Search

In order to efficiently enrich wheat germ polypeptide, microwave combined with metal ions were used to treat wheat germ, and the effects of microwave power, microwave time, ZnSO4 concentration, MnSO4 concentration, and CaCl2 concentration on wheat germ peptide content and protease activity were investigated. The process parameters were optimized by orthogonal experiment on the basis of single factor. The results showed that under the conditions of microwave power 400 W, microwave time 10 s, ZnSO4 concentration 1.0 mmol/L, MnSO4 concentration 1.6 mmol/L and CaCl2 concentration 1.4 mmol/L, the polypeptide content in wheat germ could reach 228.85 mg/g, and the protease activity increased to 2268.40 U/g. Microwave combined with metal ions can significantly promote the enrichment of peptides in wheat germ.

Oil pipelines are characterized with long mileage, high risk of transportation medium and complex hydrogeological conditions. Once oil leaking occurs in environmentally sensitive areas, serious environmental pollution may be caused. Taking a high consequence area of an environment as example, a conceptual model, a water flow model and a solute transport model were established on the base of Visual-Modflow software to simulate the migration and diffusion law of petroleum hydrocarbon in groundwater under the situation of oil pipeline leakage. The state of groundwater was early warned with the improved Nemero comprehensive pollution index method, and the early-warning level of different wells was determined according to the relationship between the change rate of water quality and the early-warning level. As indicated in the results, evaluation on early warning of the pollution risk of groundwater in case that leakage occurs to an oil pipeline, could effectively pre-warn the leakage of oil and predict the diffusion trend of the leaked oil of the pipeline.

Network data collection and storage are fundamental for intelligent routing control,providing massive flow data for model training and decision-making.However,as the key device in network storage system,switches have very limited memory size and design flexibility,which can’t satisfy the needs of intelligent routing control for comprehensive high-precision data and lightweight storage system,thus reducing the effectiveness of intelligent routing control.A multi-stage hashing network storage structure (MHNSS) was proposed for intelligent routing control,which fully utilized the limited memory resource of switch and completed network data storage with low collision rate.The number of candidate buckets of the flow key was augmented by multi-stage hash table,thus reducing collision rate and improving memory load ratio.Hash collision was resolved via coarse-grained timestamp LRU algorithm,which always stored most recently used data and cleared least recently used data to avoid subsequent collisions as far as possible.Trace-driven experiments showed that compared with widely used single hash table,MHNSS had significant performance advantage in collision rate and load ratio.

Objective A method for the determination of 214 pesticide residues in green vegetables by QuEChERS using ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry was established. Methods After extracted by acetonitrile, the green vegetables were cleaned-up by a mixed sorbent with primary secondary amine (PSA), C18, Na2SO4 and graphitized carbon black (GCB). The target compounds were separated by Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 column (2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.7 μm) using 5 mmol/L ammonium formate solution (0.1% formic acid) and acetonitrile as mobile phase by gradient elution, and analyzed in positive electrospray ionization mode by time of flight mass spectrometry scan-information dependent acquisition (IDA) -product ion scan. Results All the 214 pesticides showed good linear relationships in the range of 4-1 000 ng/L, and the correlation coefficients (r2) were higher than 0.99. The recoveries at three different spiked levels for all target compounds in blank matrices were 41.9%-128.5%, and the relative standard deviations (RSD) were 0.4%-14.3% (n=6). The limits of detection and quantitation of the method were 0.004-5.443 and 0.206-18.125 μg/kg, respectively. Eight pesticide residues were detected in the real samples. Conclusion The method was suitable for rapid screening and analysis of pesticide residues in green vegetables with the advantages of accuracy, rapidity, simplicity, high sensitivity and high throughput.

With the continuous development and extension of 95598 business,the intensity of manual telephone traffic increases.In order to further deepen the consciousness and understanding of the hidden features and the demands of the customers,improve the customer service level of 95598,the typical application scenarios in the customer service such as the tendency of the complaint were refined.Based on the data of power service orders,the key index of modeling was selected.Through entropy weight method,principal component analysis and decision tree and other data mining algorithms,potential complaint propensity customers and planned blackout sensitive customers in order to carry out targeted service resource scheduling were identified,fully do a good job of response measures,effectively reduce complaint pressure and improve service accuracy.

Objective: To observe the effect of acne-eliminating cream on acne in a rabbit ear acne model. Methods: Thirty New Zealand rabbits of both genders were divided into normal control group, acne model group, high and low dose of acne-eliminating cream group, tretinoin cream group. Except 3 rabbits in normal control group, ears of the rest rabbits were treated topically with coal tar for 2 weeks to establish acne model. Afterwards vehicle, acne cream (high and low dose), and 0.1% tretinoin cream were applied to respective group of rabbit ears daily for 3 weeks. Ear samples were taken 24 hours after the last topical treatment, followed by fixation in 10% formaldehyde and hematoxylin-eosin staining. Histopathological changes were assessed and photographed under a microscope. Results: In comparison to untreated acne ears, high dose of acne-eliminating cream markedly reduced the intensity of ear reactions to coal tar (t=2.62, P0.05 vs. untreated acne ears). High dose of acne-eliminating cream and tretinoin cream exerted comparable efficacy in reduction of intensity of ear reactions to coal tar and improvements in histopathology (t=0.06, P>0.05 for reduction of intensity;χ2=0.34, P>0.05 for histopathology). Conclusion: High dose of acne-eliminating cream can significantly improve the acne in coal tar-induced rabbit ear acne model.

