprole-soaked leaves were studied. [Result] The activities of carboxylesterase and glutathione-S-transferase in the gut of P.xylostella fed with cyantraniliprole-soaked leaves increased significantly, while the activities of mixed-functional oxidase decreased significantly.A total of 35 phyla, 64 classes, 125 orders, 214 families, 294 genera and 401 species were identified in the gut of P.xylostella treated with cyantraniliprole, while 34 phyla, 66 classes, 120 orders, 200 families, 261 genera and 347 species were identified in the the gut of P.xylostella with non-treatment of cyantraniliprole（CK）.Microsporidia and Firmicutes were the common dominant phyla, and Nosema and Enterococcus were the dominate genera in the gut of P.xylostella in the treated group and CK, while the relative abundance of common dominant genera in the treated group were lower than that in CK.A total of 11 682 and 6437 functional genes were annotated in the eggNOG and KEGG databases, respectively, which distributed in functional groups of carbohydrate transport and metabolism, posttranslational modification, protein turnover, genetic information processing and other groups; 410 carbohydrate-active enzyme genes and 18 categories of 311 antibiotic resistance ontologies were annotated in the CAZy and CARD databases, respectively.Cyantraniliprole treatment changed the metabolic function of the intestinal microflora of P.xylostella.The intestinal microflora of P.xylostella were annotated with 15 432 and 8591 functional genes, 577 carbohydrate-active enzyme genes, and 419 antibiotic resistance ontologies in 22 categories in the eggNOG and KEGG database, CAZy database, and CARD database, respectively. [Conclusion] Cyantraniliprole treatment increases intestinal carboxylesterase and glutathione-S-transferase activities, decreases mixed-functional oxidase activity, and reduces the relative abundance of dominant intestinal microorganisms in gut, but increases the number of functional genes such as carbohydrate-active enzyme genes and antibiotic resistance in P.xylostella. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food & Machinery is the property of Food & Machinery Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)