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Objective: A method based on the high resolution mass spectrometry library and diagnostic ratio of characteristic components was established to identify the illegally added psoraleae fructus in wine and tea. Methods: High resolution mass spectrometry library of psoraleae fructus was constructed by high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry （HPLC-TOF-MS） for preliminary screening. Combined with the diagnostic ratio method of the characteristic components by, high performance liquid chromatography, psoraleae fructus in different 20 samples of mixed wine and mixed tea from different picking time and origin was tested and analyzed The diagnostic ratio of characteristic component peak area, which was less affected by the origin, picking time and processing technology, has no significant difference between different matrix groups, and was selected as the identification index. Results: High resolution mass spectrometry library of psoraleae fructus was established by high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry （HPLC-TOF-MS） for preliminary screening. Corylia/psoralen and psoralen/isopsoralen were selected as the two characteristic groups. The box diagram was drawn to determine that the non-abnormal value range of Corylia/Psoralen was 0.061~0.115, and the non-abnormal value range of Psoralen/Isopsoralen was 1.14~1.68. The established screening and confirmatory methods were validated by commercial samples. Conclusion: The method is simple and efficient, which provides technical support for cracking down on illegal addition of psoraleae fructus in wine and tea.

This paper deals with the problem that the ideal interferometric phases are unavailable in the maximum coherent correlation method for distributed satellite interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) image fine coregistration. A DEM-assisted approach is proposed to estimate the ideal interferometric phases. The proposed method firstly simulates the interferometric phase using the orbit information and a coarse DEM after coarse coregistration. In fine coregistration processing the shifts of each block are estimated by the maximum coherent correlation method after removing the simulated interferogram. Meanwhile, the geolocation and fringe simulation method with coarse DEM are proposed with multi-static SAR focusing geometry which can be used in various SAR acquisition modes. Finally, the validity of the method is demonstrated by ERS-1/2 real data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through artificial shading, this paper studied the phenotypic plasticity of invasive species Ambrosia trifida in its morphology, biomass allocation, and photosynthesis characteristics in response to different light intensities. As compared with the control, shading increased the stem height, crown width, leaf area, specific leaf area, and the proportion of leaf biomass in total biomass of A. trifida significantly, but decreased the total biomass, biomass per unit leaf area, and root to shoot ratio. Under natural light condition, the crown width and leaf area were smaller and the root to shoot ratio was larger, which benefited the decrease of water loss under high temperature and high light intensity and manifested the stronger phenotypic plasticity of A. trifida in its morphology and biomass allocation in response to different light intensities. Under shading, the mean daily net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance decreased, while the stomatal CO2 concentration increased. At noon when the light intensity was the highest, the photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance under low shading reached the maximum. Under moderate shading and high shading, the chlorophyll content increased significantly, and the chlorophyll a/b had a significant decrease, which could improve the utilization of light energy by A. trifida under shading environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemical constituents were isolated and purified from fruiting bodies of Ganoderma calidophilum by various column chromatographic techniques, and their chemical structures were identified through combined analysis of physicochemical properties and spectral data. As a result, 11 compounds were isolated and identified as(24E)-lanosta-8,24-dien-3,11-dione-26-al(1), ganoderone A(2), 3-oxo-15α-acetoxy-lanosta-7,9(11), 24-trien-26-oleic acid(3),(23E)-27-nor-lanosta-8,23-diene-3,7,25-trione(4), ganodecanone B(5), ganoderic aldehyde A(6), 11β-hydroxy-lucidadiol(7), 3,4-dihydroxyacetophenone(8), methyl gentiate(9), ganoleucin C(10), ganotheaecolumol H(11). Among them, compound 1 is a new triterpenoid. The cytotoxic activities of all of the compounds against tumor cell lines were evaluated. The results showed that compounds 1, 3, 4 and 6 showed cytotoxic activity against BEL-7402, with IC_(50) values of 26.55, 11.35, 23.23, 18.66 μmol·L~(-1); compounds 1 and 3-6 showed cytotoxic activity against K562, with IC_(50) values of 5.79, 22.16, 12.16, 35.32, and 5.59 μmol·L~(-1), and compound 4 showed cytotoxic activity against A549, with IC_(50) value of 42.50 μmol·L~(-1).