Compared with traditional spur dike, permeable spur dike have more excellent stability, safety and reliability, so they have been valued in the promotion of green channels. The purpose of this study is to compare the changes of three-dimensional flow structure in different curvature channels, and then provide basis for river regulation with different curvature. The research uses a combination of numerical simulation and actual measurement to compare, select and verify three turbulence models: Standard k-ε, RNG k-ε, and Realizable k-ε. The correlation coefficients between simulated velocity and measured velocity in the inner bank of Standard k-ε, RNG k-ε, and Realizable k-ε turbulence models are lower than those in the outer bank. The correlation coefficients between measured velocity and simulated velocity in RNG k-ε turbulence model are the highest. Finally, RNG k-ε turbulence model is used to simulate the 90° and 180° bend, and to analyze the three-dimensional streamline, velocity, bed shear and water surface line. The results show that the vortex axis in the downstream region of the spur dikes inclines to different degrees under the influence of vertical and radial velocity gradients. Two vortices in opposite directions are generated between the spur dikes when the current strikes No.2 spur dikes, which will threaten the structural stability of the permeable spur dikes, but at the same time prevent a large amount of sediment from depositing between the permeable spur dikes and ensure that the permeable spur dikes will not lose their permeability during use. The increase of river curvature leads to the migration of strong shear layer to the inner bank, and two strong shear layers appear in the 180° bend, which will lead to the evolution of river bed to step type. For the mountain river with large curvature and narrowness, the erosion effect of inner bank should be evaluated after arranging permeable spur dike to prevent the migration of strong shear layer from posing threat to inner bank. The water surface line is low inside and high outside, and in the range of x/L=0.48-0.5, the difference between the water surface line inside and outside is the smallest, and the water surface appears concave. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The stability of compressor operation has an inducing and amplifying effect on the stability and performance of the entire engine. Therefore, it is required that the flow margin of the compressor should be wider to adapt to the working stability of the engine under variable operating conditions. A new blade structure with micro pits distributed on the suction surface of the mainstream blade is proposed based on "Golf ball effect". The flow of a certain type of centrifugal compressor impeller is numerically simulated by using the CFX fluid dynamics software to study the effect of adding micro pits on the performance of flow separation structure and flow margin at different parts of the suction surface of the blade. Study the effect of adding micro pit structures with radii of 0.25~0.30 mm at different parts of the blade suction surface on structural performance and flow margin. The results show that adding micro pits at the leading and trailing edges of the mainstream blade suction surface can improve the flow margin. When the radius of the micro pits is 0.3 mm, the flow margin effect is the best, which are increased by 3.01% and 3.15% respectively. The use of new structural blades can increase the compressor flow margin, and provide a reference for the design of centrifugal compressor impellers.

【Background】 The use of agrichemicals in agricultural production could lead to environmental pollution and result in the chemicals entering the food chain. However, how irrigation affects dissemination and transfer of agrochemicals in soil-plant system is poorly understood. 【Objective】 The aim of this paper is to understand how irrigation and herbicide Nicosulfuron-Atrazine combine to affect maize growth and residue of the herbicide in the maize grains. 【Method】 The experiments were conducted in lysimeters at Hetao Irrigation District; it compared three herbicide applications: 0 (W2P0), 1.31 L/hm2(W2P1) and 1.69 L/hm2 (W2P2), and three irrigation amounts: 80% (W1P2), 100% (W2P2) and 120% (W3P2) of evapotranspiration (ET). For each treatment, we measured growth traits of the maize and herbicide residue in the grains after harvesting. 【Result】 When irrigation amount was W2P2, applying herbicide temporarily reduced the relative chlorophyll content (SPAD) in the leaves, but it recovered after nine days. W2P2 reduced 100-grain mass, dried biomass and maize yield by 1.2%, 3.8% and 1.7% (p>0.05) respectively, compared with W2P0, while compared to W1P2, it increased these traits by 5.0%, 35.1% and 19.0% (pW2P0>W2P1. Without applying herbicide, the WUE of different irrigation amounts was ranked in the order of W2P2>W1P2>W3P2, with WUE in W2P2 significantly higher than that in W1P2 and W3P2 (p

