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The temperature profile is an important process parameter for the autoclave curing of composite, which has an important influence on the curing time and the quality of the cured composite part. The curing period and curing quality of autoclave processed composite can be simultaneously controlled by the optimal design of the temperature profile. The numerical simulation of the curing process of a C-shaped composite part was carried out. The prediction results are in good agreement with the experimental test results, which verify the capability of the simulation method. Then, the temperature profile was optimized by using the design of experiment (DOE) method and particle swarm algorithm to achieve the simultaneous control of curing period and curing quality. Experiments were also carried out to verify the optimization results. The results show that the optimal design of temperature profile can effectively reduce the curing period and satisfy the constraints of curing uniformity, curing degree and curing deformation. The curing periods of the optimization cases are reduced by 64% and 45%, respectively.

Abstract: In order to isolate cellulase-producing bacteria from the overrotten soil and further study the cellulose degradation ability of the strain, a wild cellulose-degrading strain ZG2-3 was screened by using the carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) - congo red staining method. Then, the 16 S rRNA molecular identification was used to identify the species, and four commercial cellulose-degrading bacteria strains were screened from the promoting-decomposing agent. Last, the enzyme activity differences between the wild cellulose-degrading bacteria and the commercial cellulose-degrading bacteria were compared. The results showed that one strain of bacteria with high cellulose degradation ability, ZG2-3, was screened by using the carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) - congo red staining method, which was collected and isolated from the overrotten soil under the osmanthus forest in Zhushan Park, Loudi City. ZG2-3 was identified as Bacillus subtilis. The carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase) activity and filter paper enzyme (FPA) activity of ZG2-3 were 0.054 IU·mL-1 and 0.02 IU·mL-1, respectively, and the CMCase activity of ZG2-3 was significantly higher than that of the commercial cellulose-degrading bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to enhance understanding of the diversity and evolution of WRKY genes in leguminous plants, and to explore the functions of WRKY transcription factor family members and their applications in breeding, in this study, we analyzed the classification, basic physicochemical properties, evolutionary relationship, gene structure, chromosome location, conserved motifs, promoter elements, gene collinearity, expression in five legumes (Glycine max, Cicer arietinum, Phaseolus vulgaris, Medicago truncatula, Lotus japonicus) by using bioinformatics. A total of 185, 61, 90, 108 and 83 WRKY genes were identified, respectively. WRKY protein were identified, and the classification, basic physicochemical properties, evolutionary relationship, gene structure, chromosome location, conserved motifs, promoter elements, gene collinearity, expression analysis were systematically analyzed.The WRKY proteins in all five species were divided into three classes and five subclasses.The WRKY proteins derived from the same evolutionary clade were found to have similar genes and protein structures. There are gene replication events in members of WRKY gene family of the five leguminous plants, and there are significant differences in expression in each tissue.The expression patterns of WRKY genes in different tissues indicate that they may play an important role in the growth and development of leguminous plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the lack of complete raw data support for the semi-physical simulation flight platform in many fields such as flight subject evaluation, platform life research, and the formulation of operating standards, this paper proposes a design of general-purpose flight parameter test system based on LabVIEW. The result is that the simulated cockpit control input information such as flight joystick, throttle stick, switch control panel, flight foot rudder and other simulation commands input, are used to realize the system joint test of the 3D visual simulation software with the project stakeholders. The results of multiple tests show that the system can monitor and record 55 kinds of flight simulation data in real time, including flight attitude parameters, environmental parameters, engine parameters, various warning signals, pilot call information and cockpit voice information. It can be developed and improved for aircraft manufacturing, upgrades, regular inspections and troubleshooting, and pilot operating action coding provide effective and quantifiable data support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To observe the effect of holographic scraping therapy in treating one case of type 2 diabetes mellitus of damp-heat accumulating spleen syndrome, and to summarize related nursing measures. The Middle-Jiao area of side-forehead zone and 1/3 Middle-Jiao area of top-forehead zone were scraped with vertical scraping technique; The surface projection areas of abdominal pancreas and spleen body were scraped with side scraping technique; The corresponding projection area of spine, pancreas and spleen on the back were scraped with side scraping technique. In each conditioning cycle, 2 holographic acupoint areas and related meridian acupoints were scraped, twice per week, five times in a cycle. The holographic scraping therapy is effective to lower blood sugar and improve the quality of life in the patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus of damp-heat accumulating spleen syndrome. (观察全息刮痧治疗湿热困脾型2型糖尿病1例的效果, 总结护理经验。运用厉刮法刮拭头部额旁2带中焦区, 额顶带中1/3中焦区; 边刮法刮痧腹部胰脏、脾脏体表投影区; 边刮法刮拭背部脊椎胰脏、脾脏对应区。每次调理选择2个全息穴区加经络穴位刮拭, 2次/周, 5次为1个疗程。对湿热困脾型2型糖尿病患者实施全息刮痧疗法, 有助于降低患者血糖, 提高患者生活质量。)

