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Objective To evaluate the influence of mechanical property of tooth-like yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP) by adding rare earth oxide as colorants. Methods Six kinds of tooth-like Y-TZP were made by introducing internal coloration technology. The colorants included rare earth oxide (Pr6Oll, CeO2, Er2O3) and transition element oxide (MnO2). Mechanical properties (flexural strength, vickers hardness and fracture toughness) were tested. Microstructure was examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the fracture model was analyzed. Results The range of flexural strength of the six kinds of tooth-like Y-TZP were (792±20)-(960±17) MPa, the fracture toughness were (4.72±0.31)-(5.64±0.38) MPam1/2, and the vickers hardness were (1 332±19)-(l 380±17) MPa. SEM obser-vation on the cross section of the six kinds of sintered composites showed a relatively dense polycrystal structure, and the fracture models was mixed type. Conclusion Tooth-like Y-TZP is acquired with better mechanical properties (frac-ture toughness and vickers hardness) by adding rare earth oxide as colorants. It is available for clinical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess the outcome of large facial defect reconstruction with "partition" pre-expanded cervico-scapulo-dorsal flaps (CSDF) based on the superficial cervical artery (SCA)., Methods: Surgical course consisted of 3 stages. In stage I, a skin flap was designed along the axis of SCA according to the facial defect and an expander was implanted in the cervico-scapulo-dorsal region by means of "partition" expansion. The expanders were implanted beside the flap axis and beneath the posterior half of flaps so as to expand only half area of the flap. During the stage II, expanders were injected with saline regularly for continuous expansion. In stage III, the pre-expanded CSDFs were transferred to cover the facial defect of which the CSDFs included about half of non-expanded area., Results: From November of 2008 to December of 2013, 15 patients with facial hypertrophic scar or scar contracture were reconstructed with pre-expanded CSDF based on the SCA. The expansion lasted for 3 to 4 months, and the expanded volume varied from 680 to 960 ml. One case of 4.0 cm x 1.5 cm epidermal flap necrosis occurred and healed subsequently with superficial scar; and another case of blister formation in the distal part of flap was found, which recovered without scar; the other 13 flaps survived without complications. After a follow-up for 12 to 38 months( average 26. 2 months), patients regained satisfactory appearance of face, with no obvious hypertrophic scar in the donor site., Conclusions: Partition preexpanded CSDF based on the SCA is a good choice for large facial defect reconstruction, and the partition expansion is an effective strategy for prevention of venous congestion.

Objective: To evaluate the influence of adipose tissue extract on inducing angiogenesis and adipogenesis in adipose tissue engineering chamber in vivo., Methods: 6 months' healthy New Zealand rabbits (n = 64) were picked. The inguinal fat pads were cultured, centrifuged, filtered, and the liquid was called adipose tissue extract (ATE). Two adipose tissue engineering chamber were built in the rabbit's back. A week later, 0.2 ml normal saline (control group, left) and 0. 2 ml ATE (experimental group, right) was respectively injected into the chamber. The contents were evaluated morphometrically, histologically and immunohistochemically 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 4 weeks and 7 weeks after injection. 8 rabbits were observed each time. The data regarding the number of the volume of fat flap and blood capillary at each time point were analyzed by paired t test., Results: After injection, new tissue volume was significantly increased in the experimental group [(5.12 ± 0.22) ml], compared with that in control group [(4.90 ± 0.15) ml]. Early angiogenesis was also increased after ATE injection and the total number of capillaries reached peak 1 week after injection, which was (72.80 ± 9.67) in experimental group and (51.40 ± 6.09) in control group. In the mid-term of experimental period, earlier adipogenesis appeared in experimental group. In the later period, the outer capsule of the new construction was thinner in experimental group which reduced the suppression of the adipogenesis., Conclusions: ATE can promote the angiogenesis and adipogenesis in the chamber, and reduce the capsule contracturing, so as to induce the large volume of adipose tissue regeneration

