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Objective To investigate the related mechanism of Slug inhibiting the proliferation of cervical cancer cell through CDH3/β-catenin/C-myc. Methods SiHa cells with stable Slug expression were screened. The expression of CDH3 in Slug-overexpressed SiHa cell was detected by RNA-sequence, Real-time PCR, Western blot and immunocytochemistry. The expression of CDH3 in SiHa and HeLa cells were detected by Western blot and immunocytochemistry. The protein level of CDH3 was up-regulated in HeLa cells or rescued in SiHa-Slug cells by transient transfection of CDH3 expression vector. The protein levels of β-catenin and C-myc were detected by Western blot, the cell growth was detected by cell counting and CCK-8 assays. Luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay (ChIP) were performed to detect the effect of Slug on regulating the promoter region of CDH3. Results SiHa cell line with stable Slug expression was successfully constructed. Slug overexpression inhibited CDH3 expression in SiHa cells. CDH3 promoted cell proliferation and up-regulated the protein level of β-catenin and C-myc in HeLa and SiHa-Slug cells. Slug could recognize and bind to the E-boxes in the CDH3 promoter region and inhibited the transcription of CDH3 in SiHa cells. Conclusion Slug could inhibit the expression of β-catenin and C-myc by inhibiting CDH3 transcription in SiHa cells, and then attenuate the growth of SiHa cells.

Objective To investigate the effect of HK2 on the proliferation and migration of cervical cancer cell lines HeLa and related mechanism. Methods HeLa cells with stable HK2 expression were screened. Cell proliferation, viability and cell cycle were detected by cell growth curves, MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Wound-healing assay and Transwell cell invasion assay were used to detect the effect of HK2 on the migration and invasion potential of HeLa cells. The expression of β-catenin, Cyclin D1, MMP7 and Slug were detected by Western blot and immunocytochemistry. The activity of Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway was detected by TOP/FOP assay. Cell growth, migration and invasion were detected in HeLa-HK2 cells treated with Wnt/β-catenin inhibitor (XAV-939). Results HeLa cells lines that stably expressing HK2 were successfully constructed. HK2 overexpression promoted the proliferation, migration, invasion and viability of HeLa cells, accelerated the transition of cell cycle from G0/G1 phase to S phase, enhanced the activity of Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway and up-regulated the protein expression of downstream factors, such as Cyclin D1, MMP7 and Slug. The promoted growth, migration and invasion of HeLa-HK2 cells were inhibited by Wnt/β-catenin inhibitor XAV-939. Conclusion HK2 could promote the proliferation, migration and invasion of HeLa cells by up-regulating the expression of Cyclin D1, MMP7 and Slug via Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

In order to enhance the capability of resistant to protein adsorption of the copolymer membrane of polyacryloylmorpholine-graft-acryloylmorpholine(PVDF-g-PACMO), a crosslinking agent of ethylene glycoldimethacrylate(EGDMA) was added to prepare the copolymer.The copolymers with different proportions of the crosslinking agent were cast into flat membranes via a liquid-liquid phase separation technique, and then the influence of EGDMA contained in the membranes on its capability of resistant to protein adsorption was investigated. FT-IR results indicate the PVDF-g-PACMO copolymers with EGDMA are synthesized successfully. A series of tests, including XPS, SEM, the contact angle, the static protein adsorption and permeation experiments, show that PACMO is much easier to segregate to the surface with the increase of the crosslinking agent content in the system, the number of membrane pores increases, meantime, the hydrophilicity and water flux of the copolymer membranes are improved. Moreover, the adsorption amount of protein, total pollution index and irreversible pollution index decrease, and reversible pollution index increases. All results indicate the crosslinking agent of EGDMA can enhance the capability of resistant to protein adsorption of PVDF-g-PACMO membranes.

This paper introduces the conventional treatment methods of agriculture wastewater, including chemical methods and biological methods. These methods have problems of low efficiency, secondary pollution and high cost. Based on the significant advantages of microalgae purification of wastewater that can achieve pollutant removal and wastewater resource utilization, the current research status of microalgae purification of agriculture wastewater is described, and the problems of microalgae purification of agriculture wastewater are presented with respect to the current research. In view of these problems, suggestions are given to solve the problems of microalgae purification of agriculture wastewater, which provide a reference for the future use of microalgae to purify agriculture wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article adopts a combination of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Ideal Point Method (IPM) to construct a decision-making model for ammunition supply methods, which includes six influencing factors: operational process time dimension, battlefield advance distance, task importance, task urgency, possibility of resource allocation around and ammunition demand. Firstly, we select four typical ammunition supply methods: fixed point supply, mobile supply, adjustment supply, and accompanying supply, and determine the decision-making attributes of the ideal situation. Then, we calculate the weights of each influencing factor through expert evaluation and scoring. Finally, based on the numerical calculation of each influencing factor given by various experts on the battlefield and the closeness of each ideal wartime ammunition supply method, the one with the highest closeness is the optimal wartime ammunition supply method. Through case analysis, the effectiveness of this method is verified, which has guiding significance for the decision-making of ammunition supply methods in actual wartime, and provides methods and ideas for in-depth research on ammunition supply decision-making.

Additive manufacturing provides a new way to develop high-performance superalloys and components. A γ′- strengthened CoNi-base superalloy suitable for additive manufacturing was developed，and a crack-free block material was prepared by optimizing the parameters of electron beam melting（EBM） technology. The experimental results show that the lowest porosity of the alloy is about 0.14% when the scanning speed is 2000 mm/s. The microstructures of the as-printed CoNi-base alloy are columnar grains growing along the direction，the average grain width is about 235 μm，and the volume fraction of γ′ phase is about 30%. After hot isostatic pressing and solution aging treatment，the porosity of the alloy is further reduced to about 0.09% with unobvious change of columnar grains. The average size of γ′ phases is about （70±18）nm with the volume fraction of about （32±3.6）%. The results of room temperature tensile tests show that the additive manufactured γʹ-strengthened CoNi-base superalloy exhibits excellent strength and ductility，showing a good potential of industrial application.

