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Objective: To carry out genetic analysis for a fetus with confined placental mosaicism (CPM) for trisomy 2 (T2) in conjunct with fetal uniparental disomy (UPD)., Methods: Amniocentesis and chromosomal karyotyping was carried out for a pregnant woman with a high risk for chromosome 2 anomalies indicated by non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT). Single nucleotide polymorphism array (SNP-array) and trio-whole exome sequencing (Trio-WES) were carried out. Ultrasonography was used to closely monitor the fetal growth. Multifocal sampling of the placenta was performed after delivery for copy number variation sequencing (CNV-seq)., Results: The fetus was found to have a normal chromosomal karyotype. SNP-array has revealed multiple regions with loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on chromosome 2. Trio-WES confirmed the presence of maternal UPD for chromosome 2. Ultrasonography has revealed intrauterine growth restriction and oligohydramnios. Intrauterine fetal demise had occurred at 23 +4 weeks of gestation. Pathological examination had failed to find salient visceral abnormality. The placenta was proved to contain complete T2 by CNV-seq., Conclusion: T2 CPM can cause false positive result for NIPT and may be complicated with fetal UPD, leading to adverse obstetric outcomes such as intrauterine growth restriction, oligohydramnios and intrauterine fetal demise.

Objective: To evaluate the cardiac function of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) induced sepsis rats with high-resolution ultrasound., Methods: According to the method of random number table, 48 adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into normal control group and sepsis 6, 12, 24, 30, 48 hours groups, with 8 rats in each group. The sepsis model was produced by CLP, and the rats in the normal control group were only anesthetized and resuscitated. The general situation after modeling in each group was observed, and the left ventricular function was assessed by high-resolution echocardiography at all the time points. The abdominal aorta blood of rats was collected, and the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase (CK-MB) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The myocardial tissue was harvested, and the pathological changes in myocardial tissue were observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining., Results: The rats challenged to CLP displayed symptoms of sepsis, such as depression, ruffled fur, decreased diet and activity, and the symptoms became more obvious with the extension of time. High-resolution echocardiography could clearly show the structure of left ventricle in each group and obtain satisfactory M-mode echocardiography of left ventricle. The heart rate (HR) of rats in all sepsis groups was elevated with the increase in model time as measured by high-resolution ultrasound, and it was significantly higher than that in the normal control group at 12, 24, 30 hours (bpm: 359.66±23.33, 361.35±12.85, 392.67±11.33 vs. 306.24±29.79, all P < 0.05). Stroke volume (SV) and cardiac output (CO) in sepsis rats were decreased with the increase in model time, while left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS) were increased first and then decreased, and SV and LVEF in sepsis 48 hours group were significantly lower than those in the normal control group [SV (μL): 78.43±17.52 vs. 122.61±15.88, LVEF: 0.763±0.018 vs. 0.902±0.011, both P < 0.05]. Left ventricular weight (LVW) in all sepsis groups was increased to different degrees as compared with that in the normal control group, as well as the left ventricular anterior and posterior wall thickness increased in diastole and systole. Compared with the normal control group, the left ventricular posterior wall thickness was increased significantly at the end of diastolic and systolic period in the sepsis 12 hours group, and the left ventricular anterior wall thickness was also increased significantly at the end of diastolic period in the sepsis 48 hours group. The serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and CK-MB in sepsis rats were increased first and then decreased with the extension of model making time. The above parameters in the sepsis 48 hours group were still significantly higher than those in the normal control group [TNF-α (ng/L): 61.59±3.99 vs. 16.87±4.89, IL-1β (ng/L): 255.03±13.23 vs. 119.59±10.43, CK-MB (μg/L): 1.27±0.15 vs. 0.52±0.15, all P < 0.05]. HE staining showed that the myocardial striations of the rats in the normal control group were clear and complete, with normal morphology and orderly arrangement of cardiac cells. However in the sepsis groups, myocardial cells were swollen, ruptured and necrotic, and inflammatory cells were infiltrated, with myocardial fibers ruptured and necrosis dissolved, and the above pathological manifestations gradually increased with the extension of the model making time., Conclusions: High-resolution ultrasound can evaluate the cardiac function of CLP induced sepsis rat model more comprehensive, and the consequence of evaluation index is consistent with the expression level of myocardial enzyme and histopathologic manifestations.

