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Objective To compare the clinical and laboratory characteristics, therapeutic efficacy and prognosis of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) with or without FLT3-ITD gene mutation. Methods The clinical data of 93 AML patients, aged from 10 to 66 years, were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 21 patients were FLT3-ITD gene (FLT3-ITD+AML group) positive, and 72 patients were negative for FLT3-ITD gene (FLT3-ITD－AML group). The patients' chromosomes were examined, and mutation of FLT3-ITD and NPM1 gene and the expressions of HOX11, ETO, EVI and NPM1 gene were analyzed, along with the 2-year event-free survival and 2-year overall survival were learned. Results At primary diagnosis, the proportion of patients with WBC>100×109/L, and bleeding rate was significantly higher in FLT3-ITD+ AML group than that in FLT3-ITD－AML group (P=0.04; P=0.01), but no statistical difference was found in age, immunophenotype and chromosomal abnormality (P>0.05). The complete remission (CR) rate was 28.57% in FLT3-ITD+ AML group, and it was obviously lower than that in FLT3-ITD－AML group (55.56%, P=0.013). The 2-year event-free survival was 29.2% in FLT3-ITD+ AML group, and it was significantly lower than that in FLT3-ITD－AML group (37.7%; P=0.04). Meanwhile, 33.3% of the patients in FLT3-ITD－AML group were also positive for NPM1 gene expression, and all of them did not get complete remission. However, only 1.39% of the patients expressed NPM1 gene in FLT3-ITD－AML group, but 50% of them got complete remission (P=0.022). Conclusion Patients with FLT3-ITD+AML were easily associated with high WBC counts, bleeding, lower CR rate, poor event-free survival, and poor prognosis.