Objective: To explore a combined application of tissue expansion, perforator flaps and super-thin flaps in reconstruction of extensive face and neck scars., Methods: In the first stage, the position and course of the perforators were confirmed with the multi-detector computed tomography ( MDCT) and color Doppler ultrasound. The expanders were implanted between subdermal vascular plexus and superficial fascia. In the second stage, the expanded super-thin perforator flaps were transferred to resurface the extensive defects and deformities in the face and neck., Results: 26 cases with extensive facial and cervical scars were included in this study. Except for one case with necrosis at the distal end, the other 25 flaps survived completely. The maximum flap size was 35 cm x 10 cm with a pedicle of 8 cm x 4 cm. Long-term follow-up showed that this combined application provided thinner flap than the conventional pre-expanded flap, thus avoiding secondary flap debulking and revisions. All the patients got improvement in contours, facial features and emotional expression., Conclusions: The combined application of tissue expansion, perforator flaps and super-thin flaps is a practical method which has advantages in feature recontouring and recovery of delicate emotions in reconstruction of extensive face and neck scars.

Objective: To explore the optimal seed cells derived from human adipose tissue for promoting the engraftment of transplanted adipose tissue in nude mice., Methods: Human adipose tissue granules (0.3 ml) obtained from patients undergoing liposuction were mixed with hypoxic adipose-derived stem cells (ADCs, group A), ADCs (Group B), stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells (group C), or pure adipose tissue granules in complete culture medium particles (group D). The mixtures were injected subcutaneously on the back of 6 nude mice, and the transplanted adipose tissues were harvested 3 months later to examine the engraftment using histological method and HE staining., Results: The wet weights of the adipose grafts in groups B and C (91.67∓1.472 mg and 96.67∓5.164 mg, respectively) were similar (P>0.05), but both significantly higher than those in groups A and D (61.67∓8.165 mg and 40.83 ∓4.916 mg, respectively, P<0.05). The grafts in groups A, B and Cshowed a significantly higher blood vessel density than those in group D; the blood vessel density was the highest in group C (P<0.05) and similar in groups A and B (P>0.05). Histologically, the adipose grafts in groups B and C consisted predominantly of adipose tissue, with less necrosis and fibrosis than those in groups A and D (P<0.05). The fibrosis count was the highest in group D (P<0.05), and similar in groups B and C (P>0.05)., Conclusion: The adipose-derived stem cells, especially ASCs and SVFs, can promote the engraftment of human adipose tissue in nude mice, indicating their potential clinical value in adipose tissue transplantation.

Objective: To construct a tissue-engineered skin flap using composite skin and adipose tissue constructed by adipose-derived stem cells(ASCs)., Methods: Human ASCs isolated from adipose tissue were cultured and identified for their adipogenic, osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation potentials. ASCs were then mixed with collagen gel for adipogenic induction and observed 15 days later with inverted microscope, oil-red O staining and HE staining. To construct the composite skin, keratinocytes and fibroblasts were isolated from human foreskin. The fibroblasts were mixed with collagen gel and cultured for 5 days, and keratinocytes were seeded on the gel for 4 days before transfer of the culture to air-liquid interface for culture for another 10 days. The adipose tissue and composite skin were then assembled according to the structure of normal skin and cultured for 3 days with HE staining observation., Results: The cultured ASCs were capable of adipogenic, osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation, and adipogenic induction of the ASCs-gel complex for 15 days resulted in adipogenic differentiation of the ASCs in gel. The assembled tissue-engineered skin consisted of 3 layers, including a suprabasal layer formed by the stratified and differentiated keratinocytes, the middle layer and sublayer containing numerous cells, and a underlying sublayer formed by the adipogenic ASCs., Conclusion: Tissue-engineered skin flap can be constructed by assembling composite skin and adipose derived from cultured keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and ASCs.