[Objective]The morphology and size of pollen were observed to provide references for further study on the genetic evolution of wild litchi, semi-wild litchi and litchi cultivars. [Method]The pollen morphology of wild litchi, semiwild litchi and litchi cultivar was observed using optical microscope and scanning electron microscope to calculate length rate(P/E) of polar axis and equatorial axis and internal differences (standard deviation). [results] There were some common features to be found in wild litchi, semi-wild litchi and litchi cultivars, as follows. The pollen grain was elliptic or suborbicular in equatorial view, obtuse triangular in polar view, tricolporate, and had tricolporate separation in polar surface. The pollen P/E of wild litchi was significantly greater than that of semi-wild litchi and litchi cultivars (P<0.05). There was no significant difference to be found between the pollen P/E of semi-wild litchi and litchi cultivars (P>0.05). There was extremely significant negative correlation between pollen P/E and fruit weight of Litchi cultivars (P<0.01), their equation was as y=-74.553x+82.004. [Conclusion] According to P/E of litchi pollen speculation, it is speculated that litchi cultivars of Guangxi are developed from the wild litchi and semi-wild litchi. Therefore the pollen morphology is not suitable to be taken as main basis for distinguishing them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The maximum load of wing and fuselage increases sharply while flapping-wing micro air vehicles(FWMAVS) flutters at high frequencies, which seriously affect the flight performance and flight life. The mathematical models of wing lift, drag and inertial forces during the FWMAVs fluttering are established, based on the analysis of movement and force conditions of the wing. A multi-objective optimization model targeting at improving the distribution of loads in the time domain is then proposed and solved by using NSGA-Ⅱ algorithm in Matlab environment. After all the work, the Pareto optimal solution set of the hovering state is obtained. Comparison and analysis of the data show that after the optimization, the peaks of lift and inertial forces decline significantly and the load distribution is obviously improved.

The trade of high-tech products is of importance to both China and the United States. Discussing the current situation of the trade, the model of normal market share was used to analyze empirically the causes of the growing Sino-America trade of high-tech products. The results revealed that the upgrading competitiveness was the main cause of the export growth from China to America, and the cause of import growth from America to China lay in the joint effect of upgrading competitiveness and growing demand. However, the growth rates of the trade of different products were obviously not the same due to different causes. Thus, such a growth was facing many uncertainties. China should take valid strategic measures to promote the trade of high-tech products between the two countries sustainably and soundly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aggregation is an important trait of the financial services nowadays. The principle of Spatial Economics was introduced into measuring and analyzing the geographic aggregation of China's financial services, and the results showed that China's financial services are not aggregating but diffusing. The relationship between geographic aggregation of financial services and economic growth was tested via co-integration and error correction model. As s result, the financial services and economic growth are in a mutually supporting relationship in China especially its eastern region. However, in China's middle and western regions, though the financial services stimulate the long-term local economy growth, the growth has no obvious effect on the development of financial services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on the veterinary study of Wu Jie-ge and colleagues which determined the effects of inhibin gene immunization on Jingbai hens egg layers. It states that the egg production was examined after immunization to analyze its follicular development and increase in antibody against inhibin after booster. The results indicated that the inhibin gene immunization can stimulate the Jingbai hens to produce the antibody against inhibin to promote egg production.

Objective To study the efficacy of submucosal injection of dexamethasone in analgesia and detumescence after incremental bone implantation, and to analyze the related factors of pain and swelling after incremental bone implantation. Methods Patients with dentition defect requiring bone increment(GBR or internal maxillary sinus lift)were collected from the Special Clinic of the Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January 2023 to December 2023. Pain and swelling within 72 hours after surgery were measured and recorded, as well as possible influencing factors, including gender, age, number of implants, duration of surgery, and other factors. Oral health status, pre-FAC tension and PSQ pain sensitivity were compared between the two groups at different time. Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression analysis were performed for the possible influencing factors. Results Patients receiving dexamethasone intervention had significantly lower pain levels at 12 hours and significantly lower swelling scores at 48 hours. Correlation analysis and regression analysis showed that GBR had a significant effect on postoperative pain and swelling(r=0.348, P=0.030/r=0.441, P=0.005), and the linear regression model of pain degree was also statistically significant(R2=0.126, P=0.030). Conclusion Submucosal injection of dexamethasone can significantly relieve the pain, swelling and discomfort of patients after incremental bone implantation, and improve the comfort of diagnosis and treatment.

With the popularization and promotion of information technology, healthcare big data is growing exponentially, and clinical real-world research based on healthcare big data is receiving increasing attention. The hospital electronic medical record (EMR) records the whole process of diagnosis and treatment of patients in the "real-world", and is one of the most supportive data sources for clinical decision-making. However, the existence of a large number of unstructured text data in EMR data increases the difficulty of data processing and restricts the development of research based on EMR data. Advanced methods such as information technology and artificial intelligence need to be applied to the processing of unstructured EMR data to accelerate the transformation of data value. This paper summarizes the current common methods of unstructured medical data processing, including methods based on dictionaries and rules, methods based on traditional machine learning and deep learning, and methods based on cognitive models represented by ontology, and also discusses the problems of standardization and transparent reporting when processing unstructured EMR data and looks forward to the relevant development.

The real-world data comes from the real medical environment, which can reflect the med-ical process and the patient's health status under real clinical conditions, and can be used as an important source of evidence and knowledge. As a semantic network, knowledge map can be used to organize, pre-sent and reason medical knowledge. The combination of real-world data and knowledge map can better supplement, display and use medical knowledge. At present, using real-world data to build a medical knowledge map or using real-world data to complete the medical knowledge map are the main ways of combining the two applications. When carrying out the application research on the combination of re-al-world data and medical knowledge map, attention should be paid to the issues about the multidiscipli-nary team collaboration, patient privacy protection and data standardization.