Ionizing radiation causes the massive apoptosis of human tissue cells,leading to dysfunction of the gastrointestinal tract and hematopoietic system.Thus,high-efficiency,low-toxicity radiation protection drugs are urgently needed.Toll-like receptor agonists have been developed based on the anti-apoptotic mechanism of tumor cells in recent years,which exert their radioprotective effects by activating downstream pathways,mainly nuclear factor-κB.Here we elucidate several agonists of Toll-like receptors involved in radiation protection,with an attempt to inform the research and development of new radiation protection agents.

Long-term overuse of grasslands results in quantitative and qualitative decline of forage yield. Nutrient supplementation is a key strategy to improve forage yield. While mounting evidence showed that nitrogen (N) supplementation can increase forage yield, little is known about its impacts on forage quality. To understand the effects of N supplementation on forage quality at the community level, we carried out a field experiment in the meadow steppe of Hulunbuir. Our results showed that N supplementation significantly increased forage yield by 23%, which was mainly due to positive responses of perennial rhizomatous grass. The yield of other plant functional groups showed neutral response to N supplementation. The concentrations of crude protein, crude fat, and crude fiber varied significantly among different plant functional groups. Nitrogen supplementation significantly enhanced the concentration of crude protein in rhizomatous grass, bunchgrass, legume, and sedge. It enhanced the content of crude fat in rhizomatous grass but with no effect on other functional groups. Nitrogen supplementation had no effect on the concentration of crude fibre in all functional groups. At the community level, N supplementation significantly increased the concentrations of crude protein and crude fat. Our results are important for understanding the responses of forage production in meadow steppe under the scenarios of N enrichment.

To investigate the dynamic changes of endogenous hormones contents in Salvia miltiorrhiza after the inoculation of Glomus versiforme(GV).The contents of endogenous hormones of ABA, ZR, GA, IAA and MeJA by ELISA were measured. Infection rata of GV reached plateau of 90% at the 90th d of inoculation; fresh weight of overground part and leaf number were significantly higher in GV group, with 2.7 and 1.96 fold than that of control; contents of all endogenous hormones apart from ABA in over- and under-ground part were markedly lower (P<0.05) in GV group at the 75th and 90th d, respectively, with 63% to 75% and 45% to 81% of that in control, and were significantly higher (P<0.05) in both over- and under-ground part in GV group at the 105th d, with 1.4 to 1.7 fold higher than that of control; content of ABA in underground part increased significantly at 60th, 75th and 105th d. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi could promote the growth of S. miltiorrhiza, and affect the dynamic changes of endogenous hormones contents in different infection periods., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

Objective: To investigate the effect of Fufang Zhenzhu Tiaozhi formula( FZT) in a long-term high-fat diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease( NAFLD) mouse model and to study the regulation of hepatic endoplasmic reticulum stress( ERS)., Methods: Mice model with NAFLD was established by feeding purified high-fat diet,and treated with FZT at the same time. After treatment with FZT for 20 weeks, the plasma total cholesterol( TC),hepatic TG, triglyceride( TG) level,liver tissue pathology morphology and expression of lipid metabolism, ERS related genes were observed,and measured the effect of FZT on NAFLD in mice., Results: Compared with normal control group,plasma and hepatic TC,TG level were significantly increased in model group( P < 0. 05); compared with model group,the plasma and hepatic TC,TG level were significantly lower in FZT high and low-dose group( P < 0. 05); XBP-1,PERK and SREBP-1c mRNA expression of liver tissue were significantly lower( P < 0. 05)., Conclusion: FZT can significantly alleviate NAFLD in mice which induced by a long-term high-fat diet, reduction of the hepatic ERS activity may be one of its mechanisms alleviate NAFLD.

Objective: To study the chemical constituents of Pattra Medicine Euodia lepta in Xishuangbanna of Yunnan Province., Methods: The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by chromatographic techniques, and identified by NMR, MS and other spectral methods., Results: In 60% ethanol extract from the stems,and 95% ethanol extract from the leaves, six compounds and two compounds were isolated and identified as pachypodol( 1) ,3-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl )umbelliferone(2),7-demethylsuberosin (3),beta-sitosterol (4),3,7-dimethoxy kaempferol(5), euolitrine(6), sesamin(7) and p-O-geranyl coumaric acid(8), respectively., Conclusion: Compound 7 is obtained from Euodia genus for the first time,and compound 8 is obtained from domestic Euodia lepta for the first time.