In order to solve the problems of low surface energy, long microbial attachment time and slow start of membrane hanging in the process of enhanced water purification, an iron carbon fiber-CF artificial water mat was constructed by combining waste iron and carbon fiber water mat. The heavily polluted surface water was used as raw water. Under the condition of stage aeration, the experiment of enhanced membrane hanging was carried out. The results showed that compared with carbon fiber artificial aquatic mat, the adhesion performance of biofilm on iron carbon fiber artificial aquatic mat was significantly improved, the hanging rate of biofilm increased from 125.1% to 133.0%, and the size of biofilm cluster structure was significantly larger. The polysaccharide, protein and protein-to-polysaccharide ratio in the extracellular polymer of biofilm changed from 53,11 mg/gVSS and 1.33 to 39, 106 mg/gVSS and 2.71 at the end of the initiation period (21 d), respectively. The enrichment and screening of Pseudomonas bacteria by iron-carbon materials improved the movement ability of bacteria and promoted the secretion of extracellular polymers by bacteria. In addition' the highly expressed functional genes of microorganisms were highly expressed in ICF, which improved the adhesion performance of microorganisms on the surface of iron-carbon fiber materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ice cream has the characteristic of thermodynamic instability. During processing, storage, transportation, and sales, temperature fluctuations cause recrystallization of ice crystals and then increase the average size of ice crystals, which leads to rough texture and poor taste of ice cream. Therefore, inhibiting the recrystallization of ice crystals in ice cream is the key to ensure the quality of ice cream. This paper reviews the formation mechanism and research progress of supercooling, nucleation, growth and recrystallization of ice crystals during freezing. The inhibitory effects of emulsifiers, stabilizers, sweeteners, and proteins in ice cream raw materials on ice crystal recrystallization are introduced in detail. Meanwhile, it also list the contents of freezing technologies such as ultrasonic assisted freezing, magnetic field assisted freezing, high-pressure assisted freezing, and electric field assisted freezing to inhibit ice cream recrystallization. The development direction of that is prospected, which provides a theoretical reference for adapting to the trend of online sales, developing new ice cream products and solving the problem of its crystal recrystallization.

Cell morphology is often used as a proxy measurement of cell status to understand cell physiology. Hence, the interpretation of cell dynamic morphology is a meaningful task in biomedical research. Mouse lymphocytes were collected to observe the dynamic morphology, and two datasets were thus set up. Local temporal feature was proposed to consider spatial heterogeneity and temporal regularity of cell dynamic morphology. The local temporal feature was applied to the video data of cell dynamic morphology, and compared with existing methods. Experiment results show that, the local temporal feature can outperform the existing methods and provide remarkable advances in the accuracy and robustness of the classification on both datasets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to screen an optimal thermal protective agent for immunoglobulin G in bovine colostrum, the IgG was extracted from bovine colostrum. Based on single factor experiments, the response value was the retention rate of IgG activity, and the response factors were glycine, maltitol and inulin. Box–Behnken experimental design on three levels and three variables was used for optimization of IgG thermal protectant. The structure of IgG was characterized by Fourier transform infrared Spectroscopy and endogenous fluorescence spectroscopy. The results showed that the best formula of IgG thermal protection agent was: Glycine 0.48%, inulin 14.98%, and maltitol 12.50%. Under these conditions, the IgG activity retention rate at 75 ℃ for 5 min was 36.59%, indicating that the response surface model had high accuracy and the optimized thermal protectant formula had practical application significance. The results of Fourier transform infrared spectrum and endogenous fluorescence spectrum analysis showed that compared with bovine colostrum IgG without compound heat protectant, the β-fold content decreased significantly (P

Turbine blades of aircraft engines may suffer serious degradation caused by overheating service exposures. In this paper, microstructure characteristics and tensile properties of K465 alloy, which is an equiaxed cast superalloy and widely used in turbine blades and vanes, were investigated after overheating treatment at 1180~1270℃. The microstructure before and after overheating was also examined and quantitatively characterized using SEM, XRD and physicochemical phase analysis. The relationship between microstructural degradation after overheating and tensile properties was investigated. The results indicate that primary γ' phase, carbides and grain boundaries are gradually dissolved in K465 alloy with increasing the overheating temperature; γ' phase distributed in the interdendritic region has a higher dissolution temperature than that in the dendrite core region due to a higher content of γ' phase forming elements. Incipient melting mainly occurs at the residual eutectic region and grain boundaries at 1270℃. The tensile properties are decreased significantly with increasing the overheating temperature, the yield strength was 439MPa at 1000℃ and dramatically decreased to 85MPa and 26MPa at 1180℃ and 1240℃, respectively. The tensile properties are mainly influenced by the dissolution behaviors of primary γ' phase and γ' film along grain boundaries as well as the influence of incipient melting.

To take full use of context information to learn the spatial relationship of the image, a novel model based on Generative Model and Region Connection Calculus (RCC) is proposed in this paper. We name it GM-RCC model, which is used for SAR image classification. Firstly, a SAR image is over-segmented into multi-scale super pixels via adopting the image pyramid. Then the hierarchical RCC model is utilized to describe the spatial relationships among these super pixels. All hierarchical RCC relationships are learned and reasoned under the Generative Model reasoning framework. The experiments are carried out on SAR image datasets and polarimetric features are selected with other typical features. The results reveal the efficient performances and superiorities of the proposed algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study which investigates the impingement process of two droplets onto a liquid film through numerical simulations. Highlighted is the use of an adaptive local refinement technique to optimize mesh quality and the analysis of the gas-liquid interface through the volume of fluid (VOF) method. Experimental results indicate that two drops normally impacting the film can produce a liquid jet generated through the collision of two crown sprays.