Objective: To establish a simple, reliable and efficient isolation and culture method of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro., Methods: Type 2 collagenase was used to digest umbilical cord and separate HUVECs. The cells were cultured in the endothelial cell culture medium (ECM). The cell morphology was observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope. Immunofluorescence technique was applied to detect the expression of von Willebrand factor (vWF). Cell purity was determined by detecting CD31 level on cell surface with flow cytometry. Tube formation assay was used to test the function of the endothelial cells after cryopreservation in vitro., Results: HUVECs successfully isolated were proved with high purity and good activity. HUVECs of primary generation could merge into a single layer one week after isolation. The cells showed a typical cobblestone-like arrangement. Immunofluorescence technique validated that the cells could widely express vWF and the expression frequency of CD31 was 93.1%. The cells were still capable of forming the lumen structure after cryopreservation, indicating that the standardized cryopreservation method could well maintain the cell function., Conclusion: This is a simple, reliable and efficient method of isolating and culturing HUVECs in vitro.

Objective: To assess the status of the cardiovascular disease associated risk levels among hypertensive population of Han, Uygur and Kazakh ethnicities, in Xinjiang Uygur Autonornous Region, to guide hypertension prevention and treatment in different ethnicities., Methods: Four stages random cluster sampling method was used, and all the data was collected from Xinjiang local residents aged over 18 between October 2007 and March 2010., Results: A total of 14 618 subjects completed this survey, in which 2 654 Han, 1 612 Uygur and 2034 Kazakh people diagnosed with hypertension was included in this research. Most of them were"grade 1 hypertension", and the percentage of grade 3 hypertension was Han (19.1%), Uygur (17.3%) and Kazakh (32.3%), respectively. Majority hypertensive people accompanied with 1 risk factor. The risk proportions of low, medium, high and very high in hypertension population of different ethnicities were Han (19.4%, 34.6%, 46.1%), Uygur (17.7%, 37.6%, 44.7%), Kazakh (12.5%, 38.0%, 49.4%) respectively. In Han, Uygur and Kazakh ethnicities, the percentage of high risk and very high risk was highest in hypertensive men aged over 60 years old.The percentages of hypertension awareness were 42.0%, 45.6%, 46.5% and percentages of medicine therapy were 29.6%, 23.4%, 25.2% for Han, Uygur and Kazakh ethnicities, respectively., Conclusions: Hypertensive people among Han, Uygur and Kazakh ethnicities in Xinjiang are mainly under high risk and very high risk situation of cardiovascular disease, especially in men aged ≥60. The percentage of hypertension awareness and medicine therapy in high risk and very high risk population is the highest, while percentage of awareness in medium risk population is low.

Objective: The present study describes an improved in vitro culture method for obtaining high purity, vital and fully functional cardiomyocytes from neonatal rat., Methods: After cutting ventricular tissue with improved method, ventricular tissues were digested with low concentrations of trypsin overnight at 4 °C, and then underwent collagenase II digestion. Thereafter, cardiomyocytes were purified by combined differential adhesion and chemical inhibition methods., Results: Adherent cardiomyocytes were seen at 12 h after culture, spontaneously beating cardiomyocytes were observed at 24 h after culture, crosslinked cardiomyocytes were found at 48 h after culture, adhesion clustered cardiomyocytes were seen at 72 h after culture, dense network formed from inter-connected was evidenced together with radial arranged cell clusters and cell pseudopodia 96 h the mutual contact woven into and formed radically ordering cell clusters and island-like beating cardiomyocytes at 96 h after culture. The cell survival rate and purity were more than 98%., Conclusion: Fully functional spontaneous beating cardiomyocytes can be obtained by the use of this improved primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes culture method.

Objective: To evaluate the safety of discontinuing drugs for prolactinoma during pregnancy, and the effect of prolactinoma on pregnancy., Methods: Thirty-two cases of prolactinoma in pregnancy were enrolled, 22 microadenoma and 10 macroadenoma., Results: Adenoma growing appeared in 6 cases. Among them 5 were macroadenoma, dopamine agonists were then reused and surgery were carried out in 2 of them. The other was one microadenoma, dopamine agonists was reinstituted. No side effect on fetus's weight and appearance was seen. Gestation complication was as normal., Conclusions: Discontinuing dopamine agonists is safe during pregnancy for microadenoma. The risk of macroadenoma enlargement during pregnancy is high. Regular visal field testing is necessary during pregnancy. Prolactinoma doesn't influence gestation complication and fetus.