Objective: To explore the optimal method for extracting human serum that retains rich growth factors., Methods: Human serum was isolated by centrifugation of coagulated whole blood or by Anitua's method, and the concentrations of PDGF-AB and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in the serum samples were measured. Human dermal fibroblasts were cultured in the presence of 10% feral bovine serum or 10% human serum obtained, and the cell morphology, viability and proliferative activity of the cells were evaluated., Results: The fibroblasts grew well in all the media with good viability. The cells cultured in the presence of human serum isolated by centrifugation of coagulated whole blood, which had the richest content of growth factors, showed the greatest cell number and cell viability among the groups (P<0.05), a result consistent with the growth curve and MTT curve., Conclusion: Centrifugation of coagulated whole blood retains high contents of growth factors in human serum to better promote cell growth, and is simple, cost-effective and most efficient for serum isolation.

Objective: To review the mechanism of improved revascularization of free fat grafting with adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs)., Methods: The literature related to the basic researches of ADSCs in free fat grafting and angiogenesis was reviewed., Results: Angiogenesis is a sequence process in time and space which is regulated by various factors. ADSCs possess the capability of secreting many angiogenic growth factors and differentiating into various lineages., Conclusion: ADSCs affect every process of angiogenesis with clear improved angiogenic effects, however, the mechanisms of angiogenic effects need the further researches.

Objective: To analyse and summarize the diagnosis, treatment, and clinical effects of talus lateral process fracture., Methods: Between February 2001 and March 2009, 21 male patients with an average age of 33.6 years (range, 18-46 years) with talus lateral process fractures were treated. Fracture was caused by falling from height in 18 cases, by tumbling in 2 cases, and by sprain in 1 case. According to Hawkins classification, there were 4 cases of type I, 15 cases of type II, and 2 cases of type III, all being closed fractures. The disease course was from 2 hours to 26 days. In 17 patients whose fracture fragments were more than 1 cm x 1 cm x 1 cm or whose fracture fragments shifting was more than 1 mm, open reduction and internal fixation with AO hollow titanium nails were performed in 14 patients, open reduction and internal fixation with door-shape self-made nail in 1 patient, and open reduction and internal fixation with absorbable screws in 2 patients. In 4 patients whose fracture fragments were less than 0.6 cm x 0.5 cm x 0.5 cm or whose fracture fragments shifting was less than 1 mm, fragments removal was performed in 2 patients, Kirschner pins in 1 patient, and plaster conservative therapy in 1 patient. In patients with ligaments injury, the ligaments was reconstructed during the operation., Results: All the incisions achieved primary healing. Twenty-one patients were followed up 9.5 months to 8 years. No ankle pain occurred and the range of joint motion was normal after operation. The X-ray films showed that all cases achieved fracture union. And the healing time was from 8 weeks to 14 weeks (10 weeks on average). According to American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) for foot, the results were excellent in 17 cases, good in 3 cases, and moderate in 1 case; the excellent and good rate was 95.24%., Conclusion: The size and displacement of fracture fragment should be considered first in the treatment of lateral process fracture of talus; in patients who are complicated by lateral malleolus ligament injury, the ligament should be reconstructed to avoid the chronic non-stability of lateral ankle.