In 2009-2011, a field experiment was conducted in a rain-fed winter wheat field in Southern Shanxi of China to study the effects of different fertilization modes on the change characteristics of soil moisture and nitrate-N contents in 0-200 cm layer and of soil available phosphorus (Oslen-P) and potassium contents in 0-40 cm layer during summer fallow period (from June to September). Three fertilization modes were installed, i. e. , conventional fertilization (CF), recommended fertilization (RF), and ridge film furrow planting (RFFP) combined with straw mulch. The results showed that the rainfall in summer fallow period could complement the consumed water in 0-200 cm soil layer in dryland wheat field throughout the growth season, and more than 94% of the water storage was in 0-140 cm soil layer, with the fallow efficiency ranged from 6% to 27%. The rainfall in summer fallow period caused the soil nitrate-N moving downward. 357-400 mm rainfall could make the soil nitrate-N leaching down to 100 cm soil layer, with the peak in 20-40 cm soil layer. Straw mulching or plastic film with straw mulch in summer fallow period could effectively increase the Oslen-P and available K contents in 0-40 cm soil layer, and the accumulative increment in three summer fallow periods was 16-45% and 36-49%, respectively. Among the three modes, the binary coverage mode of RFFP plus furrow straw mulching had the best effect in maintaining soil water and fertility. The accumulative water storage and mineral N in 0-200 cm soil layer in three summer fallow periods were up to 215 mm and 90 kg · hm-2, and the accumulative OslenP and available K contents in plough layer were increased by 2. 7 mg·kg-1 and 83 mg·kg-1, respectively, being significantly higher than those in treatments CF and RF. There were no significant differences in the change characteristics in the soil moisture and nutrients between treatments CF and RF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background In recent years, in the context of global aging, the number of patients with chronic diseases in China has increased significantly, and the the coexistence of multiple diseases has become more and more common, which seriously threatens the life safety and quality of life of the older adults in China. Objective To investigate the status of multimorbidity of older adults, and explore the relationship and pathways of action between sleep, physical activity, social network and multimorbidity of older adults, providing ideas for the effective prevention of multimorbidity and health improvement of older adults. Methods Elderly people aged≥60 years in the Community Health and Behavior of the Elderly Panel Study (CHBEPS) established by our team in 2021 were selected as the subjects of the survey, a questionnaire was used to investigate the study population, the research objects were investigated by questionnaire, and the general situation was collected by self-designed basic information collection form, IPAQ-S-C, LSNS-6 and PSQI were used to assess the physical activity, social network and sleep of the subjects. AMOS 28.0 statistical software was used to set up the structural equation model. Results A total of 3 392 valid questionnaires were collected from 3 531 people over 60 years old, with an effective recovery rate of 96.06%. The average score of physical activity was 2 426.42 (495.00, 3 060.00) MET-min/w, the average score of social network was (15.91±6.43), and the average score of sleep was (5.49±3.53). There were 788 (23.23%) older adults with insufficient social network and 353 (10.41%) older adults with fair or very poor sleep quality. The prevalence of multimorbidity among the survey respondents was 41.13% (1 395/3 392). The results of correlation analysis showed that social network was negatively correlated with sleep level (rs=-0.113, P

The microstructure and property degradation of turbine blades in aircraft engines during service would finally pose threat to service safety. But report on systematic research work about microstructure and property degradation of serviced turbine blades is limited. In this paper, the 2nd stage turbine blade made of wrought Ni-based superalloy GH4033 was taken from an aircraft engine and investigated by metallographic analysis and physical and chemical phase analysis after service exposure for about 1600 engine operating hours (EOH). Microstructural features including grain microstructure, γ+γ' matrix and grain boundary (GB) carbides in different locations of the serviced blade were observed and quantitatively characterized. Vickers hardness and stress rupture tests were also conducted. The microstructure characterization indicates that the degradation in grain size, γ' precipitates and GB carbides is rarely observed in the airfoil. The service temperature is estimated to be lower than 700℃ based on the coarsen of γ' phase. The Vickers hardness and rupture lives of different locations in this blade are similar to those in the shank and met the requirement of Chinese Aeronautical Industry Standard HB/Z 91-1985. Therefore, it is suggested that the service exposure of this blade can be continuously prolonged. This study would be helpful for the evaluation of turbine blade made of wrought superalloys containing low volume fraction of γ' precipitates.

Background Patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) are more prone to anemia than those with non-diabetic kidney disease. Anemia quickens the progression of DKD, and is closely associated with cardiovascular disease and other complications. So studying the influencing factors of anemia in DKD is of great importance to the reduction of anemia incidence and the delaying of DKD progression. Objective To investigate the influencing factors of anemia in DKD. Methods Two hundred and fifty-four inpatients with DKD were selected from Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from January 2019 to September 2020. Data of them were retrospectively collected, including demographic information 〔gender, age, height, weight, blood pressure, duration of diabetes, calculated body mass index (BMI) , and smoke prevalence〕, and laboratory test indices 〔red blood cells (RBC) , serum hemoglobin (Hb) , total protein (TP) , albumin (ALB) , globulin (GLB) , alkaline phosphatase (ALP) , cholinesterase (CHE) , uric acid (SUA) , blood urea nitrogen (BUN) , creatinine (Scr) , cystatin C (Cys C) , retinol binding protein (RBP) , fasting plasma glucose (FPG) , calcium (Ca) , phosphorus (P) , magnesium (Mg) , zinc (Zn) , iron, unsaturatediron binding capacity (UIBC) , total iron binding capacity (TIBC) , ferritin, transferrin (TRF) , C-reactive protein (CRP) , and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) , glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) , UALB/CRE, 24-hour urine for microalbumin (24 h-mALB) , 24-hour urine for total protein (24 h-MTP) 〕 and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) . One hundred and sixteen cases were diagnosed with anemia, and 138 without (anemia was defined as serum Hb≤130 g/L for men, and ≤120 g/L for women) . Spearman rank correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used to explore the factors associated with anemia in DKD. Results Compared with patients without anemia, those with anemia had higher systolic blood pressure, and longer duration of diabetes (P

Objective To preliminarily discuss the feasibility of geolocation inference of forensic individual origin by soil metagenomic analysis. Methods The 33 soil samples from Heilongjiang, Qinghai and Tibet were collected, total bacterial DNA in the samples were extracted, and universal primers were used to amplify the V3 and V4 hypervariable region of bacterial 16S rDNA. The region was sequenced by high-throughput sequencing （HTS） with the MiSeq sequencer. Bioinformatics analysis such as species composition and sample comparison was performed on sequencing data. The richness index and diversity index were calculated based on operational taxonomic unit （OTU） results. Results A total of 2 720 149 sequences were generated by sequencing. Those sequences were clustered into 114 848 OTUs. The Chao1 indexes of soil microorganisms in Heilongjiang, Qinghai, and Tibet were 797.45, 745.11 and 535.98, respectively, and Shannon indexes were 6.46, 6.36 and 6.25, respectively. The number of bacterial species and the community diversity in the soil from high to low were Heilongjiang > Qinghai > Tibet. The composition of soil bacteria in three provinces at various classification levels were obtained, the dominant genuses in Heilongjiang were Chthoniobacteraceae DA101 and an unannotated genus of Thermogemmatisporaceae; the dominant genuses in Qinghai were an unannotated genus of Cytophagaceae and an unannotated genus of Nocardioidaceae; the dominant genuses in Tibet were an unannotated genus of Comamonadaceae and Verrucomicrobiaceae Luteolibacter. The results of principal co-ordinates analysis demonstrated that, according to the weighted UniFrac analysis, the three principle components represented 56.36% of the total variable, and according to the unweighted UniFrac analysis, the three principle components represented 34.81% of the total variable. The samples from the same province could be clustered together, and the species and content of soil microorganisms from different provinces were significantly different. Conclusion Based on the metagenomic analysis method, soil samples from different regions can be effectively distinguished, which has potential application value in geolocation inference of forensic individual origin in the future.