Objective: To study high risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary embolism (PE) during pregnancy and postpartum., Methods: Two patients with pulmonary embolism were reported retrospectively., Results: The 1st case was a pregnant woman with congenital heart disease at 39 weeks gestation, who underwent uneventful cesarean section (CS) because of heart disease, but she had tachycardia, tachypnea, cyanosis, dyspnea suddenly on the 10 days after CS and died immediately after the onset of above symptoms, the diagnosis of PE was highly suspected clinically. The 2nd case was a pregnant women with twin gestation, at 35 weeks, because of severe prenatal myocardiopathy, cesarean section was performed, Maternal death occurred suddenly during the surgery. The diagnosis of PE was confirmed by autopsy., Conclusions: The maternal mortality of PE during pregnancy and postpartum is very high, whenever there is any suspects, the objective examination for PE should be started early in order to get the chance to give anticoagulant therapy.

Objective: To study the optimal management of pregnant women with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)., Methods: The outcomes of 37 pregnancies with ITP about 10 years from (1990 to 1999) were analysed., Results: Among the 37 cases, vaginal delivery and cesarean section were done in 16 and 21 cases respectively. Neonatal thrombocytopenia was diagnosed in 3 newborns. None of them had intracranial hemorrhage. The incidences of postpartum hemorrhage and infection were 8.1% and 2.7%, respectively. No maternal mortality was noted., Conclusions: In view of very low morbidity in babies of ITP mothers, we suggest that they be delivered vaginally if there is no obstetrical complications. Selected cesarean delivery should be performed in severely thrombocytopenic cases when there are sufficient fresh blood and platelet. The invasive interventions should not be used to avoid newborn thrombocytopenia.

Objective: To investigate the necessity, safety and acceptability of routine Papanicolaou (Pap) smear in pregnant women and cytological characteristics of the smears during pregnancy., Methods: Pap smear were performed in 954 pregnant women, 1,053 normal controls and 1,908 gynecological out-patients. The cytological preparations were analyzed by using PAPNET method and following Bethesda (TBS-NCI) diagnostic criteria. Quality control was carried out by following TBS-NCI standard., Results: Abnormal epithelial change was found in 89 women (89/954, 9.3%) of pregnant group, which was quite similar to normal controls group and gynecological group. Occurrence rate of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL) was the lowest in pregnant group (0.94%, 9 in 954 cases), comparing with control group (2.75%) and gynecological group (6.23%). However, pregnant group had the highest infection rate (89.9%), as compared to gynecological group (64.5%), and normal controls group (69.1%) (P < 0.01)., Conclusions: Cervical Pap smear test is necessary, safety and acceptable for routine prenatal tests. Any pregnant women with infections must be treated as nonpregnant one.

Objective: To study the incidence, cause and clinical manifestation of venous thromboembolism during pregnancy and puerperium, and its diagnosis and treatment., Methods: 12 cases of venous thromboembolism admitted in our hospital from 1984-1997 were analysed retrospectively. The plasma protein C, protein S and antithrombin III activities were measured in 4 of the cases and activated protein C resistance (APC-R) were assayed by activated partial thrombinplastin time (APIT) in the presence and absence of APC (APC-APIT) and FV Leiden gene mutation were analysed by PCR restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) methods as well., Results: Four cases occurred before delivery and 8 postpartum. Two cases complicated by pulmonary thromboembolism, and of them 1 died. APC-R(+), reduced activity of antithrombin-III and protein S each were found in 3 separate cases. No FV Leiden gene mutation was found in the 4 cases., Conclusions: The formation of venous thromboembolism during pregnancy and puerperium is highly associated with the deficiency of anticoagulant proteins. Anticoagulation is recommended in the high risk women of thromboembolism.