Common computing environment is a new generation of naval ship operation system integration environment, which has the advantages of unified architecture, resource sharing, scalability and so on. It is the development direction of future naval ship electronic equipment. The essence of public computing environment is cloud environment. The completion time and load balancing of task scheduling have an important impact on the overall performance of public computing environment. Aiming at optimizing the completion time and load balancing, a task scheduling algorithm based on improved ant colony optimization algorithm is designed to solve the two main problems, and the load correction coefficient is proposed. Then the fast non-dominated sorting method in non-dominated Genetic Algorithms-Ⅱ (NSGA-Ⅱ) is combined to perform multi-objective optimization, and the Pareto front of the optimal solution is generated. CloudSim platform is used for simulation. The experimental results show that the proposed ant colony optimization for completion time and load balancing (TL-ACO) has better performance than NSGA-Ⅱ in terms of load balancing and completion time goals.

As a classical data mining technique,clustering is widely used in fields as pattern recognition,machine learning,artificial intelligence,and so on.By effective clustering analysis,the underlying structures of datasets can be identified.As a commonly used partitional clustering algorithm,K-means is simple of implementation and efficient on classifying large scale datasets.However,due to the influence of the convergence rule,the traditional K-means is still suffering problems as sensitive to the initial clustering centers,cannot properly process non-convex distributed datasets and datasets with outliers.This paper proposes the DC-Kmeans (density parameter and center replacement K-means),an improved K-means algorithm based on the density parameter and center replacement.Due to the gradually selecting of initial clustering centers and continuously update imprecision old centers,the DC-Kmeans is more accurate than the traditional K-means.Two novel methods are also proposed for optimally clustering:1)a novel clustering validity index (CVI),SCVI (Sum of the inner-cluster compactness and the inter-cluster separateness based CVI),is proposed to evaluate the results of the DC-Kmeans;2)a new algorithm,OCNS (optimal clustering number determination based on SCVI),is designed to determine the optimal clustering numbers for different datasets.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed clustering method is effective for many kinds of datasets.

Objective To compare the clinical effect on dental implant with minimally invasive flapless surgery of immediate implantation in maxillary anterior zone.Methods Sixty patients were divided into observation group and control group. The observation group was given with flapless surgery during immediate implant, the control group used traditional flap surgery immediate implant. The patients were followed up 3, 6, 12 months and compared the pink aesthetic index、alveolar bone absorption level and the satisfaction index.Results The pink aesthetic index was significantly higher than that in control group in 3, 6 and 12 month (P

Most of the existing erasure-correcting codes were limited by encoding/decoding complexities and encoded data size.They were not suitable for use in the real-time applications that orient bulk data based on blocks or packages.Therefore,a novel inter-block 4-erasure-correcting coding scheme for real-time bulk data transfer was presented.Based on single parity-check codes incorporated with the features of GF(2＜sup＞8＜/sup＞)field in finite field,the present coding scheme could tolerate simultaneous failures of four blocks with only four redundancy blocks for a group of continuous data.Meanwhile,its encoding/decoding complexities had linear relationship with respect to the size of data blocks and it supported arbitrary size of data.Furthermore,it was proved to have MDS property,thus achieving optimal erasure-correcting capability with the same redundancy information.Theoretical and experimental analysis showed that the present coding scheme could code with 27 continuous data blocks at most.

Objective To study the correlation of B-type natriuretic peptide(BNP)level with hemodynamic parameters and inflammatory cytokines in patients with Gram-negative sepsis,and further determine the main factors for the significant increase of BNP level. Methods The prospective study method was applied,and septic patients infected with Gram-negative bacteria from May 2017 to October 2019 were enrolled.The patients were divided into the BNP<2400 ng/L group and the BNP≥2400 ng/L group by taking the average value of BNP as the dividing point.The independent predictors of BNP≥2400 ng/L were analyzed by Logistic regression.Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between BNP and various indicators. Results A total of 106 patients with Gram-negative sepsis were included,among which 60 cases present with higher serum BNP levels than the average of(2398.45 ± 421.45)ng/L.Thus BNP≥2400 ng/L was considered as a significantly increased BNP level.Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that cardiac index(CI)[odds ratio ( OR )=0.428,95% confidence interval (95% CI )=0.743-0.965, P =0.011],left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) ( OR =0.394,95% CI =0.182-0.549, P =0.013),lactic acid ( OR =1.983,95% CI =1.264-3.420, P =0.023),endotoxin ( OR =6.146,95% CI =4.091-8.226, P =0.001),procalcitonin(PCT) ( OR =6.513,95% CI =4.365-8.210, P =0.005) and cardiac troponin I(cTnI) ( OR =1.144,95% CI =1.001-2.150, P =0.047) were independent predictors of BNP≥2400 ng/L in patients with Gram-negative sepsis.Pearson correlation analysis showed that BNP was negatively correlated with CI( R =-0.514, P <0.001)and LVEF ( R =-0.552, P <0.001),whereas positively correlated with lactic acid ( R =0.265, P =0.032),cTnI ( R =0.204, P =0.036),PCT( R =0.801, P <0.001),and endotoxin( R =0.765, P <0.001). Conclusions In septic patients with Gram-negative bacterial infection,LVEF,CI,lactic acid,cTnI,endotoxin and PCT are all independent risk factors for the significant increase of BNP,and endotoxin and PCT were more significantly correlated with BNP increase.Endotoxin and inflammatory reaction may be the more important stimulators of BNP increase in septic patients with Gram-negative bacterial infection.