Objective: To explore the genetic basis for a fetus featuring oligodactyly., Methods: A fetus with hand deformity identified by ultrasound at the Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Hubei Province on October 20, 2018 was selected as the study subject. Clinical information and ultrasonographic finding of the pregnant woman were collected. Following elected abortion, umbilical cord and peripheral venous blood samples of the couple were collected for the extraction of genomic DNA. Copy number variation sequencing (CNV-seq) and trio-whole exome sequencing (trio-WES) were carried out. Candidate variants were verified by Sanger sequencing., Results: Ultrasonographic examination at 30 +2 weeks of gestation revealed that the fetus had small right hand with absence of 2nd-5th fingers, whilst its left hand had appeared to be normal. By CNV-seq, no pathogenic or likely pathogenic copy number variation (CNV) (≥ 100 Kb) was detected in the fetus. Trio-WES revealed that the fetus had harbored a novel heterozygous c.3298G>A (p.Val1100Met) variant of the SMC3 gene. The variant has not been recorded in the population databases, and was predicted to be deleterious by several bioinformatic software and evolutionarily conserved based on multiple sequence alignment analysis. Sanger sequencing showed that neither parent has carried the same variant. Based on the guidelines from the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG), the variant was predicted to be likely pathogenic (PS2+PM2_Supporting+PP3)., Conclusion: The fetus was diagnosed with Cornelia de Lange syndrome, for which the novel heterozygous c.3298G>A variant of the SMC3 gene may be accountable.

To explore the quality consistency evaluation method for multi-component traditional Chinese medicine and establish a dissolution evaluation method suitable for the characteristics of multi-component Chinese patent medicine, this study discussed the characteristics and advantages of the flow-through cell method in the dissolution evaluation of Chinese patent medicine by comparing the impact of the small cup method and the flow-through cell method on the dissolution behavior of water-soluble and lipid-soluble major active components of Danshen Tablets. Dissolution tests were performed using the small cup method as described in the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and the newly introduced flow-through cell method(closed-loop method) with water solution containing 0.5% SDS as dissolution medium. Cumulative dissolution curves of the water-soluble component salvianolic acid B and the lipid-soluble component tanshinone Ⅱ_A in Danshen Tablets were plotted, and fitting and similarity analysis of the dissolution models was conducted to identify the characteristics and advantages of the flow-through cell method. For the small cup method, 150 mL of water containing 0.5% SDS was used as the dissolution medium, with a rotation speed of 75 r·min~(-1) and a temperature of(37±0.5) ℃, and 3 mL of samples were taken at 15, 30 min, 1, 2, and 4 h, with fresh dissolution medium added at the same temperature and volume. For the flow-through cell method, a closed-loop system was used. Danshen Tablets were placed in the flow-through cell with approximately 6.7 g of glass beads, and 150 mL of water containing 0.5% SDS was used as the dissolution medium. The flow rate was set at 20 mL·min~(-1), and the temperature and sampling were the same as the small cup method. The results showed that compared with the small cup method, the flow-through cell method had stronger discriminative power and higher sensitivity in distinguishing the dissolution behavior of the two components, and could better reflect the differences in formulation quality, especially for water-insoluble lipid-soluble components. Given that there were no essential differences in the in vitro release kinetics between the two methods, the flow-through cell method could not only replace the traditional small cup method but also better guide the formulation development and identify quality issues of formulations.

Objective: Accurate segmentation of multiple gliomas from multimodal MRI is a prerequisite for many precision medical procedures. To effectively use the characteristics of glioma MRI and im-prove the segmentation accuracy, we proposes a multi-Dice loss function structure and used pre-experiments to select the good hyperparameters (i.e. data dimension, image fusion step, and the implementation of loss function) to construct a 3D full convolution DenseNet-based image feature learning network. This study included 274 segmented training sets of glioma MRI and 110 test sets without segmentation. After grayscale normalization of the image, the 3D image block was extracted as a network input, and the network output used the image block fusion method to obtain the final segmentation result. The proposed structure improved the accuracy of glioma segmentation compared to a general structure. In the on-line assessment of the open BraTS2015 data set, the Dice values for the entire tumor area, tumor core area, and enhanced tumor area were 0.85, 0.71, and 0.63, respectively.

Ginger juice， a commonly used adjuvant for Chinese materia medica， is applied in processing of multiple Chinese herbal decoction pieces. Because of the raw materials and preparation process of ginger juice， it is difficult to be preserved for a long time， and the dosage of ginger juice in the processing can not be determined base on its content of main compositions. Ginger juice from different sources is hard to achieve consistent effect during the processing of traditional Chinese herbal decoction pieces. Based on the previous studies， the freeze drying of ginger juice under different shelf temperatures and vacuum degrees were studied， and the optimized freeze drying condition of ginger juice was determined. The content determination method for 6-gingerol， 8-gingerol， 10-gingerol and 6-shagaol in ginger juice and redissolved ginger juice was established. The content changes of 6-gingerol， 8-gingerol， 10-gingerol， 6-gingerol， 6-shagaol， volatile oil and total phenol were studied through the drying process and 30 days preservation period. The results showed that the freeze drying time of ginger juice was shortened after process optimization; the compositions basically remained unchanged after freeze drying， and there was no significant changes in the total phenol content and gingerol content， but the volatile oil content was significantly decreased( P <0.05). Within 30 days， the contents of gingerol， total phenol， and volatile oil were on the decline as a whole. This study has preliminarily proved the feasibility of freeze-drying process of ginger juice as an adjuvant for Chinese medicine processing., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

We propose a novel strategy for multi-atlas-based image segmentation of the prostate on magnetic resonance (MR) images using an ellipsoidal shape prior constraint algorithm. An ellipsoidal shape prior constraint was incorporated into the process of multi-atlas based segmentation to restrict the regions of interest on the prostate images and avoid the interference by the surrounding tissues and organs in atlas selection. In the subsequent process of atlas fusion, the ellipsoidal shape prior constraint calibrated and compensated for the shape prior obtained by the registration technique to avoid incorrect segmentation caused by registration errors. Evaluation of this proposed method on prostate images from 50 subjects showed that this algorithm was effective and yielded a mean Dice similarity coefficients of 0.8812, suggesting its high accuracy and robustness to segment the prostate on MR images.