Objective: Seed cells are the hotspot of tissue engineering research. To study the seed cells with high potential of adipogenic differentiation for applying the adipose tissue engineering and increasing the constructing efficiency of adipose tissue engineering., Methods: Mature adipocytes (MA) and adipose-derived stromal cells (ADSCs) were harvested from human fat aspirates via liposuction by collagenase digestion. MA were cultured and induced to dedifferentiated adipocytes (DA) by ceiling adherent culture method. DA and ADSCs were induced to adipogenic differentiation. The adipogenic abilities of DA and ADSCs were compared by inverted phase contrast microscope observation, absorption spectrometry assay of oil red O staining, and cell counting of oil red O staining., Results: MA could dedifferentiate into fibroblast-shaped DA. After adipogenic differentiation, the inverted phase contrast microscope observation showed that there were much more lipid droplet in DA than in ADSCs. Absorption spectrometry assay of oil red O staining showed there were significant lipid droplet aggregation in DA 4 days of adipogenic induction. However, the same phenomenon could be observed in ADSCs at 10 days after differentiation. After 12 days, the absorption value of DA was higher than that of ADSCs, showing significant difference (P < 0.05). The cell counting of oil red O staining demonstrated that the adipogenic rates of DA and ADSCs were 65% +/- 6% and 35% -/+ 5%, respectively, showing significant difference (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: The potential of adipogenic differentiation of DA is stronger than that of ADSCs. DA is a promising seed cell of adipose tissue engineering.

Objective: To compare two kinds of myofascial flap encapsulating adipose-derived stromal cells (ADSCs) in adipogenic efficacy in vivo, and to provide experimental basis for the efficient transplantation of free adipose tissue., Methods: ADSCs were isolated from the subcutaneous adipose tissue in the neck of 10 New Zealand rabbits (aged 3- 4-months-old, male and female, weighing 2.0-2.5 kg), and primary culture and subculture of ADSCs were conducted. When the cells at passage 3 covered 70%-80% of the bottom of the culture flask, BrdU (10 microg/mL) was applied to label the cells for 48 hours before performing immunofluorescence staining. Oil red O staining observation was conducted to those cells 2 weeks after being induced towards adipocyte, alizarin red staining observation was performed 3 weeks after being induced towards osteoblast, and alcian blue staining was conducted 2 weeks after being induced towards chondrocyte. Besides, after being induced towards adipocyte for 2 weeks, 1 x 10(7) ADSCs/piece at passage 3 labeled by BrdU was seeded into Col I (10 mm x 10 mm x 5 mm/piece) to prepare cell carrier complex. The experiment was divided into two groups: group A in which vascular pedicled dextral latissimus dorsi fascial flap was adopted to encapsulate the complex; group B in which dextral gluteus maximus fascial flap with no specific vessel pedicle was applied to encapsulate the complex. Rabbits in each group went through autogenous ADSCs transplant and self control. The implants were dislodged 8 weeks after operation, HE staining and immunohistochemistry staining were performed to testify cambium, the wet weight and micro vessel count of the cambium in each group were tested, immunofluorescence staining was performed to determine the origin of cambium and microvascular endothelium., Results: The nucleus of ADSCs positive for BrdU labeling showed green fluorescence under fluorescence microscope, with the positive labeling ratio of ADSCs above 90%. For ADSCs at passage 3, the formation of red lipid droplets within cells was observed 2 weeks after being induced towards adipocyte, red calcium nodules were evident 3 weeks after being induced towards osteoblast, and highly congregated cell mass positive for alcian blue staining appeared 2 weeks after being induced towards chondrocyte. Eight weeks after operation, neogenetic blood vessel grew into scaffolds and no obvious fibre encapsulation was observed in group A, while few blood vessel grew into scaffolds in group B. The wet weight of cambium in group A and B was (0.149 5 +/- 0.017 3) g and (0.095 3 +/- 0.012 7) g, respectively, indicating there was a significant difference between two groups (P < 0.01). HE staining showed the formation of neogenetic adipose tissue and the growth of micrangium in the implant, and the degradation and absorption of scaffold. The micro vessel count of group A and B was 31.2 +/- 4.5 and 19.3 +/- 2.6, respectively, indicating there was a significant difference between two groups (P < 0.01). Eight weeks after operation, the immunofluorescence staining of cambium showed that the cell nucleus of regenerated adipocytes and partial capillary endothelium in groups A and B presented green fluorescence., Conclusion: ADSCs encapsulated by vascular pedicled latissimus dorsi fascial flap and collagen protein scaffold complex has a higher adipogenic efficacy in vivo than the gluteus maximus fascial flap with no specific vessel pedicle.