386 pregnant women in 3rd trimester having indications of induction labor were induced with nutritional food. The success rate was 77.92% (301/386) and correlated with the cervical Bishop score. Furthermore the success rate increased significantly in term with premature rupture of the membrane (90.54%). This method, which was found to be safe and effective can significantly shorten the first and total stage of labor.

For monitoring of fetal well-being, non-stress test (NST) and vibro-acoustic stimulation test (VAS-T) were tested simultaneously in 295 normal pregnant women with gestational age over 36 weeks. In 130 women who delivered babies within 1 week after testing, the monitoring results were compared with the newborn's condition immediately after birth. The results showed that VAS-T improved the accuracy rate diagnosed by NST and shorten the time period required for examination. The clinical significance of 5 different wave forms of VAS-T were studied. Type I and Ib were typical reactive pattern which represented a good fetal condition. Type II, III and IV suggested that the fetus were in various degree of hypoxia. Specifically, Type III reflected the cord around the neck, and type IV was a sign of severe fetal distress and nervous system defect.

Fifty women with normal pregnancy were given MOM nutrient powder (30 g/day) from 16 weeks of gestation to the beginning of labor and another 40 cases of normal pregnancy were given iron, folic acid, calcium, vitA+D at the same time were observed and compared for the nutritional status at 16, 28, 37 weeks of gestation, the serum total protein, albumin, fasting blood sugar, cholesterol, triglyceride serum iron calcium, folic acid vitA and blood glutathione reductase activation coefficient (GRAC), Hb, hematocrit were measured in the two groups. The results showed that all the above mentioned measurements were in normal range, and there was no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups. The maternal body weight at various stages of gestation; maternal weight gain; neonatal birth weight, and the production of breast milk showed also no significant difference between the 2 groups. We conclude that the action supplementation of various nutrients by drug can be replaced by food MOM nutrient powder for the pregnant women.

From Jan. 1987-Jun. 1993, 37 cases of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) pregnant women and 10 gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) mothers requiring regular insulin (RI) treatment during pregnancy were recruited. A comparative study of the daily RI requirement was carried out in women breast-feeding (BF) or not (non-BF) at different periods: before pregnancy, during gestation, postpartum and at present. Results showed no difference of RI requirement between BF and non-BF groups before pregnancy, during gestation and currently, but a significant decrease of RI requirement (P < 0.05) among BF mothers in postpartum period. Of the 10 GDM cases, 3 of them who did not breast feed their babies required further RI for 4-7 days in the postpartum period, whereas 7 BF mothers did not need any RI after delivery with blood glucose levels remaining within normal range. Based on the above analysis one may conclude that BF can reduce the RI requirement of IDDM and GDM mothers in the postpartum period. It is thought that more energy is needed in the process of producing milk, and serum glucose is the main substance for lactose synthesis, thus blood glucose level of BF mother is decreased, and so is the RI requirement. Therefore, mothers with diabetes mellitus are encouraged to breast feed their babies.

Nineteen cases of fetal arrhythmia discovered by antenatal auscultation were analyzed. Among them, 14 alive babies were followed up. The occurrence, diagnosis and prognosis of fetal arrhythmia were discussed. 14 cases had normal FHR with arrhythmia, 1 case with tachycardia, 4 with bradycardia. Ultrasonocardiography (USC) was performed in 12 cases. 3 of them had sinus bradycardia with structural abnormalities of heart, they showed fetal distress in labor, neonatal asphyxia and perinatal death. 14 cases were followed up for a period of less than one year to 5 years. Only 2 babies had aurical premature beat by USC, others remain normal.

Twenty four cases of intrauterine death occurred in 3,834 deliveries from Jan. 1985 to Dec. 1987 in our hospital. The causes of fetal deaths were analysed on the basis of maternal complications and pathologic findings. Maternal complications, such as pregnancy induced hypertension, abnormal glucose tolerance test, anemia, infection ............ were observed in 18 cases (75.0%). At delivery, 4 babies (16.6%) were found to have cord around neck and 1 with short umbilical cord. Marked abnormalities of placenta were demonstrated in 12 cases (50.0%) and fetal abnormalities in 4 cases (16.6%). Clinically, intrauterine deaths were often preceded by signs of growth retardation, reduced fetal movements and abnormal NST test. Gravidography, fetal movement counting, non-stress test, and ultrasonic scanning may be helpful in predicting this catastrophe.