To study the metabolic products of main compounds of Chuankezhi injection in rat, 12 Sprague Dawley rats were classed into 2 groups, a blank control group and an intermuscular administration group, respectively. Rat feces and urine samples were collected from 0−24 h and 24−48 h after administration. All the samples were ultrasonically treated with methanol and then analyzed using LC-LTQ Orbitrap MSn. By comparison with the total ion chromatogram of samples from the blank control group, the metabolites in the samples of drug-treated group were screened. These metabolites were further analyzed by multistage product ion scanning and comparison of retention time with reference substances. As a result, a total of 12 flavonoid metabolites were tentatively identified from the rat feces and no metabolite was discovered in the rat urine. Epimedin C and icariin were detected in the rat blood samples after 30 min of administration, but their metabolites and other original flavones were not detected. Furthermore, no original flavones and their metabolites were detected in rat blood samples after 2 and 4 h of administration. The potential metabolism paths were further characterized and the principal in vivo transformation of flavones from Chuankezhi injection were deglycosylation, dehydration, methylation, oxidation and isomerization in rats.

Prospective, multi-center, large-sample and registered design was used to analyze the drug combination features of Shenqi Fuzheng injection in the real world clinical application, and comprehend the drug combination in the real world. A total of 30 026 patients with the use of Shenqi Fuzheng injection were registered, where the chemical drugs were used for 57 436 times (accounting for 82.76%), and the Chinese patent medicines were used for 11 962 times (accounting for 17.24%), mainly including anti-acid drugs and anti-ulcer drugs, nutritional agent, immune enhancement agent, etc. According to the association rules, drug combinations of 2 drugs were closely related to inhibiting gastric acid secretion and anti-tumor; drug combinations of 3 drugs were closely related to inhibiting gastric acid secretion, antiemetic and anti tumor; drug combinations of 4 drugs were closely related to inhibiting gastric acid secretion, antiemetic, anti-tumor, and immune enhancement. The above results were consistent with the Instruction, providing clues for accurate treatment, and laying the foundation for clinical rational drug use., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

Objective: To investigate the abnormal expression of interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the effect of IFITM3 knock-down on the biological behaviors of hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells., Methods: Western blot analysis and immunohistochemical staining were used to determine the expression of IFITM3 protein in 60 HCC samples and paired adjacent tissues. A small interfering RNA fragments of IFITM3 (IFITM3 siRNA) was transiently transfected into HepG2 cells and expressions of IFITM3 at mRNA and protein levels were examined by qRT-PCR and Western blotting. The changes in the proliferation of the transfected cells were determined using cell counting kit 8 (CCK8) assay, and the cell invasion and migration were tested using Transwell assay and wound-healing assay., Results: Compared with the adjacent tissues, HCC tissues expressed significantly higher levels of IFITM3. In HepG2 cells, transfection with IFITM3 siRNA resulted in significant down-regulation of IFITM3 expression at both the protein and mRNA levels and obviously suppressed cell proliferation, invasion, and migration ability as compared with the cells transfected with scrambled siRNA and control cells (P<0.05)., Conclusions: IFITM3, which is overexpressed in HCC, plays a vital role in the proliferation and invasion of HCC cells and may serve as a potential target for gene therapy of HCC.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of the 25 Gy ⁶⁰Co irradiation on the physiological and biochemical properties and the functions of the platelets during storage., Methods: A total of 15 bags of platelets were apheresis-collected from 15 healthy donors, and each bag of platelets were divided into 2 parts, then the platelets were divided into the control group (without 25 Gy ⁶⁰Co irradiation) and the irradiated group (with 25 Gy ⁶⁰Co irradiation) groups. The two groups of platelets were kept under the condition of (22 ± 2) °C and shaken. The Platelet count and pH value were detected on the d 1, d 2, d 3, d 4 and d 5. The variables such as R, K values, α angle and maximal amplitude (MA) were measured by thrombelastography on the same days. Hypotonic shock response (HSR), morphological score were devised., Results: There were no statistically significant difference in Plt counts, mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribute width (PDW) and pH between the two groups (P > 0.05), and Plt count decreased on the end of storage. There were no marked changes in HSR level and morphological score between the two groups during storage, and there were no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). In the TEG analysis there were no significant difference of the R, K, α angle and MA values between the two groups (P > 0.05). R value showed upward trend increased along with prolongation of preserved time (P < 0.01), no significant changes in α angle (P > 0.05), K value was slightly higher and MA value was lower in the last day of storage than the days 1-4 (P < 0.01), respectively., Conclusion: 25 Gy ⁶⁰Co gamma-ray irradiation can not damage the physiological, biochemical properties and the functions of the platelets during storage. In order to ensure the best curative effect, it is suggested that no matter the platelets were irradiated or not, the platelets should be used as soon as possible.

To study the regulation of androgen receptor (AR) expression in human prostate cancer LNCaP cells by triptolide (TP) and the possible mechanism, by using qRT-PCR and Western blot, the AR mRNA and protein levels in TP treated LNCaP cells were detected, and the AR protein level in TP and NF-κB inhibitor treated LNCaP cells was also detected; a series of pGL3-AR promoter reporter gene vectors were built using restriction-free cloning method, and the vectors were employed to investigate the effects of TP on the transcriptional activity of AR promoter in LNCaP cells; the upstream proteins which may play regulatory roles were detected using western blot assay. After treated LNCaP cells with TP for 48 h, AR mRNA and protein expressions decreased with increasing TP concentration. The expression of AR target gene PART1 and prostate specific antigen (PSA) was also downregulated by TP treatment; a series of pGL3-AR promoter reporter vectors were constructed and validated by sequencing and luciferase activity; the results of dual luciferase reporter assay showed that TP downregulated AR at the transcriptional level; PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway which is associated with AR promoter activity was drowregulated by TP. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that the transcriptional activity of AR in LNCAP cells was downregulated by TP, and PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway may be involved in the regulation mechanism.

