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To provide researchers with a comprehensive understanding of the Psychology and Behavior Investigation of Chinese Residents (PBICR), this paper introduces its background and features from four aspects. In terms of design concepts, PBICR focuses on many aspects of mental health and health behaviours in the Chinese population, takes full account of timeliness and efficiency, adheres to the original intention of data openness and data sharing, builds a high-quality database with a large-sample, multi-centre, repetitive, nationwide cross-sectional design, and promotes data mining and exchange and cooperation; in terms of survey implementation, PBICR adopts a combination of population size-proportional, multistage sampling and quota sampling, and obtains data through face-to-face field surveys with strict quality control to ensure the representativeness and reliability of the samples; in terms of output, PBICR's research content is rich and updated in line with international hotspots, which can satisfy the demand for research on diversified variables and data, and the results of its past research have a higher influence in many fields such as public health, management, communication, and psychology; Looking ahead, PBICR will gradually complete the construction of databases from the general database to sub-databases, pay attention to special populations and a wide range of regions around the world, add tracking surveys and biomedical data research perspectives, and have great research potential to drive research on the mental and behavioural health of Chinese residents through the overall layout of the multi-dimensional.

Objective To evaluate the clinical and paraclinical features of Chinese patients with anti- LGI1 encephalitis. Methods Patients with memory deficits, psychiatric symptoms, seizures or altered level of consciousness, suspicious of encephalitis, at presentation to Peking Union Medical College Hospital were recruited between July 2013 and January 2018, and tested for anti-LGI1 antibodies in their serum and/or cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) samples. Patients with anti-LGI1 antibodies were enrolled. The demographic characteristics, clinical manifestations, laboratory examination results, neuroimaging features, immunotherapy, follow-up practices and outcomes for included patients were registered and analyzed. Results The study enrolled 120 patients, of whom 66.7% were male. The median age was 61 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 49-66 years). Seizures(65.0%) were the most common initial symptoms. Most patients developed seizures (95.0%), including faciobrachial dystonic seizures (54.2%), memory deficits (92.5%), and psychiatric symptoms (69.1%). Brain MRI and 18F-FDG PET / CT showed that the lesions were mainly located in unilateral or bilateral medial temporal lobes, and (or) basal ganglia. Of the patients, 95.0% received intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) or corticosteroids, 47.5% received mycophenolate mofetil as long-term immunotherapy, and no one received second-line immunotherapy. The median follow-up was 34.2 months(IQR: 22.0-45.6 months). 91.2% had a good outcome (modified Rankin Scale score≤2 points). Residual mild memory deficits were present in 47.8% of the patients. Nine deaths were documented. Relapses occurred in 24.8% of the patients in the first year. In total, 24 (20%)cases were young patients(onset age ≤45 years).There were fewer males among the younger patients(37.5% vs. 74.0%, P < 0.01). Besides, there were fewer younger patients with psychiatric symptoms(50.0% vs. 74.0%, P=0.02), hyponatremia(33.3% vs. 68.8%, P < 0.01), and abnormalities on brain 18F-FDG PET/CT(20.8% vs. 47.9%, P=0.02). The relapse-free survival rate was significantly higher in the young patients. Conclusions Elderly males were predominant in patients with anti-LGI1 encephalitis. Most patients developed symptoms of limbic encephalitis and/or FDBS during the disease course. Several patients were young adults and lacked typical symptoms. Neuroimaging features were consistent with the involvement of limbic system or basal ganglia. Patients with anti-LGI1 encephalitis respond well to immunotherapy, irrespective of the age.