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[Objective] The study aimed to investigate the allelopathie and its mechanism effect of alien invasive plant Chenopodium ambrosioides L. on Zea mays L. of grain crops. [Method] The guard cells from the lower epidermis of Z. mays were taken as the object to study the cytotoxicity of volatile oil from C ambrosioides on it. [Result] The results showed that after the stress treatment, nuclei were distorted, the number of guard cells died and the rate of nuclear aberration and the cell death rate were significantly increased(P<0.05). Guard cells were positive by TUNEL assay. Compared with volatile oil alone, volatile oil and Caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK significantly increased cell activity, indicating that volatile oil induced caspase-dependent apoptosis in Z. mays guard cells;(Ca2+ channel inhibitor LaCI3, Ca2+ chelator EGTA, nitrate reductase inhibitor NaN3, NO synthase Inhibitor L-NAME, reactive oxygen scavenger AsA and catalase CAT can alleviate the cytotoxicity of volatile oil front C. ambrosioides. [Conclusion] The volatile oil of C. ambrosioides has significant cytotoxicity to guard cells of Z. mays and induces caspase-dependent apoptosis of guard cells, in which signal regulation mechanism is related to signal molecules of NO, ROS and Ca2+. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]