This paper introduces the application and financing of programs of efficacy material base of traditional Chinese medicine funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC), the Youth Science Fund and the Regional Science Fund from 2016 to 2019, and conducts analysis and summary in terms of research objects and analysis methods, with the aim to provide reference for applicants for programs of efficacy material base of traditional Chinese medicine.

Objective: To explore the dynamic changes of human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 E 5 gene in the development of cervical cancer and the significance of E 5 mRNA in early screening of cervical cancer., Methods: Paraffin specimens of cervical lesions were collected from 49 cases (HPV positive) during September 2015 to December 2017 According to the standard of FIGO, all cervical lesions were diagnosed as: 13 cases of cervicitis, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia disorders (CIN) Ⅰ in 5 cases, CIN Ⅱ in 18 cases, CIN Ⅲ in 5 cases, 8 cases of cervical cancer. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect the integrity of E 5 gene and the mRNA expression levels of E 5, E 6 and E 7in cervical tissues., Results: All the 49 cases showed positive HPV16 infection. E 5 genetic integrity in CINⅠwas higher than that in cervical inflammation, CIN Ⅱand cervical cancer ( P < 0.05), which was also higher than that in CIN Ⅲ, but without statistically significance ( P >0.05). The mRNA levels of E 5, E 6, E 7 were the highest in CIN Ⅲ. Compared with E 6 and E 7, E 5 presented superior expression in all types of cervical lesions ( P < 0.05), while E 6and E 7 mRNA expressions only increased in CIN Ⅲ and cervical cancer., Conclusion: In the patients with HPV16 infection, the integrity of E 5 gene in cervical tissues may be related to the occurrence and development of cervical diseases. E 5 gene is expected to be the target gene for early screening of cervical cancer., (Copyright© by Editorial Board of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Science Edition).)

Through summarizing the applications and funding for research related to ethnomedicine and ethnopharmacology in the department of Health Sciences of the National Natural Science Foundation of China( NSFC) from 1986 to 2018,and analyzing the categories,numbers,funds and research contents of all funded projects including Mongolian,Uygur,Tibetan,Zhuang,Miao,the study is aimed to provide certain reference for the declaration of ethnic medicine project. The results showed that the national medicine project application numbers and the amount of funding growth after 2011 have increased significantly,but the overall level of research remained to be further promoted,and the lack of suitable for the study of ethnic medicine features and ways,has yet to mainland medical universities and research institutions to give more attention and jointly promote the development of basic research in the field of ethnic medicine.

Objective: To assess the influence of glycolytic pathway on the proportion and numbers of regulatory T cells during Schistosoma japonicum infection., Methods: A S. japonicum -infected mouse model was established, and C57/BL6 male mice infected with S. japonicum were subjected to intraperitoneal injections of with the glycolytic inhibitor 2-Deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) or PBS for 6 times, and then the cells from spleen or mesenteric lymph nodes (LNs) were isolated and analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM) to detect the percentage of Glut1 + CD4 + T cells and Treg cells., Results: The proportions of Glut1 + CD4 + T cells in the spleen (43.58%±2.50% vs. 21.15%±0.96%; t = 8.834, P < 0.01) and mesenteric LNs (38.97%±1.97% vs. 28.40%±2.11%; t = 3.662, P < 0.05) were higher in the normal mice than those in the infected mice, and the percentages of Treg cells in the spleen (6.83%±0.21% vs. 13.30%±0.35%; t = 15.65, P < 0.01) and LNs (8.26%±0.15% vs. 14.37%±0.44%; t = 13.14, P < 0.01) were lower in the normal mice than those in the infected mice. In addition, the proportions of Treg cells in the spleen (15.50%±0.76% vs. 13.07%±0.15%; t = 3.130, P < 0.05) and LNs (17.00% ±0.41% vs. 13.83%±0.18%; t = 6.947, P < 0.01) were higher in the infected mice injected intraperitoneally with 2DG than those in the infected mice injected intraperitoneally with PBS., Conclusions: Glycolytic pathway inhibits Treg differentiation in the spleen and mesenteric LNs of S. japonicum -infected mice.

Objective: To investigate the role of TIGIT signal in Th1/Th2 balance in the process of Schistosoma japonicum infection., Methods: Male C57BL/6 mice were infected with cercariae of S. japonicum , and normal uninfected mice served as the controls. The percentages of TIGIT + cells, Ki67 + CD3 + CD4 + TIGIT + cells, Ki67 + CD3 + CD4 + TIGIT - cells, IFN-γ + CD3 + CD4 + TIGIT + cells, IFN-γ + CD3 + CD4 + TIGIT - cells, IL-4 + CD3 + CD4 + TIGIT + cells and IL-4 + CD3 + CD4 + TIGIT - cells were evaluated in mouse spleen by flow cytometry., Results: The proportion of TIGIT + CD4 + T cells was higher in the spleen of S. japonicum -infected mice than in the normal uninfected mice (29.30%±0.70% vs. 3.09%±0.50%; t = 8.834, P < 0.01) . However, no significant difference in the percentages of TIGIT + CD8 + T cells between the infection group and normal controls (3.61%±0.26% vs. 3.58%±0.16%; t = 0.108, P > 0.05), and no significant difference was detected in the percentages of TIGIT + cells in non-T cells between the infection group and controls (1.86%±0.19% vs.1.37%±0.17%; t = 1.931, P > 0.05) . In addition, the proportion of Ki67 in the TIGIT + cells was higher than that in the TIGIT - cells (17.03%±0.64% vs. 6.59%±0.37%; t = 14.09, P < 0.01) . The Th2/Th1 ratio was higher in the TIGIT + CD4 + T cells than in the TIGIT - CD4 + T cells (39.28%±3.75% vs. 11.79%±1.64%; t = 6.721, P < 0.01) ., Conclusions: The TIGIT signaling may be involved in the development of Th2 responses in the mice infected with S. japonicum .