Objective: To introduce practical diagnostic criterion of blood stasis syndrome (BSS), and to evaluate its reliability and validity., Methods: By referring to three diagnostic criteria of BSS [practical diagnostic criterion of BSS (criterion A), diagnostic criterion of BSS in 1986 (criterion B), Consensus of Integrative Medicine on BSS Diagnosis in 2011 (criterion C)], 712 patients from different departments of Xiyuan Hospital were recruited. The reliability of criterion A and its consistency with the other two criteria were assessed using Kappa coefficient. A Bayesian approach was also employed to assess the sensitivity and specificity of criterion A., Results: According to the consistency check, criterion A presented good consistency when used by different researchers (the diagnostic accordance rate was 91. 96%, Kappa =0. 82, P <0.001). Meanwhile, there was an acceptable diagnostic consistency among the three diagnostic criteria. Bayesian estimation suggested that criterion A had higher sensitivity but similar specificity, as compared with criterion B or criterion C. Compared with criterion B [the median of sensitivity and specificity were 0. 762 (95% Cl: 0. 731 -0. 790) and 0. 902 (95% Cl: 0. 858 -0. 936) respectively, the median of sensitivity and specificity of criterion A were 0. 911 (95% CI: 0. 888 - 0. 930) and 0. 875 (95% CI: 0. 826 - 0. 915) respectively. Estimating the difference between criterion A and B, the median of sensitivity and specificity were 0. 149 (95% CI: 0. 112 -0.184) and -0. 026 (95% CI:-0. 085 -0. 033) respectively. Compared with criterion C [the median of sensitivity and specificity were 0. 831 (95% Cl: 0. 804 -0. 857) and 0. 892 (95% CI: 0. 848 - 0. 926) respectively], the median of sensitivity and specificity of criterion A were 0. 912 (95% CI: 0. 889 -0. 932) and 0. 880 (95%CI: 0. 833 - 0.919) respectively. Estimating the difference between criterion A and C, the median of sensitivity and specificity were 0. 081 (95% CI: 0.047 - 0.114) and -0.011 (95%CI: -0.070 -0.046) respectively., Conclusion: Compared with criterion B and C, criterion A not only had better reliability, but also could significantly improve the sensitivity without obviously lowering the specificity.

Objective: To investigate the factors influencing platelet transfusion results so as to improve the platelet transfusion efficiency., Methods: According to the clinical symptoms (bleeding condition is stopped or improved)and the corrected count of increment (CCI), the patients were divided into efficient transfusion and inefficient transfusion groups. A total of 20 671 patients' clinical data and main platelet transfusion parameters in 26 045 tranfusions including platelet count of per- and post- transfusion, platelet component sorts, storage time and transfusion number were analysed., Results: The comparison of platelet transfusion efficiency in age and sex between two groups did not showed statistical difference (P > 0.05), the platelet count before transfusion between two groups showed statistical difference (t = -5.59, P < 0.001) after converting to log, a significant linear correlation did not exist between storage time of the platelet and CCI (corrected count of increment), but there was statistical difference in transfusion efficiency of patients with different diseases. The patients with hematologic diseases showed lower efficiency of platelet transfusion. According to the results of Wilcocon test detection, there was difference between different times of transfusion and transfusion efficiency, that is to say, the transfusion frequency was higher, the transfusion efficency was lower. The Fisher test indicated that the transfusion efficiency of single platelet transfusion was lower than that of transfussed platelet with other blood components (P < 0.01)., Conclusion: Platelet transfusion efficiency associates with many factors, including different diseases, whether being transfused with other blood components, the platelet count before transfusion, transfusion frequency, but the time of storage does not relate to the transfusion efficacy.

An on-road experimental research was made on a Chinese phase IV natural gas bus using a Portable Emission Measurement System (PEMS), and particle emission characteristics under different vehicle speed, acceleration and vehicle specific power were investigated. The results show that particle number and mass emission rates increase and their emission factors decrease while the speed of the bus rises. Particle number concentration of different sizes shows multimodal logarithmic distribution pattern when the bus runs on all operation conditions (idle, low speed, medium speed and high speed), and nucleation mode particle account for a large proportion in the total particle number. With the increase of acceleration, particle emission rate rises, and it is lower when the bus runs at constant speed or slow deceleration condition than that at the fast acceleration condition. Furthermore, particle emission rate increases against the absolute value of the vehicle specific power (VSP).

To explore the status of the resources of Astragali Radix, a survey on its germplasm resources was carried out. Some conclusions can be drawn for Astragali Radix: the major source is the cultivated Astragalus mongolicus. The new major cultivation areas for A. mongolicus and A. membranaceus are Shandong and Gansu province. The semi-wildly planting model in Shanxi province maintains the genuine trait of Astragali Radix, but its yield is limited, and now a combination model has been developed. The major problems for Astragali Radix are the selection of planting sites, the rot root and difficulty in collecting and processing. Several developmental proposals for Astragali Radix were put forward including rational distribution of planting areas, establishment of standard system, development and standardization of producing technologies.

Objective: To construct the RNAi targeting tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor (TRAF1) gene, and to explore the effect of interference targeting TRAF1 on the biological behavior of gastric cancer cells., Methods: We detected the expression of TRAF1 in BGC823, SGC7901, and MGC803 gastric cancer cell lines through the real-time PCR and Western blot; then we constructed three pLVXshRNA- TRAF1-shRNAs expression vector targeting TRAF1. When TRAF1 was interfered successfully, we selected the strongest interference efficiency ShRNA by real-time PCR and Western blot. Based on interference targeting TRAF1 on gastric cancer, we tested the cell proliferation activity and apoptosis through MTT assay and flow cytometry, and the cell migration by transwell migration assay., Results: The expression of TRAF1 was increased in BGC823, SGC7901, and MGC803 gastric cancer cell lines compared with gastric epithelial cells (P<0.05), and the highest expression was in BGC823 gastric cell line. In the three TRAF1 shRNAs, the strongest interference efficiency shRNA was pLVX-shRNA-TRAF1-shRNA2. When the gene TRAF1 of BGC823 was interfered, the cell growing power was weakened and the apoptosis rate increased, and the cell migration had no difference., Conclusion: The expression of TRAF1 is up-regulated in gastric cancer cell lines BGC823, SGC7901, and MGC803, and the most obvious one is BGC823. The interference targeting TRAF1 can successfully inhibit the expression of TRAF1 in gastric cancer cell line BGC823. TRAF1 can inhibit the apoptosis of BGC823 cells.