A 3x2 factorial design of microcosm experiment was conducted to investigate the interactive effects of straw, nitrogen fertilizer and bacterivorous nematodes on soil microbial biomass carbon (Cmic) and nitrogen (Nmic), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrogen (DON), mineral nitro- gen (NH4+-N and NO3--N), and greenhouse gas (CO2, N2O and CH4 ) emissions. Results showed that straw amendment remarkably increased the numbers of bacterivorous nematodes and the contents of Cmic and Nmic, but Cmic and Nmic decreased with the increasing dose of nitrogen fertilization. The effects of bacterivorous nematodes strongly depended on either straw or nitrogen fertilization. The interactions of straw, nitrogen fertilization and bacterivorous nematodes on soil DOC, DON and mineral nitrogen were strong. Straw and nitrogen fertilization increased DOC and mineral nitrogen contents, but their influences on DON depended on the bacterivorous nematodes. The DOC and mineral nitrogen were negatively and positively influenced by the bacterivorous nematodes, respectively. Straw significantly promoted CO2 and N2O emissions but inhibited CH4 emission, while interactions between nematodes and nitrogen fertilization on emissions of greenhouse gases were obvious. In the presence of straw, nematodes increased cumulative CO2 emissions with low nitrogen fertilization, but decreased CO2 and N2O emissions with high nitrogen fertilization on the 56th day after incubation. In summary, mechanical understanding the soil ecological process would inevitably needs to consider the roles of soil microfauna. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The quality evaluation factors of mango fruit were simplified to provide theoretical references for the establishment of mango quality indexes. [Method] Nineteen quality parameters from eighteen varieties of mango fruit in Guangxi areas, including fruit shape index, flesh firmness, contents of total soluble solids, titratable acid (TA), soluble sugar (SS ), flavor, etc, were measured. The data were analyzed by principal component analysis, systematic cluster analysis, and rationalization satisfaction index and the consolidating rule of multidimensional value theory, after which quality evaluation factors of the mango fruit were filtered. [Result] The results showed that there was either relative independence or close correspondence among the characteristics indicators of fruit quality. Seven indicators were selected according to the principal component scores. Based on the above results, 9 indicators for evaluating mango quality were obtained by systematic cluster analysis. Zill No.6, Zihua, Guire No.82, Guire No. 120, and Xiang-mang were selected for better quality varieties. The data of these 9 indicators of all tested fruits were analyzed with rationalization-satisfaction index and the consolidating rule of multidimensional value theory are suitable for selecting evaluation factors for mango fruit quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Korea and China are closely related to each other geographically and culturally. Chinese culture has profound influence on Korea, and this is well reflected in ancient Korean literary creation. In Korean literature, there are a lot of novels drawing materials from dreams or based on dreams, of which Mongcha Group is the most representative one. This sort of novels is heavily influenced by Chinese culture in ideology, institution, history and geography. From these novels, we can see how Chinese culture was accepted by Korean people and understand their unique aesthetic psychology and characteristics. It is of great academic value for us to understand the cultural characteristics of Korea peninsula literature, its social ideal and aesthetic consciousness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A comparative study was conducted to investigate the effects of different fertilization modes on the soil nematode community structure in a paddy field with paddy rice and wheat rotation in Jintan County (31°39'41. 8"N, 119°C 28'23.5"E) of Jiangsu Province, East China. Six treatments were installed, i. e. , no fertilization (CK), 100% chemical NPK fertilization (F), pig manure compost plus 50% chemical fertilization (PF), straw returning plus 100% chemical fertilization (SF), pig manure compost and straw returning plus 50% chemical fertilization (PSF), and application of commercial pig manure-inorganic complex fertilizer (PMF). The soil samples were collected from the field after the paddy rice harvested in autumn. The two continuous years study showed that the soil nematode community structure varied with fertilization treatments and years. The combined application of chemical fertilizers and organic manures increased the total number of soil nematodes, decreased the abundance of soil bacterivorous nematodes, and made the abundance of predator- and omnivore nematodes increased significantly. No significant differences were observed in the abundance of soil fungivorous nematodes among all the treatments. Chemical fertilization alone and the application of commercial pig manure-inorganic complex fertilizer had no obvious suppression effect on the soil phytophagous nematodes. The abundance