Objective: To explore the possible mechanisms by which Schistosoma japonicum heat shock protein 60 (SjH-SP60) enhances CD4 + CD25 + regulatory T cell (Treg) immunosuppressive function., Methods: An in vitro method was used to investigate the effect of SjHSP60 on Treg immunosuppressive activity. Co-cultures in transwells and in vitro suppression assay were performed to investigate how SjHSP60 enhanced the immunosuppressive function of Tregs. Intracellular cytokine staining combined with flow cytometry was used to detect Treg-expressing IL-10 and TGF-β, and flow cytometry was also used to analyze the expressions of Foxp3 and CTLA-4 in Tregs., Results: SjHSP60 enhanced the immunosuppressive function of Tregs. Soluble cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β mediated inhibitory activity of SjHSP60-triggered Tregs. SjHSP60 induced significant increases in both IL-10 and TGF-β expressions of Tregs. Further investigation showed significant increased Foxp3 and CTLA-4 in SjHSP60-trggered Tregs., Conclusions: SjHSP60 enhances Treg immunosuppressive function by promoting the expressions of IL-10 and TGF-β, possibly due to SjHSP60-mediated induction of Foxp3 and CTLA-4 in Tregs.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of the water conservancy schistosomiasis control projects combined with molluscicide to control Oncomelania hupensis snails in the rivers connecting with the Yangtze River., Methods: The water conservancy schistosomiasis control projects of Zhujiashan River, Qili River and Gaowang River were chosen as the study objects in Pukou District, Nanjing City. The data review method and field investigation were used to evaluate the effect of the water conservancy schistosomiasis control projects combined with molluscicide to control O. hupensis snails., Results: After the projects of the water level control and concrete slope protection and mollusciciding were implemented, the snails in the project river sections were completely eliminated. The snail diffusion did not happen in the inland irrigation area too. In the outside of the river beach, though the snails still existed, the snail densities plunged below 1.0 snail per 1.0 m 2 ., Conclusions: The comprehensive measures of the combination of water level control, concrete slope protection and mollusciciding can effectively control and eliminate the snails, and prevent the snails from spreading.

In this paper, the funding situation of traditional Chinese medicine oncology research projects supported by National Natural Science Fund from 1986-2016 was reviewed. The characteristics of funded projects were summarized from funding amount, funding expenses, funding category, and the main research contents of projects, etc. At the same time, the main problems in the projects were analyzed in this paper, in order to provide reference for the relevant fund applicants., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

The paper reviewed the sponsorship and final reports of projects focus on Science of Chinese materia medica resource in Medical Science Department, National Natural Science Foundation of China. The applicant and supportive organizations were analyzed. The progress and results of some projects were summarized by research fields including formation mechanism of Dao-di herbs, research of plant taxonomy, breeding and cultivation of medical plants, ecological and environmental adaptability of Chinese materia medica resource, quality assessment of Chinese materia medica resource, and biosynthesis and regulation of active compounds. In addition, the potential problems and the most and least focused areas in the application were summarized for reference., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

Objective: To study the influence of sex on the generation and function of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells in the process of Schistosoma japonicum infection., Methods: Totally 50 schistosomiasis patients were selected in the endemic areas of Chizhou City, Anhui Province, and totally 50 healthy people were selected in the non-endemic areas of Chizhou City as the controls. The peripheral bloods were collected from the above study subjects, and the human peripheral blood mononuclear cells from male/female schistosomiasis japonica patients or healthy controls were collected into the sodium heparin tubes and purified by Ficoll-paque plus density gradient centrifugation. Then, the percentages of total Tfh cell, ICOS + Tfh cells, and PD-1 + Tfh cells in the schistosomiasis male/female patients or healthy controls were evaluated by flow cytometry., Results: Compared with the male and female healthy controls, the frequency of the total Tfh cells ( U male = 149.0, U female = 39.5, both P < 0.01), the percentages of PD-1+ Tfh cells ( t male = 5.9, t female = 7.7, both P < 0.01) and ICOS+ Tfh cells ( t male = 3.2, t female = 5.9, both P < 0.01) of the male and female patients with schistosomiasis increased, all the differences were statistically significant. The further analysis showed that the percentage of total Tfh cells ( U = 187.5, P < 0.05), ICOS + Tfh cells ( t = 3.2, P < 0.05), and PD-1 + Tfh cells ( t = 3.0, P < 0.05) of the female patients were markedly higher than those of the male patients, all the differences were also statistically significant., Conclusions: Sex may be a crucial role in the generation and function of Tfh cells in the process of Schistosoma japonicum infection.