Objective: To study the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal vascular malformation (GIVM) and the potential mechanism of thalidomide in the treatment of gastrointestinal bleeding due to GIVM., Methods: We collected the surgical intestinal specimens from 10 patients who suffered from massive hemorrhage of gastrointestinal tract owning to GIVM and the normal intestinal mucosa around the lesions, as well as normal intestinal mucosa from healthy subjects. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was carried out to investigate the differences of angiopoietin 2 (Ang2), Notch1 and delta like ligand 4 (Dll4) in the above three intestinal mucosa to find the relationship with the pathogenesis of GIVM. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured with 0, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/L thalidomide for 24 or 48 hours to observe their mRNA and protein expressions of Ang2, Notch1, Dll4 by real-time PCR and Western blot., Results: By IHC staining, more expressions of Ang2, Notch1 and Dll4 in the lesions were detected than those in the normal intestinal mucosa around the lesions and the normal intestinal mucosa in healthy people. The expressions of Ang2, Notch1 and Dll4 were significantly correlated (P = 0.016, r = 0.732), and the expressions of Notch1 and Dll4 were absolutely correlated (P = 0.000, r = 1.000). Real-time PCR and Western blot showed that thalidomide could down-regulate the expressions of them, which were in a concentration-dependent manner., Conclusion: Ang2, Notch1 and Dll4 may correlate with the pathogenesis of GIVM, while thalidomide can concentration-dependently down-regulate the expression of Ang2, Notch1 and Dll4, which may be one of the mechanism that thalidomide play a therapeutic role in GIVM.

This study is undertaken to modify the chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs) with wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), and investigate the conjugation between WGA-CS-NPs and N-acetylglucosamine (NAG). CS-NPs were prepared by ionotropic gelation process and then conjugated with WGA under the activation of glutaricdialdehyde. The mean diameter of the CS-NPs was approximately 113.5 nm and the poly-dispersity index (PDI) was 0.18. The binding yield of WGA to CS-NPs was comprised between 27.8% and 87.9% depending mostly on the addition of 0.3% (w/v) glutaraldehyde solution. A competitive inhibition experiment of WGA-CS-NPs to bovine submaxillary gland mucin (BSM) was taken to illuminate the binding activity of WGA-CS-NPs to the sugar of N-acetylglucosamine. After the addition of NAG, the binding rates between CS-NPs and BSM almost didn't change, while the binding rates between WGA-CS-NPs and BSM dropped down significantly, which confirmed the specific binding characteristics of WGA to NAG.

Objective: Concerns have been raised over x-ray radiation dose associated with repeated computed tomography (CT) scans for tumor surveillance and radiotherapy planning. In this paper, we present a low-dose CT image reconstruction method for improving low-dose CT image quality. The method proposed exploited rich redundancy information from previous normal-dose scan image for optimizing the non-local weights construction in the original non-local means (NLM)-based low-dose image reconstruction. The objective 3D low-dose volume and the previous 3D normal-dose volume were first registered to reduce the anatomic structural dissimilarity between the two datasets, and the optimized non-local weights were constructed based on the registered normal-dose volume. To increase the efficiency of this method, GPU was utilized to accelerate the implementation. The experimental results showed that this method obviously improved the image quality, as compared with the original NLM method, by suppressing the noise-induced artifacts and preserving the edge information.

A method for the simultaneous determination of aristolochic acids A and B in some Chinese herbals and traditional Chinese patent medicines by ultra high performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) was developed. Fourteen samples, including Radix Bupleuri, Radix Glycyrrhizae, Radix Platycodonis, Longdanxieganwan, Xiaopangwan, Slimming Tea, etc., were extracted with methanol-water (70: 30, v/v) and purified with Oasis MAX solid-phase extraction cartridges, then analyzed on an Eclipse RP HD C18 column (150 mm x 2.1 mm, 1.8 microm) using 5 mmol/L ammonium acetate solution (pH 7.5)-acetonitrile (75: 25, v/v) as the mobile phase. The mass spectrometric acquisition was carried out by means of electrospray ionization in positive mode (ESI+) with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) method. The good linearities (r2 > 0.995) were achieved within the ranges of 0.5 - 200 microg/L and 1 - 200 microg/L for aristolochic acids A and B, respectively. The limits of detection (LODs) were 5 microg/kg for aristolochic A and 7.5 microg/kg for aristolochic B, and the limits of quantification (LOQs) were 12.5 microg/kg and 25 microg/kg, respectively. The recoveries of aristolochic acids A and B at the spiked levels of 100 microg/kg and 500 microg/kg ranged from 60.3% to 96.4% with the relative standard deviations (RSDs) not more than 10.2%. The results demonstrated that the proposed method is efficient, sensitive, reproducible, reliable and suitable for the trace determination of aristolochic acids A and B in Chinese herbals and traditional Chinese patent medicines.

A 2-year (2008-2010) field experiment was conducted to study the effects of basal dressing nitrogen, topdressing nitrogen, and ridge film furrow planting on the 0-2 m soil moisture status and the grain yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat in rain-fed area of South Shanxi Province. In all treatments, the soil moisture status during winter wheat growth period had the same change trend, being increased steadily from pre-sowing to revival stage and decreased sharply from revival stage to heading stage, and then increased gradually till maturity stage. From revival stage to heading stage, the soil water consumption was the most. Increasing nitrogen basal application rate or topdressing nitrogen increased the soil water consumption, widened the soil moisture active layer, and deepened the relatively stable layer. Topdressing nitrogen increased grain yield significantly; ridge film furrow planting decreased soil water consumption obviously. The water use efficiency under ridge film furrow planting was 23.4% and 39.1% higher than that under conventional planting system in 2009 and 2010 (P < 0.01). The grain yield under ridge film furrow planting plus top-dressing nitrogen was 3643 kg x hm(-2), which was significantly higher than that under single ridge film furrow planting or topdressing nitrogen, displaying a preferable water-fertilizer coupling effect.

For accurate segmentation of the magnetic resonance (MR) images of meningioma, we propose a novel interactive segmentation method based on graph cuts. The high dimensional image features was extracted, and for each pixel, the probabilities of its origin, either the tumor or the background regions, were estimated by exploiting the weighted K-nearest neighborhood classifier. Based on these probabilities, a new energy function was proposed. Finally, a graph cut optimal framework was used for the solution of the energy function. The proposed method was evaluated by application in the segmentation of MR images of meningioma, and the results showed that the method significantly improved the segmentation accuracy compared with the gray level information-based graph cut method.