Objective: To study the Chinese medicine (CM) syndrome typing of hyperlipidemia inpatients, thus exploring the CM syndrome typing laws., Methods: The clinical materials, including blood lipids, grading,complications, CM symptoms, and manifestations of tongue and pulse were recorded using self-formulated epidemiological questionnaire of CM syndrome in hyperlipidemia, and then these materials were statistically analyzed., Results: Gan-qi stagnation syndrome (66.46%) was the most often seen syndrome in the 316 hyperlipidemia inpatients. Gan stagnation Pi-deficiency syndrome (35.44%), Gan-Shen yin deficiency syndrome (16.77%), Pi-Shen yang deficiency syndrome (13.61%), inner stagnation of phlegm and stasis syndrome (13.29%), hyperactivity of yang and hypoactivity of yin syndrome (9. 18%) were 5 common syndromes of hyperlipidemia. Gan stagnation Pi-deficiency syndrome occupied an important position among all types and at various levels. Results from the lipid classification of hyperlipidemia showed that mixed type with low HDL-C was the most often seen (108/316, 34.18%), followed by mixed hyperlipidemia (81/316, 25.63%). Totally the mixing type accounted for 59.81% (189/316), higher than hypertriglyceridemia (16.77%) and hypercholesterolemia (23.42%)., Conclusions: Gan stagnation pi-deficiency syndrome might be the core syndrome affecting the lipid metabolism of hyperlipidemia. Mixed hyperlipidemia was the most often seen in clinics. Clinical medication should cover actions of decreasing TC and TG, and increasing HDL-C.

Objective: To observe the effect of fufang zhenzhu tiaozhi capsule (FTZ) on lipid metabolism in atherosclerotic rabbits., Methods: 50 rabbits were divided into five groups: normal control group, model group, simvastatin group, the high-dose group and low-dose group of FTZ. The atherosclerotic model was established by feeding the rabbits with high fat diet. The medicine interfered groups were administrated with homologous medicine on the base of high fat diet. All the rabbits were fed for 12 weeks. The blood lipids levels were determined just before the experiment and at the forth, the eighth and the twelfth weekend of the experiment. At the end of the experiment, serum apolipoprotein levels, liver lipid contents and the area of atherosclerotic plaque were determined respectively., Results: Compared with model group, TC, TG, LDL-C and ApoB levels were significantly decreased in FTZ groups (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The level of HDL-C and the ratio of ApoA I /ApoB were raised significantly (P < 0.05). The contents of TC,TG in liver tissue and the area percentage of atherosclerotic plaque were also markedly reduced (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) in the FTZ groups., Conclusion: FTZ could efficiently regulate the abnormality of lipid metabolism in experimental atherosclerotic rabbits, and this maybe one mamechanisms of its antiatherogenic effect.

Objective: To observe the effect of pBBADs-OXM-transformed bifidobacteria on the body weight of obese mice., Methods: B. longum was transformed with pBBADs-OXM by electroporation, and arabopyranose-induced oxyntomodulin expression by the bacterium was detected by ELISA. pBBADs-OXM-transformed bifidobacteria was administered orally obese mice on a daily basis with pBBADs-GFP-transformed bifidobacteria as the negative control, and the body weight changes of the mice were observed., Results: OXM was detected by ELISA not only in the supernatant but also the precipitant of the transformed bacterial culture. The body weight of the obese mice fed with pBBADs-OXM-transformed bifidobacteria decreased significantly compared with that of the mice in the obese model group (P<0.05)., Conclusion: Administration of pBBADs-OXM-transformed B.longum can reduce the body weight of obese mice.

Objective: The technics of optimal extraction for compound shenzhutiaozhi capsule is investigated in this study., Methods: Orthogonal test were employed for selecting the optimum of extraction technics and the contents of oleanolic acid and salvianolic acid B were detected by TLC-scanning and HPLC, respectively., Results: Five volume of 70% alcohol, extracting 3 times with half an hour for each time, and seven volume of water, extracting 3 times with half an hour for each time were considered the optimum extraction technics of Frugtus Ligustri lucid, Salvie miltiorrhizae as well as Reizaoma Atractylodis Macrocfphalae, respectively., Conclusion: The considerable extraction rate of active components in the drugs is achieved by applying the selected technics.