Inhalation injury seriously threatens the survival and quality of life in burn and trauma patients. So far there is no breakthrough in the treatment of inhalation injury. A significant advance has been witnessed in the experimental study of the use of stem cells in the treatment of lung injury in recent years. In this paper, according to the results of our study in the systemic transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of inhalation injury, the effect of mesenchymal stem cells on anti-inflammatory process and repair of lung tissues in inhalation injury, and its possible mechanisms are reviewed.

In order to improve the accuracy and robustness of detecting tomato seedlings nitrogen content based on near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR), 4 kinds of characteristic spectrum selecting methods were studied in the present paper, i. e. competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS), Monte Carlo uninformative variables elimination (MCUVE), backward interval partial least squares (BiPLS) and synergy interval partial least squares (SiPLS). There were totally 60 tomato seedlings cultivated at 10 different nitrogen-treatment levels (urea concentration from 0 to 120 mg . L-1), with 6 samples at each nitrogen-treatment level. They are in different degrees of over nitrogen, moderate nitrogen, lack of nitrogen and no nitrogen status. Each sample leaves were collected to scan near-infrared spectroscopy from 12 500 to 3 600 cm-1. The quantitative models based on the above 4 methods were established. According to the experimental result, the calibration model based on CARS and MCUVE selecting methods show better performance than those based on BiPLS and SiPLS selecting methods, but their prediction ability is much lower than that of the latter. Among them, the model built by BiPLS has the best prediction performance. The correlation coefficient (r), root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) and ratio of performance to standard derivate (RPD) is 0. 952 7, 0. 118 3 and 3. 291, respectively. Therefore, NIR technology combined with characteristic spectrum selecting methods can improve the model performance. But the characteristic spectrum selecting methods are not universal. For the built model based or single wavelength variables selection is more sensitive, it is more suitable for the uniform object. While the anti-interference ability of the model built based on wavelength interval selection is much stronger, it is more suitable for the uneven and poor reproducibility object. Therefore, the characteristic spectrum selection will only play a better role in building model, combined with the consideration of sample state and the model indexes.

Objective: To study the effects of low pre-pregnant lead exposure level on the mobilization of lead and calcium in maternal skeleton during gestation and lactation in mice., Methods: Seventy Kunming female mice were randomly divided into the lead exposure or control groups, 36 mice were exposed to lead by drinking water (50 mg/L) and 36 mice were exposed to deionized water for 4 weeks. The levels of calcium and lead in blood and femurs were measured on the 1st, 7th and 14th days during gestation and on the 1st,10th and 21st days during lactation with atomic absorption spectrophotometry using a heated graphite atomizer or flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry., Results: As compared with the pre-pregnant, at the end of lactation in exposure group the levels of calcium in blood and bones significantly decreased 18.5% and 17.75%, respectively, the levels of lead in blood significantly increased 65.22% and the levels of lead in bones significantly decreased 28.45% (P < 0.05). There was a significant negative correlation between the blood lead level and the bone lead level during gestation and lactation in exposure group (r = -0.904, P < 0.01). There were significant differences of lead and calcium levels during the gestation and lactation between exposure group and control group (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: The lead mobilization in maternal bone occurred during gestation and lactation in mice, which could be accelerated by the low pre-pregnant lead exposure.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to develop a novel root canal filling sealers based on calcium phosphate cement (CPC), and to evaluate its physical-chemical properties and in vitro antibacterial activity on the predominant bacteria infecting root canal., Methods: The fluidity and the setting time of the sealer were tested according to ISO 6876:2001(E) standards. The crystal size of the final product was determined. Its opacification with different composition were measured. The in vitro antibacterial property of the sealer was tested according to the Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Anaerobes recommended by National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLs). The involved bacteria included Actinomyces naeslundii(A. naeslundii), Peptostreptococcus anaerobius (P. anaerobius), Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), Porphyromonas endodpntalis (P. endodpntalis) and Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum). Twenty single-rooted human extracted teeth were selected to evaluate the sealing ability using dye microleakage technology. Dye penetration was measured and the results were statistically analyzed using SPSS12.0 software package., Results: The new root canal filling sealer was primarily composed of hydroxyapatite in 279 nm after setting. Its liquidity was suitable, the operating time was over 30 minutes, and the controlled setting time was (1.0+/-0.5) hours. The opacification was acceptable. MIC

Objective: To analyze different mutations in regulatory sequence of prolactin (PRL) gene during the formation of 17 beta-estradiol (E2 ) -induced prolactinoma in eutopic and ectopic pituitary of rats., Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats transplanted with an isologaus pituitary under renal capsule were treated with subcutaneous implantation of an empty or E2-laden silastic capsule. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was employed to evaluate the expression of PRL mRNA in pituitary glands, and DNA sequencing was used to analyze the mutation in regulatory sequence of PRL gene., Results: After treated with E2 for 120 days, both the eutopic and ectopic pituitaries were three times more heavier than those from control group (P < 0. 01) , and the body weight of rats was decreased to 42. 90% of the control group (P < 0 01 ). The PRL mRNA expressions in glands from the eutopic and ectopic pituitaries 120 days after treated with E2 were much more than those in untreated pituitary glands (P <0. 01). DNA sequencing showed seven mutations in the regulatory sequence of PRL gene in the eutopic pituitaries 120 days after treated with E2 , while the mutation in the ectopic pituitaries was decreased., Conclusions: Prolactinomas can be induced by chronic treatment with E2 in both the eutopic and the ectopic pituitaries transplanted under renal capsule distant from the hypothalamus. Different mechanisms exist in the formation of eutopic and ectopic prolactinomas.