Objective: To observe the effect of gene expression of p53 and the polymorphism of p53 gene codon 72 on clinical phenotype of keloids., Methods: The tissue and blood samples were taken from 35 patients with keloids, 19 males and 16 females, and the course of disease was from 4 months to 8 years. Meanwhile, autologous peripheral blood was collected for genotype analysis. According to the observing scope, the tissue samples of the keloids were divided into 2 groups: the central group involving the central part of the keloids (the central area within two-thirds of the radius) and the peripheral group involving the peripheral part of the keloids (the peripheral area within one-third of the radius). According to the largest diameter of the keloids, the two groups were divided into 3 subgroups: the small size group with 5 patients (< 1 cm), the medium size group with 21 patients (1-3 cm) and the large size group with 9 patients (> 3 cm). DNA of the tissue and blood samples were extracted, and the PCR followed by DNA sequencing was used to detect the polymorphism of p53 gene codon 72. The expression change of P53 was detected by immunohistochemical staining. The fibroblast apoptosis in keloid tissues was detected by TUNEL method., Results: The genetic genotype of p53 gene codon 72 in keloids included Arg/Arg in 7 cases, Pro/Arg in 21 cases, Pro/ Pro in 7 cases. The significant correlation was found between genotype and clinical phenotype (P < 0.05). Immunohistochemical staining revealed that P53 was detectable in peripheral and central groups of small-medium size keloids and central groups keloids, and detectable in few cells in peripheral groups of large size keloids. The absorbency value was 3 439.359 8 +/- 538.527 5 in Arg/Arg genotype, 3 273.186 2 +/- 375.213 9 in Arg/Pro genotype, 1 691.372 9 +/- 98.989 3 in Pro/Pro genotype. There were significant differences among the three genotypes (P < 0.05). The fibroblast apoptosis was detected by TUNEL, and the apoptotic cells were evenly distributed. The apoptosis index was 31.000 0 +/- 3.266 0 in peripheral group of large size keloids, 42.300 0 +/- 4.354 8 in peripheral group of medium size keloids, 44.600 0 +/- 5.253 6 in peripheral group of small size keloids. There were significant differences among the three groups (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: There is close relationship between the clinical phenotype of keloids and the expression of P53. The polymorphism variation of p53 gene codon 72 is beneficial for apoptosis of fibroblasts in keloids.

Objective: To investigate the clinical effect of transplanting by auto-fat granule injection for mastatrophy post suckling., Methods: From March 2000 to June 2006, 73 patients (146 breasts) with mastatrophy post suckling were treated by transplanting auto-fat granule. The mastatrophy occurred between ages 28 and 52 years with a median of 37 years post suckling. The breasts shrank and their elasticity decreased gradually within 2-10 years post suckling. The auto-fat granule was obtained by liposuction with syringe from patient's abdomen, waist, buttocks and thighs, etc. After repeated wash and purification, the auto-fat granule was transplanted into the interspace behind the breast by injection. The quantity of auto-fat granule was 50-100 mL in each side of breast per transplantation at 3-6 months intervals, and the whole course of treatment needed 2-6 transplantations., Results: The incisions in all cases healed primarily postoperatively. In 73 cases, 65 were followed up from 6 months to 3 years post operation. All patients had a significant improvement in their breast size and shape postoperatively and their breasts were soft and natural in appearance and feel. All of them had more perfect arcuation of physique and body with strengthened self-confidence, relieved mood and improved quality of life. However, small indurations were found sporadically in 7 cases (10 breasts) within 2-7 months, and calcifications in 5 cases (8 breasts) within 9-14 months post the first operation., Conclusion: The transplantation by auto-fat granule injection for mastatrophy post suckling is an effective and practical method. The surgical technique is well worth performing in clinical practice.

