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Sestrin 3 （Sesn3） is a highly conserved stress-inducible protein that is stimulated during various stress conditions, including DNA damage, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammation, to protect organisms against different types of stimuli. Sesn3 is regulated by forkhead box O transcription factors, which activates both AMP-activated protein kinase and mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2（ mTORC2） and suppresses mTORC1. Moreover, Sesn3 can directly or indirectly scavenge reactive oxygen species to alleviate cellular oxidative damage. Sesn3 also plays an important role in the development of multiple diseases by participating in biological processes such as antioxidation, anti-aging, nutrient sensing, and maintenance of metabolic homeostasis. This study reviews the role of Sesn3 in cardiovascular and fatty liver diseases, diabetes mellitus, malignancies and epilepsy to explore novel concepts and potential therapeutic targets for addressing related diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the prevalence of metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in 7 421 employees of a company in Shiyan, Hubei Province, and the influencing factors of MAFLD. Methods According to the diagnostic criteria of MAFLD, 7 421 employees of Dongfeng Company who underwent physical examination were divided into the MAFLD group of 2 839 cases and non-MAFLD group of 4 582 cases. The gender, age and other data were collected, and we calculated the prevalence rate of MAFLD of different genders and ages. General data and blood biochemical indicators of the two groups were collected, including age, BMI, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), platelet count （PLT）, fasting blood glucose, uric acid, etc. With the presence or absence of MAFLD as the dependent variable and the indicators with statistical significance in the univariate analysis as independent variables and assigned values, mul⁃ tivariate Logistic regression analysis was conducted to analyze the influencing factors of MAFLD in 7 421 cases of physical examination. Results The prevalence of MAFLD among 7 421 subjects was 38. 3%, with 43. 8% in males and 17. 1% in females. The prevalence of MAFLD in males was significantly higher than that in females （P<0. 05）. The prevalence of male MAFLD patients <30 years old, 30-39 years old, 40-49 years old, and ≥50 years old was higher than that of female patients （P<0. 05）. Significant differences were found in the age, ALT, TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, PLT, the detection rate of overweight/obesity, the detection rate of impaired fasting glucose, and the detection rate of hyperuricemia between 3 309 male physical examination subjects of the non-MAFLD group and 2 576 male subjects in the MAFLD group （all P< 0. 05）. Significant differences were found in the age, ALT, TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, and PLT, the detection rate of overweight/obesity, the detection rate of impaired fasting glucose, and the detection rate of hyperuricemia between 1 273 non-MAFLD female subjects of the non-MAFLD group and 263 female subjects in the MAFLD group （all P<0. 05）. Logis⁃ tic regression analysis showed that age, ALT, TG, HDL-C, PLT, overweight/obesity, impaired fasting glucose and hyper⁃ uricemia were the influencing factors for MAFLD in 5 885 male physical examination subjects. ALT, TG, HDL-C, over⁃ weight/obesity, and hyperuricemia were the influencing factors for MAFLD in 1 536 female subjects. Conclusions Among 7 421 employees of a company in Shiyan, Hubei Province, the prevalence of MAFLD was higher in males than in females. Age, ALT, TG, HDL-C, PLT, overweight/obesity, impaired fasting blood glucose and hyperuricemia were the influencing factors for MAFLD in male physical examination subjects. ALT, TG HDL-C, overweight/obesity, and hyper⁃uricemia were the influencing factors for MAFLD in female physical examination subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To investigate the therapeutic effect of Exocarpium Citri Grandis formula granules (ECGFG) on fatty liver disease (FLD) in zebrafish and explore the underlying mechanism., Methods: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcoholic fatty liver disease (ALD) models were established in zebrafish larvae at 3 days post fertilization (dpf), in which the treatment efficacy of 16, 32, or 64 μg/mL ECGFG was evaluated by examining zebrafish survival and liver pathologies and using whole-fish oil red O staining and RT-qPCR. The therapeutic mechanism of ECGFG for FLD was investigated using Prussian blue staining, DCFH-DA probe, MDA content detection, RT-qPCR assay and immunohistochemical staining for CAV1., Results: In zebrafish models of NAFLD and ALD, treatment with ECGFG significantly reduced lipid accumulation and the expression levels of FASN, SREBP1, HMGCRA, TNF-α and IL-6, increased the expressions of Apoa1 and PPARα, and reduced iron deposition and the contents of MDA and ROS in the liver. In zebrafish models of NAFLD, treatment with ECGFG at the 3 doses significantly increased hepatic expressions of Tf, TfR, FPN and SLC7A11, and at the doses of 32 and 64 μg/mL, ECGFG obviously increased hepatic expression of GPX4. ALD fish models showed significantly increased hepatic expressions of Tf, TfR and FPN, which were effectively lowered by treatment with ECGFG at the 3 doses. ECGFG did not obviously affect the expression of SLC7A11, but its high dose (64 μg/mL) caused significant elevation of GPX4 expression. Both zebrafish models of NAFLD and ALD showed obviously increased CAV1 expression level in the liver, which was significantly reduced by treatment with 32 and 64 μg/mL ECGFG., Conclusions: In zebrafish models of NAFLD and ALD, ECGFG can alleviate lipid accumulation and inflammatory response and lower the expression level of CAV1 to restore iron homeostasis and suppress lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis in the liver.