Objective: To explore the clustering character of overweight and obesity with multiple cardiovascular disease risk factors such as blood pressure, serum lipids and glucose, and to provide evidence for intervention in childhood., Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 913 children aged 7-13 years in urban area of Shijiazhuang. Measurements included height, weight, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and fasting serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and serum glucose (GLU)., Results: Overall prevalence rate of overweight and obesity was 29.24% (boys: 34.98% vs. girls: 24.23%). When compared with normal children, children with overweight or obesity had significantly higher levels of SBP, DBP, TC, TG but low HDL-C. The prevalence rates of high SBP, DBP, TC, TG, GLU and low HDL-C in overweight and obese children were higher than in normal children. After adjusted for gender and age, the odds ratios of overweight and obese children for high SBP, DBP, TC, TG, GLU and low HDL-C were 6.77, 3.22, 2.55, 6.42, 3.85 and 2.94 (95% CI: 4.15-11.04, 1.38-7.49, 1.59-4.11, 3.46-11.92, 1.69-8.78 and 1.83-4.73), respectively. Odds ratios of overweight and obese children holding any one, two or three of the selected six risk factors appeared to be 2.74, 13.15 and 15.33 (95% CI : 1.92-3.92, 6.69-25.87 and 4.17-56.39), respectively., Conclusion: Childhood overweight and obesity increased the clustering of children's risk factors on cardiovascular diseases, as well as increasing the risk of children acquiring multiple cardiovascular disease risk factors. Controlling overweight and obesity would help early prevention on children from getting cardiovascular diseases.

Objective: To analyze and predict the trend in mortality rate of stomach cancer in twenty years in China., Methods: Stomach cancer mortality data collected from the China national survey over the period 1970s - 1990s for the cause of death were analyzed., Results: The adjusted mortality rate of stomach cancer in 1990s increased by 11.0% and 6.3% for males and females, respectively. The urban mortality in 1970s was slightly higher than the rural mortality, while in 1990s the rural mortality rate was about 60% higher than the urban mortality. In 1990s, the adjusted urban mortality rate decreased by 22.2% and 26.7% for males and females, respectively. In contrast, the rural mortality rate increased by 26.4% and 22.1% for males and females, respectively. The sex ratio of stomach cancer deaths in 1990s, both in cities and rural areas, was slightly greater than that in 1970s, being more marked in the latter areas. In 1990s, the mortality rate decreased in 12 provinces, accounting for 44% in both sexes (12/27), but the decrease was more marked for females than for males except in Kiangs province. In provinces where the increased rates ranked top six positions, the magnitude of increase in rates was higher in males than in females., Conclusion: The overall mortality rates of stomach cancer in the past 20 years in China presented an increasing trend, despite there were upward and downward changes in 27 provinces and decrease in cities while increase in rural areas. Compared with other countries, the world-adjusted mortality rate of stomach cancer for both sexes in China ranks first. The increasing trend in stomach cancer mortality was seen in the older age groups (> 60 years) while a decreasing trend was seen in the younger age groups (30 - 59 years). Aging of the population could be an important factor responsible for the increase in mortality rates of stomach cancer in China.

Objective: To describe the distribution changes of the mortality rate for cervical cancer in China between the 1970's and 1990's and provide the scientific evidence for the prevention and control strategies for cervical cancer campaign in China between next century., Methods: Data from two National Surveys for the Causes of Death in 1970's and 1990's in China. The crude and adjusted mortality rates for the cervical cancer and the distributions based on age and area were calculated and described. The comparison of the differences of changes between two mortality rates periods and together with its trends were shown based on the age-standardized., Results: During two decades, the mortality rate for cervical cancer was 10.7 per 100,000 in 1970's which declined to 3.89 per 100,000 in 1990's, and from the 3rd ranking among all female malignant tumors to the 6th in 1990's (decreased about 63.64%). But the declination was not evenly. There have still been some high-risk areas, most located in rural countries in the mid-west of China, with rates remain unchanged and even at the highest level in the world, such as Wudu in Gansu and Yangcheng in Shanxi. A big difference was showed between rural country and city, but in both of them, the mortality rates in 1990's were significantly much lower than in 1970's (P = 0.001) at each five-year age group. And in the city, there was a much sharper increased trend in young women in 1990's., Conclusions: The mortality rate for cervical cancer campaign in China has been substantially declined during past twenty years, but it's still a major health problem for women, especially in rural China. The focus of the prevention and control for the cervical cancer in the next century should put on rural areas, especially in mid-west of China and young women in the city.