Objective: To explore the optimal dosage, timing and cytotoxicity of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labelling for rabbit adipose-derived stromal stem cells (ADSCs) in vitro so as to confirm its feasibility for stem cells labelling and tracer means., Methods: Six rabbits were used in this experiment, aged 8-12 weeks, weighing 1.5-2.0 kg and neglecting their gender. 1-2 mL fat was removed, the ADSCs were isolated and cultured using the adherence method in vitro. The 3rd passage of ADSCs was incubated withBrdU at 5, 10, 15 and 20 microg/mL (groups A, B, C and D) for 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours to identify the optimal BrdU concentration and incubating time for cell labelling. Immunohistochemistry and trypanblau strain were performed respectively to calculate the labelling index (positive rate) and the cells' activity for different time after BrdU labelling. The ADSCs without BrdU labelling were used as control (Group E)., Results: The main appearance of primary ADSCs was short fusiform shape, and of the 3rd passage ADSCs long fusiform shape. The 3rd passage of ADSCs could differentiate into osteoblasts and adipocytes under corresponding inductive medium. The ADSCs' nucleus show green fluor under fluorescence microscope after labeled by the BrdU. The labelling ratio increased in groups A, B, C and D after incubating 12 hours, the mean labelling ratio were 30.6% +/- 2.3%, 32.4% +/- 1.9%, 45.8% +/- 1.8%, 50.8% +/- 3.1%, respectively, and the labelling ratio of Group E was 0. There were significant differences between groups C, D and Group A (P < 0.01). The labelling ratio of groups A, B, C and D were 45.9% +/- 2.0%, 87.9% +/- 3.3%, 90.6% +/- 2.9%, 91.7%+/- 3.2%, respectively after 24 hours and the labelling ratio of Group E was 0. There were significant differences between groups B, C, D and Group A (P < 0.01). The results of all groups after incubating 48 hours and 72 hours were similar to that after incubating 24 hours. The cell counting of groups A, B, C and D were better than that of Group E, but showing no siginificant differences (P > 0.05)., Conclusion: The most appropriate time for BrdU labelling ADSCs is 48 hours, the most appropriate concentration is 10 microg/mL. The labelling rate is high and cytotoxicity is little.

Objective: To detect gene mutations of Fas gene death domain (exons 79) in 2 Chinese keloid pedigrees and to investigate the significance of Fa gene mutations in the keloid formation., Methods: The samples were selected from keloid pedigrees A and B in 2005. The polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing analysis technique were used to detect the sequence of exons 7-9 of Fas gene from keloid tissues of 2 male patients in pedigree A, their peripheral vein blood and their surrounding normal skin served as their own contrast, their spouses' peripheral vein blood served as normal contrast, the peripheral vein blood of 2 patients in pedigree B served as a contrast between different keloid pedigrees., Results: No gene mutations and single nucleotide polymorphism in Fas gene exons 7, 8 were found in all samples from pedigrees A and B. But point mutations and single nucleotide polymorphism in Fas gene exon 9 were identified in 11 bp and 53 bp in 2 keloid tissue samples from Chinese keloid pedigree A., Conclusion: Fas gene point mutations maybe indicate some relations in Fas protein function and keloid formation.

Objective: To compare gene express difference of keloid and normal skin tissues by using the suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) so as to find the differential express gene in keloid., Methods: mRNA extracted from keloid and normal skin tissues was used as the template to synthesis cDNA of keloid and normal skin. The cDNA of keloid served as a tester, the cDNA of normal skin as a driver. cDNA was digested with Rsa I. Adaptor-ligated tester cDNA was prepared. Then first hybridization, second hybridization and PCR amplification were done. Differentially expressed cDNA was selectively amplified during these reactions. After SSH, the PCR mixture was ligated with T-vector. The positive clones were selected and the insert gene fragments were analyzed. Southern hybridization identified the keloid differential express genes. The positive clones of Southern hybridization were selected, and these sequences were analyzed. The results were compared with that of GeneBank., Results: Thirteen differential genes were found in keloid, of which 11 gene clones have been known their function, and 2 clones have not known their function., Conclusion: Keloid differentially expressed gene was screened successfully by SSH.