OBJECTIVE: To systematically evaluate the efficacy of Silybin capsules in the treatment of fatty liver disease (FLD). METHODS: PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, CNKI, CBM and Wanfang Data were retrieved to collect the randomized controlled trial (RCT) of Silybin capsules in the treatment of FLD (the study group was given Silybin capsules alone, while the control group was not limited). The retrieval time was from the establishment of the database to Jun. 2022. After literature selection, data extraction and literature bias risk evaluation, Meta-analysis was performed by RevMan 5. 4 software. RESULTS: A total of 24 RCTs were extracted, including 2 356 patients (1 193 cases in the study group and 1 163 cases in the control group). The total effective rate (OR = 5. 24,95%CI = 3. 98-6. 90,P < 0. 000 01), significant effective rate ( OR = 2. 27, 95% CI = 1. 83-2. 83, P < 0. 000 01), B-ultrasound classification (OR = 2. 36,95%CI = 1. 03-5. 38,P = 0. 04), alanine aminotransferase (MD= -14. 81,95%CI = -20. 65- -8. 97,P<0. 000 01), aspartate aminotransferase (MD= -13. 60,95%CI = -18. 52--8. 67,P<0. 000 01), γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (MD= -22. 16,95%CI = -32. 56--11. 76,P<0. 000 1), triacylglycerol (MD= -0. 40,95%CI = -0. 76- -0. 05,P = 0. 03), total cholesterol (MD = -0. 77,95%CI = -1. 20--0. 34,P = 0. 000 4) and total bilirubin(MD = -4. 33,95%CI = -5. 24--3. 41,P<0. 000 01) in the study group were significantly better than those in the control group, with statistically significant differences. The incidence of adverse drug reactions in the study group was slightly lower than that in the control group, the difference was not statistically significant (OR = 0. 93,95%CI = 0. 50-1. 73, P = 0. 82>0. 05). CONCLUSIONS: The available evidence suggests that Silybin capsules are safe and effective in the treatment of FLD. Due to the limitations of the number and quality of RCT selected, the above conclusions need to be validated by more high quality RCT in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective: To investigate the prevalence rate of non-obese fatty liver disease and its influencing factors, and to provide a reference for the prevention and treatment of fatty liver disease. Methods A total of 23 545 individuals who underwent physical examination in Karamay Central Hospital from January to December 2015 and had complete data of abdominal ultrasound, body mass index (BMI), age, and sex were screened out to analyze the prevalence rate of fatty liver disease, and 7484 individuals with normal BMI who had complete data of triglyceride (TG), fasting blood glucose, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were further screened out to perform a multivariate analysis. The t-test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between two groups, and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between two groups; the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate independent influencing factors for non-obese fatty liver disease. Results In 2015, the prevalence rate of fatty liver disease was 30.2% (7116/23 545) among the individuals who underwent physical examination in Karamay Central Hospital. A stratified analysis based on BMI showed that the individuals with emaciation, normal BMI, overweight, and obesity had a prevalence rate of 0.8% (6/706), 9.3% (919/9899), 38.4% (3404/8870), and 68.5% (2787/4070), respectively (all P < 0.05), and male individuals had a significantly higher prevalence rate of fatty liver disease than female individuals (all P < 0.05). Among the 919 patients with non-obese fatty liver disease, young, middle-aged, and elderly patients accounted for 40.7% (374/919), 46.1% (424/919), and 13.2% (121/919), respectively. For the individuals with normal BMI, there was no significant difference in the prevalence rate of fatty liver disease between middle-aged and elderly individuals (14.5% vs 16.8%, P > 0.05), while both of them had a significantly higher prevalence rate than the young individuals (14.5%/16.8% vs 6.0%, P < 0.05). Young and middle-aged male individuals had a significantly higher prevalence rate of fatty liver disease than their female counterparts (χ²=99.40 and 43.29, both P < 0.001), while the elderly male individuals had a significantly lower prevalence rate than their female counterparts (χ²=9.81, P=0.002). For the individuals with normal BMI, the individuals with normal TG had a prevalence rate of fatty liver disease of 5.0% (311/6273), while those with elevated TG had a prevalence rate of 26.8% (325/1211), with a significant difference between the two groups (χ²=624.90, P < 0.001). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age, BMI, ALT, fasting blood glucose, TG, and serum uric acid level were independent influencing factors for fatty liver disease in individuals with normal BMI (all P < 0.001). Conclusion: There is a relatively high prevalence rate of non-obese fatty liver disease among individuals undergoing physical examination in Karamay Central Hospital, and 61.5% of the patients with non-obese fatty liver disease have glucose or lipid metabolic disorders. Serum TG level may be used as a simple and effective screening index for non-obese fatty liver disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Chinese Society of Hepatology of the Chinese Medical Association invited relevant experts to revise and update the Guideline of Prevention and Treatment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (2018Version) and renamed it as (Version 2024) Guideline for the Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Dysfunction-associated (non-alcoholic) Fatty Liver Disease. Herein, the guiding recommendations on clinical issues such as screening and monitoring, diagnosis and evaluation, treatment and follow-up of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease are put forward.

