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Background Population aging is a major challenge in the global healthcare field. Due to pathological and physiological changes in ageing skin, skin injuries are highly prevalent in older population. And epidemiological studies on skin injuries in this population has become a research hotspot recently. Objective To examine the prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of three types of skin injuries 〔pressure injuries (PI) , incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) and skin tears (ST) 〕in elderly inpatients using a multicenter cross-sectional study, providing a basis for formulating strategies for the prevention of skin injuries in older people. Methods A multicenter study was carried out in 52 hospitals selected from 16 provinces, two autonomous regions and two municipalities of China, from which 1 067 nurses who had completed the online homogenization training conducted by our research group and passed the relevant examination were selectedas investigators. Every 2-3 nurses were divided into a investigation group. Eligible older inpatients were selected as participants. Full body skin examination for screening skin injuries was conducted in participants in each hospital by nurses using the same tools and methods. PI, IAD and ST were defined and classified by relevant international guideline or expert consensus, respectively. Then demographics, length of stay (LOS) , chronic disease history, use of medications in the past month, living independence and risk of PI assessed by the Braden Scale of the participants were collected. After that, two nurses of each group signed to confirm the results, and uploaded to https://www.wjx.cn. SPSS 22.0 was used for statistical analysis. Results A total of 14 675 elderly inpatients were investigated, and all of them responded effectively (100.0%) . The respondents had an average age of (73.5±9.0) years and a median LOS of 7 (4, 13) days, among whom 56.3% (8 262/14 675) were men, and 43.7% (6 413/14 675) were women; 95.5% (14 020/14 675) were Han people, and 4.5% (655/14 675) were 19 ethnic minorities. The overall prevalence of the three types of skin injuries was 6.0% (881/14 675) , of which the prevalence of PI, IAD, ST and at least two types of skin injuries was 3.3% (484/14 675) , 1.4% (199/14 675) , 0.8% (110/14 675) and 0.6% (88/14 675) , respectively. Epidemiologic characteristics: Han people had higher prevalence of skin injuries compared with ethnic minorities (6.2% vs 2.9%, P=0.001) . Eighty-year-olds had higher prevalence of skin injuries than 71-80-year-old (10.2% vs 6.1%, P

The Harbin loess is located in the easternmost part of the Eurasian loess belt. It is an ideal material for reconstructing the history of aridification of the Songnen Plain and determining the eastward advance of inland Asia. However, research on aridification of the climate in the Songnen Plain is quite weak. The relationships between aridification, tectonism, climate and drainage evolution in the area are currently poorly understood. In this study, these sedimentary characteristics, grain-size, magnetic susceptibility, total organic carbon and Sr-Nd isotopes are presented, combined with grain size end-member and wavelet analysis, to examine the history and driving mechanism of climate aridification in the Songnen Plain. It was found that due to the high-latitude cold climate, deposition of the Harbin loess-paleosol sequence was significantly different from that in other regions. The gleization sedimentary environment is the main controlling factor for the low magnetic susceptibility of the paleosol layer; the appearance of the Harbin loess indicates the climate aridification of the Songnen Plain. The Songnen sandy land began to develop at about 460 ka; loess >63 im and the EM3 end member component together clearly indicate the occurrence of two aridification and sandy expansion events at 380 ka and 300 ka. The Sr and Nd isotopes and TOC indicators reveal that the aridification phenomenon continued until 180 ka, after which the climate of the Songnen Plain gradually became warmer and wetter. Global climate cooling (enlargement of ice areas), regional tectonism (uplift of the Songliao watershed), and drainage change (altered Songliao water system) were collectively responsible for aridification in the Songnen Plain. This study is of great significance to the sustainable developmentof the ecology and social economy of the Songnen Plain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

7 T high field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides a useful tool for microscopic spatial resolution visualizing anatomy. In addition, it enables the observation and analysis of tissue metabolism and function. 7 T MRI is now developing fast both in its technology and in its potential prospective medical applications. This review introduces current applications and possible future developments of the 7 T MRI in the field of human brain imaging for clinical studies and practices.

To correctly classify EEG with different mental tasks, a new learning algorithm for Evolving Cascade Neural Networks (ECNNs) is described to avoid over-fitting of a neural network due to noise and redundant features. The learning algorithm calculates the value of a fitness function on validate set and accordingly updates the connection weights on training set. The learning algorithm uses the regularity criterion for selecting the neurons with relevant connection. If the value Cr calculated for the rth neuron is less than the value Cr-1 calculated for the previous (r-1) neuron, the features that feed the rth neuron are relevant, else they are irrelevant. An ECNN starts to learn with one input node and then, adding new inputs as well as new hidden neurons, evolves it. The trained ECNN has a nearly minimal number of input and hidden neurons as well as connections. The algorithm is applied to classify EEG with two mental tasks. The trained ECNN has correctly classified 83.1% of the testing segments. It shows a better result, compared with a standard BP network.