Objective: To replace dysfunctional Fas gene and reconstruct the blocked Fas signal by using two kinds of prepared recombinant Adenovirus which have human Fas gene ., Methods: After the keloids derived from fibroblasts were infected by the Adenovirus, the expressions of Fas protein before the exposure and after the exposure was compared. Then the function of the newly produced Fas protein was detected., Results: The highly improve expression of Fas protein in the infected keloid derived fibroblasts was detected. Obvious apoptosis was also detected in the infected keloid derived from fibroblasts under the condition of exposing to FasMcab., Conclusion: The recombinant Adenovirus with Fas gene can transfect the Fas gene into keloid-derived fibroblasts and highly improved the expression of Fas protein. The newly expressed Fas gene can reconstruct the blocked Fas signal. Ad-Fas (B) has better therapeutic effect in vitro gene therapy. The correlation between keloid and Fas gene was further proved and it may pave the way for further gene therapy in keloid.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between p53 codon 72 polymorphism and susceptibility to keloid., Methods: The p53 genotypes were detected by polymerase chain reaction-reverse dot blot (PCR-RDB) and DNA direct sequencing among 15 healthy controls and 15 patients with keloid., Results: The frequency of the Pro allele (P = 0.035) and Pro/Pro genotype (P = 0.030) in patients was significantly higher than that in the controls. There was no significant difference in the frequency of Pro/Arg and Arg/Arg genotypes between patients and controls., Conclusion: The p53 gene codon 72 polymorphism may play a role in susceptibility to keloid.

Objective: To investigate whether there are abnormal fibroblasts derived from the surrounding skin of keloids so that a more accurate therapy for keloids could be obtained., Methods: Samples were taken for cell culture. When primary cells fully covered the culture bottle, the shape and distributing characteristics of fibroblasts were observed under the light microscope. 6-8 passage fibroblasts were selected for comparing the proliferating activity by MTT contrasting color method., Results: The fibroblasts have the same shape in all groups. But the fibroblasts derived from the surrounding skin grow crossly and overlapped just as the fibroblasts from keloids. The proliferating activity of the fibroblasts from surrounding skin is not as high as that from the border of keloids, but is higher than the normal skin fibroblasts derived either from a normal person or a patient with keloid., Conclusion: It is likely that there are abnormal fibroblasts in the surrounding skin of keloids.

Objective: To observe the change of nitric oxide synthetase (NOS) in lateral geniculate nucleus of normal and monocular deprived kittens and to discuss the role of nitric oxide in the etiopathology of amblyopia., Methods: The distribution of nitric oxide synthetase in lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of normal and monocular deprived kittens had been studied by using nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-diaphorase histochemical method (NDP)., Results: In normal kittens, NOS positive cells were not seen in any lamina of LGN, but NOS positive fibers were discovered. In monocular deprived kittens, NOS positive fibers were seen in every layers of LGN, in the nondeprived laminae of LGN there was strip-shaped distribution of NOS positive cells, and in the deprived laminae the NOS positive cells were occasionally seen., Conclusion: NOS might act as a new class of neurotransmitter and be involved in the formation of emblyopia.

Objective: To compare the effects of the external ultrasonic, the internal ultrasonic and simple negative pressure liposuction operations under tumescent anesthesia., Methods: The fat volume, operative time, complications and other indexes of liposuction in 276 cases were collected and compared., Results: External ultrasonic liposuction rapidly emulsified the fat with the least complication. The effects of the internal ultrasonic liposuction was next to the external ultrasonic method while the simple negative pressure liposuction had the poorest effects., Conclusion: The external ultrasonic liposuction operation is a safe and effective method for local overweight reduction.