Objective To investigate the relationship between serum adipose differentiation⁃related protein (ADRP) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods This study enrolled 102 patients with T2DM hospitalized in the Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, between January and October in 2016. The patients were divided into T2DM + NAFLD group (n=52) and T2DM + non⁃NAFLD group (n=50) according to the presence of NAFLD. In addition, healthy individuals were selected as control group (NC, n= 40). The general clinical data were collected. Serum ADRP concentrations were measured with ELISA. Routine metabolic parameters and liver enzymes were also collected. Insulin resistance index was calculated by homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA⁃IR). Data were analyzed using Chi⁃Square Test, one⁃way ANOVA, SNK test, multivariate linear regression analysis and binary logistic regression analysis. Results Serum ADRP levels in NC group, T2DM+Non⁃NAFLD group and T2DM+NAFLD group showed an increasing trend [(2.98±0.42),(3.68±0.56),(4.85±0.45)μg/L,all P<0.05]. The between⁃group differences had statistical significance (P<0.01). Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that ADRP was independently correlated with age, waist circumference (WC), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), HOMA⁃IR and triglyceride (TG) (β=0.007,0.016,0.109,0.235,0.268,P<0.05). Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that ADRP, WC and TG were the independently risk factors for NAFLD with T2DM(OR= 5.916,3.500,3.513,P<0.05). Conclusions Increased serum ADRP level acts as an independent risk factor for NAFLD with T2DM. The ADRP level is closely related to age, obesity, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia and hyperlipemia. ADRP may play a role in the pathogenesis and development of diabetes and NAFLD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fatty liver disease has undergone a major name change, with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MASLD) replacing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The definition of MASLD no longer requires the exclusion of other co-existing liver diseases but instead associates hepatic steatosis with overweight/obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, or metabolic disorders and clearly defines the amount of alcohol consumption. The new definition also introduces the concepts of metabolic-related alcoholic liver disease and cryptogenic fatty liver disease. These changes will bring new challenges and opportunities for the design of clinical trials of fatty liver disease drugs and the selection of target populations.

Fatty liver disease (FLD) is one of the major causes of chronic liver disease worldwide. With the increasing incidence of obesity and metabolic syndrome worldwide, FLD concomitant with other liver diseases is becoming more common, and multiple etiological overlap is associated with poor disease prognosis. Therefore, FLD concomitant with other liver diseases is a clinical concerning issue. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a spectrum of disease continuum from non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and relative end stage liver disease, excluding other factors that may lead to fatty liver disease such as excessive alcohol consumption et. al. Following the nomenclature of NAFLD with metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), an international panel of experts proposed a new name in June 2023 as Metabolic dysfunction - associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), replacing the word "fatty" with "steatotic," The effect of lipid toxicity on FLD progression was highlighted. Compared with the concept of MAFLD, the disease spectrum of MASLD is broader, and the etiology and mechanism are more clear. The nomenclature of FLD brings some influence to the diagnosis and treatment of chronic liver diseases concomitant with FLD, including chronic hepatitis B, alcoholic fatty liver disease and genetic metabolic diseases. This article reviews the influence of renaming FLD on the diagnosis and treatment of FLD concomitant with other etiologies caused liver diseases.

The diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an exclusionary diagnosis, and the name does not reflect the disease's nature or mechanism. Internationally, MAFLD (metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease) and MASLD (metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease) have recently been proposed, which are translated as metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease in Chinese. The new name reflects the initiating factors of the disease, its occurrence and development process, and the clinical significance of associated outcomes. Through interventions against metabolic disorders, liver disease (hepatic manifestations of systemic disease) reflecting MASLD (MAFLD) has the potential to improve clinical outcomes.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has replaced chronic hepatitis B as the most common chronic liver disease in China and has now been renamed metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). The Brunt, the American NASH Clinical Research Network (NASH-CRN), the European Steatosis, Activity, and Fibrosis/Fatty Liver Inhibition of Progression (SAF/FLIP), and the Pediatric NAFLD are currently the four semi-quantitative grading systems for histological evaluation. This paper reviews these four scoring systems for the clinical selection of appropriate systems for diagnosis and prognosis assessment. This article is a review, and in order to coordinate the evaluation criteria of various scoring systems, the old name "NAFLD" is used.

Fatty liver disease is a common chronic liver disease which is mainly induced by abnormal lipid metabolism. To find out the effect of GP73 on lipid metabolism in the liver, we constructed a high GP73 expression liver model through a tail vein injection of AAV-GP73 into eight-week-old C57BL/6J mice. Liver lipid metabolomics analysis showed that lipids in the liver of mice, especially the triglycerides, were significantly increased. In addition, kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes enrichment analysis showed that GP73 altered lipid metabolites profile that may further disturb many signaling pathways related to cellular metabolism. The diseases linked to type II diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and choline metabolism in cancer cells were more likely to be dysregulated. Thus, GP73 may induce fatty liver by regulating lipid metabolism and promoting lipid accumulation in the liver.