A new method was established for the determination of 15 industrial synthetic dyes in condiment by solid phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatography (SPE-HPLC). The samples were extracted by methanol-water (1:1, v/v) and purified by a solid phase extraction column. Then, the chromatographic separation was achieved on a Luna C18 column by linear gradient elution. The mobile phase was 10 mmol/L ammonium acetate-acetonitrile (containing 1% acetic acid). The results showed that the 15 industrial synthetic dyes can be separated efficiently. The recoveries of the 15 industrial synthetic dyes spiked in condiment were between 84.6% and 114.2% with the relative standard deviations of 0.9% - 10.3%. The limits of detection of this method was 0.05 - 0.18 mg/kg for the 15 industrial synthetic dyes. The method is simple, sensitive, accurate, repeatable and can be used for simultaneous determination of the 15 illegally added industrial synthetic dyes.

Objective: Based on suspected pulmonary nodule segmentation images obtained previously and with a large-sample training, automatic detection and diagnosis of the pulmonary nodules on CT images was realized by extracting the multi-dimensional features of the pulmonary nodule images and the application of LDA and SVM statistical classifiers. Experimental results showed that this detection and diagnosis method produced better classification results, and is practical for application in CAD systems.

Based on the fact that nonlocal means (NL-means) filtered image can likely produce an acceptable priori solution, we propose a sparse angular CT projection onto convex set (POCS) reconstruction using NL-means iterative modification. The new reconstruction scheme consists of two components, POCS and NL-means filter. In each phase of the sparse angular CT iterative reconstruction, we first used POCS algorithm to meet the identity and non-negativity of projection data, and then performed NL-means filter to the image obtained by POCS method for image quality improvement. Simulation experiments showed that the proposed POCS scheme can significantly improve the quality of sparse angular CT image by suppressing the noise and removing the streak-artifacts.

For medical image volume rendering, it is very difficult to simultaneously visualize interior and exterior structures while preserving clear shape cues. Highly transparent transfer functions produce cluttered images with many overlapping structures, while clipping techniques completely remove possibly important contextual information. To address this issue, A gradient adaptive shading based illumination model is proposed and implemented in CUDA architecture. The coefficients of ambient, diffuse and specular lighting are tuned adaptively according to gradient. The experiments show that our method is capable of preserving 3-D contextual information in medical image dataset while still show clear boundaries with real-time interactive speed.

This study is to prepare scopolamine hydrobromide nanoparticles-in-microsphere system (SH-NiMS) and evaluate its drug release characteristics in vitro. SH nanoparticles were prepared by ionic crosslinking method with tripolyphosphate (TPP) as crosslinker and chitosan as carrier. Orthogonal design was used to optimize the formulation of SH nanoparticles, which took the property of encapsulation efficiency and drug loading as evaluation parameters. With HPMC as carrier, adjusted the parameters of spray drying technique and sprayed the SH nanoparticles in microspheres encaposulated by HPMC was formed and which is called nanoparticles-in-microsphere system (NiMS). SH-NiMS appearances were observed by SEM, structure was obsearved by FT-IR and the release characteristics in vitro were evaluated. The optimized formulation of SH nanoparticles was TPP/CS 1:3 (w/w), HPMC 0.3%, SH 0.2%. The solution peristaltic speed of the spray drying technique was adjusted to 15%, and the temperature of inlet was 110 degrees C. The encapsulation product yeild, drug loading and particle sizes of SH-NiMS were 94.2%, 20.4%, and 1256.5 nm, respectively. The appearances and the structure of SH-NiMS were good. The preparation method of SH-NiMS is stable and reliable to use, which provide a new way to develop new dosage form.

This study was aimed to establish the technique for preparation and storage of internal quality control pro-ducts by using existing blood sample resources of blood transfusion compatibility testing laboratory. 24 healthy blood donors with group A and RhD-positive were randomly selected, and 4 ml venous blood from these donors were collected, respectively. Based on the use of anticoagulant type, whether to add red blood cell preservation solution and the samples stored at room temperature for 1 or 2 hours daily, 24 specimens were randomly divided into 8 groups by using factorial design methodology. All samples in tube with cap were stored at 4 degrees C, and placed at room temperature for 1 or 2 hours daily. ABO, RhD blood group (recorded on the agglutination strength of the forward and reverse typing), IgM anti-B antibody titer, and free hemoglobin concentration in the supernatant for all samples were detected at 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 days of products preservation. The results indicated that the red blood cell damage from the group used anticoagulants ACD-B and added the MAP red blood cell preservation solution and placed at room temperature 1 hour daily (recorded as A2B2C1 group) was kept minimal, and FHb concentration and FHb increments at each time point were the lowest (p < 0.01), the FHb concentration on 35th day was only (24.5 +/- 84.5) mg/L. There was no significant change of A antigen, D antigen and IgM anti-B antibody response activity and stability in A2B2C1 group during storage for 35 days (p > 0.05). In conclusion, blood transfusion compatibility testing laboratory can use A2B2C1 program established by this study to prepare relatively stable modified whole blood internal quality control products in the existing conditions, which can be effectively preserved and meet the requirements of internal quality control for blood transfusion compatibility testing.

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of leukocyte depletion by filtration on the quality of apheresis platelets. 20 units of donor apheresis platelets were randomly selected and were preserved with agitation at 20 - 24 degrees C for 24 - 96 hours, then were filtered on polyester flatbed filters. The platelet concentration, mean platelet volume (MPV), volume of apheresis platelets, leukocyte count, pH value, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) concentration, K(+) concentration and CD62p expression level on surface of platelet membrane, were detected before and after filtration, as well as the rate of leukocyte depletion and platelet loss were calculated. The results showed that the leukocyte count after filtration was remarkably lower than that before filtration (p < 0.001), and the rate of leukocyte depletion was 99.97%. Platelet loss was approximately 8%, and obviously lower than that of the national standard (p < 0.001). MPV, pH value, K(+) and LDH concentration were not significantly different before and after filtration. Compared with platelets before filtration, CD62p expression level after filtration slightly decreased (p > 0.05). CD62p expression on surface of platelet membrane in perfusion fluid obtained from filter plate was obviously higher than that before filtration (p < 0.05). MA of platelet after filtration slightly decreased (p > 0.05). It is concluded that leukocyte and partial activated platelets can be removed efficiently by using polyester flatbed filters, and platelet loss is very low. Filtration does not adversely affect coagulation activity of the platelets in vitro. Apheresis platelets after filtration can fulfil quality requirements to prevent infection of cytomegalovirus and HLA alloimmunization.