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Objective: To analyze the association between dietary fat intake and the risk of polycystic ovarian syndrome(PCOS)., Methods: PCOS patients treated in a tertiary hospital in Anhui Province from October 2021 to October 2022 were selected as the case group, and non-PCOS patients treated in the hospital during the same period were selected as the control group. A total of 262 subjects were included in the study, 131 were included in the case group and 131 in the control group. A semi-quantitative dietary frequency questionnaire was used to investigate the dietary intake in the past year, and the daily intake of various fatty acids and the ratio of fatty acid energy supply were calculated according to the food intake. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association between dietary fat intake and the risk of PCOS., Results: The dietary intakes of total fat, fatty acid, saturated fatty acid and monounsaturated fatty acid in PCOS patients were higher than those in control group(P>0.05), and there was statistical significance in daily intakes of eicosapentaenoic acid between two groups(P<0.05). After adjusting for confounding factors such as long-term residence, occupation, family per capita monthly income, menstrual cycle regularity, menstrual volume, and weight loss experience, Logistic regression analysis showed that the ratio of fat supply to energy was positively correlated with the risk of PCOS(OR=1.622, 95%CI 1.237-2.127). The energy supply ratio of monosaturated fatty acids(OR=0.597, 95%CI 0.373-0.955) and polyunsaturated fatty acids(OR=0.585, 95%CI 0.372-0.921) were negatively correlated with the risk of PCOS(P<0.05)., Conclusion: The energy supply ratio of fat was positively correlated with the risk of PCOS, while the energy supply ratio of monosaturated fatty acids and the energy supply ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids were negatively correlated with the risk of PCOS.

The energy adjustment models in nutritional epidemiological studies could substantially reduce the confounding effect of total energy intake from the intake of dietary components, and it could explore the real relationship between the intake of dietary component and research outcomes. Four energy adjustment models were introduced in this article, including the standard multivariate model, multivariate nutrient residual model, energy partition model, and multivariate nutrient density model. The four energy adjustment models were applied to analyze the association between the intake of saturated fatty acids and the risk of all-cause mortality based on the data of the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The consistent results of different energy adjustment models could indicate that the four models could better control the confounding effect of total energy intake.

Objective: To explore the effects of medium-chain fatty acid( MCFA) on high-density-lipoprotein( HDL) in serum, liver and small intestine in Sprague Dawley rats fed with high fat diet., Methods: Thirty obese rats were divided into 3 groups randomly, and were fed high fat diet mixed with 2% octanoic acid, 2% decanoic acid, 2% oleic acid respectively for 8 weeks. The levels of blood HDL, apolipoprotein A1( ApoA1), apolipoprotein A2( ApoA2), triglyceride( TG), total cholesterol( TC), high-densitylipoprotein cholesterol( HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol( HDL-c) in serum were measured at the fourth and eighth week. The levels of HDL, ApoA1, and ApoA2 in liver and small intestine were measured by ELISA. Real-time PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of ApoA1 and ApoA2 in liver and small intestine from rats at the eighth week., Results: At the eighth week, significant decreases in levels of serum TG and TC were observed in octanoic acid and decanoic acid groups as compared with oleic acid group( P < 0. 05). Greater increases in levels of serum HDL and HDL-c/LDL-c were observed in octanoic acid group than in oleic acid group( P < 0. 05). Greater increases in protein expression of HDL and ApoA1 and in mRNA expression of ApoA1 in small intestine were observed in octanoic acid group than in oleic acid group( P < 0. 05)., Conclusion: MCFA can elevate the levels of HDL, HDL-c/LDL-c in serum, and increase the expressions of HDL and ApoA1 in small intestine.

Objective: To investigate dietary pattern during late pregnancy and fatty acid composition of transitional milk in inland regions of China., Methods: Eighty Chinese women were recruited from two different geographical inland regions (Jurong, an inland region close to freshwater. Xushui, an inland region with limited access to freshwater, forty women from each region) during late pregnancy. Their dietary status during late pregnancy was recorded and fatty acid composition in transitional milk was quantified., Results: Both marine fish consumption frequencies during late pregnancy were less than one time/week. The consumption of rapeseed oil in Jurong was significantly higher than in Xushui (P < 0.05). The total lipids contents of Jurong and Xushui were (4.39 ± 1.18) g/100g and (3.92 ± 1.47) g/100g, respectively (P = 0.11), and DHA composition were (0.46 ± 0.20 )% and (0.29 ± 0.09 )%, respectively (P < 0.05). There was positive relationship between rapeseed oil consumption and DHA in transitional milk (r = 0.362, P < 0.05)., Conclusion: Fatty acid composition in transitional milk differed between these two inland regions of China, which may be caused by difference of maternal dietary pattern during late pregnancy. The intake of precursor of n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid could compensate its dietary deficiency to some extent.

For making use of Ginseng resources and finding new anti-tumor drugs, the anti-tumor activity of three kinds of new panaxadiol fatty acid ester derivates: 3beta-acetoxy panaxadiol (I), 3beta-palmitic acid aceloxy panaxadiol (II), 3beta-octadecanoic acid aceloxy panaxadiol (Ill) and panaxaiol were compared through the method of cell stain and counting. Tumor cell was Vero cell line. Positive control was 5-FU. Blank was RPM11640 culture medium. Negative control was RPM11640 culture medium and the solvent for subjected drugs. The result showed that compound I had the strongest anti-tumor activity, second was panaxadiol, II and III had the same and the weakest antitumor activity. Furthermore, the anti-tumor activities of panaxadiol fatty acid ester derivates showed positive correlation with subjects' concentrations, but no relationship with molecular weight of fatty acid.

Objective: To explore the effects of dietary fat on gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)., Methods: Nulliparous pregnant women with GDM (GDM group, n = 85) were compared with normal pregnant women (normal pregnant group, NP group, n = 159). A 24 hours recall dietary assessment was obtained before dietary intervention. From the dietary record a list of the amount of foods consumed, were entered into a software program. The analysis was focused on three nutrients (carbohydrate, protein and fat), especially on dietary fat and fat subtypes., Results: (1) Total calorie per day in GDM group (8970 +/- 2115) kJ was higher than that in NP group (8799 +/- 1785) kJ, but there was no significant difference between two groups (P > 0.05). (2) Carbohydrate, protein and fat intake in GDM group (as % kJ) was 51.9 +/- 7.2, 17.5 +/- 0.9 and 30.6 +/- 1.3, respectively. Carbohydrate, protein and fat intake in NP group (as % kJ) was 53.6 +/- 8.1, 18.3 +/- 1.1 and 28.1 +/- 2.3 respectively. Fat intake (as % kJ) in GDM group was significantly higher than that in NP group (P < 0.05), while carbohydrate and protein intake (as % kJ) in GDM group was not significantly different compared with NP group (P > 0.05). (3) Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in GDM group (as % kJ) (8.3 +/- 0.5) was lower than that in NP group (10.1 +/- 0.4) (P < 0.05), but saturated fatty acids (SFA) in GDM group (as % kJ) (15.2 +/- 0.4) was higher than that in NP group (11.7 +/- 0.6) (P < 0.05). Although monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) in GDM group (as % kJ) (7.1 +/- 0.5) was higher than that in NP group (6.3 +/- 0.3), there was no significant difference between two groups., Conclusion: High dietary fat, high SFA and low PUFA may be one of the high-risk factors triggering GDM.