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Aiming at the problems of real-time monitoring of the temperature of the heat source in the goaf and accurate positioning of the high-temperature point, the temperature variation law of the high-temperature heat source in the goaf model is studied by using the non-contact infrared temperature measuring device. The relationship between heat source temperature, heating time, temperature measured by sensor and temperature measurement distance is analyzed, and the equation of heat source location under ideal conditions is deduced. Based on the heat source temperature change rate, the heat source temperature time piecewise fitting model and the sensor measured temperature iterative compensation model correct the fitting error of the data and the systematic error of the device. The results show that the temperature of the heat source changes as a quadratic function with the heating time, and the heating rate of the heat source increases first and then decreases; the temperature measured by the sensor is directly proportional to the temperature of the heat source, and the temperature receiving rate of the sensor is inversely proportional to the temperature measurement distance; the maximum relative error of the corrected heat source temperature is 0.48%, and the average absolute error of the temperature measurement distance is 0.1 m.