of soil bacteriavorous nematodes under the combined application of chemical fertilizers and organic manures was relatively increased in the second year, as compared with that in the first year, while the abundance of soil phytophagous nematodes (Hirschmanniella) was relatively decreased in the second year. From the aspect of nematode ecological indices, the Margalef diversity index (H) under the combined application of chemical fertilizers and organic manures in the second year had an increasing trend, while the NCR index had less change. The Wasilewka index had a relative increase in the second year, while the plant-parasitic index had a relative decrease. It was suggested that the application of organic manure could increase the abundance of soil microbivorous nematodes, and made the soil environment tend to be healthy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An investigation was conducted on the characteristics of soil nematode communities in different vegetation belts (Spartina alterniflora belt, Sa; Suaeda glauca belt, Sg; bare land, B1; Phragmites australis belt, Pa; and wheat land, W1) of Yancheng Wetland Reserve, Jiangsu Province of East China. A total of 39 genera and 20 families of soil nematodes were identified, and the individuals of dominant genera and common genera occupied more than 90% of the total. The total number of the nematodes differed remarkably with vegetation belts, ranged from 79 to 449 individuals per 100 grams of dry soil. Wheat land had the highest number of soil nematodes, while bare land had the lowest one. The nematode ecological indices responded differently to the vegetation belts. The Shannon index (H) and evenness index (J) decreased in the order of Pa > Sg > W1 > Sa > B1, and the dominance index (λ) was in the order of Bl > Sa > W1 > Sg > Pa, suggesting that the diversity and stability of the nematode community in bare land were lower than those in the other vegetation belts, and the nematode community in the bare land tended to be simplified. The maturity index (MI) was higher in uncultivated vegetation belts than in wheat land, suggesting that the wheat land was disturbed obviously. The nematode community structure differed significantly with vegetation belts, and the main contributing species in different vegetation belts also differed. There existed significant correlations between the soil physical and chemical characteristics and the nematode numbers, trophic groups, and ecological indices. Our results demonstrated that the changes of soil nematode community structure could be used as an indicator well reflecting the diversity of vegetation belt habitat, and an important bio-indicator of coastal wetland ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, dissolved organic matter (DOM) was extracted from earthworm casts and from the cattle manure with which the earthworms were fed, and a water culture experiment was conducted to study the effects of the DOM on the copper (Cu2+) absorption by ryegrass in the presence of different concentration Cu2+ (0, 5 and 10 mg · L-1). With the increasing concentration of Cu2+ in the medium, there was a gradual decrease in the dry mass of ryegrass shoots and roots and in the root length, surface area, volume, and tip number. In the presence of medium Cu2+, DOM increased the biomass of shoots and roots and the root length, surface area, volume, and tip number significantly. DOM reduced the Cu2+ concentration in roots, promoted the Cu2+ translocation from roots to shoots, and significantly increased the Cu2+ accumulation in shoots. The DOM from earthworm casts had better effects than that from cattle manure, and high concentration DOM had better effects than low concentration DOM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Toxicity test and pot experiment were conducted to study the nematocidal activity and control effects of Ricinus communis extracts on Meloidogyne incognita. The results showed that both the ricinine and the R. communis water extracts had high nematocidal activity. The ricinine at concentration 2 g·L-1 and treated for 48 hours had the strongest nematocidal activity, leading to 91.5% of corrected mortality of M. incognita and with the LC50 being 0.6 g·L-1, whereas the R. communis water extracts at concentration 100 g·L-1 and treated for 48 hours had the strongest nematocidal activity, which led to 83.5% of corrected mortality of M. incognita, and the LC50 was 18.3 g·L-1. With the inoculation of M. incognita treated with ricinine, R. communis water extracts, and R. communis leaf powder, respectively, on tomato seedlings, the mean number of plant root-knots was 17.6±1.7, 20.6±1.5 and 22.8±3.7, respectively, being significantly lower than the control (37.4±2.3), and the root length increased by 46.8%, 34.5% and 33.8%, and the plant height increased by 33.5%, 22.6% and 15.8%, and the fresh mass increased by 41.4%, 18.9% and 10.1%, respectively, compared with the control. All the results suggested that R. communis extracts could mitigate the harm of M. incognita, and had obvious effects on potted tomato against M. incognita. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS) , the thermal infrared remote sensing data ( Landsat TM/ETM + ) of different periods was used to retrieve the ground brightness temperature. The ground brightness temperature was normalized and classified to study the laws of space-time changes and the temperature's spatial distribution as well as the scope and trends of heat island effect. The resuits show that the heat island effect is mainly distributed in Danwai district and along the railway. Three scale distribution maps of the ground brightness temperature show that the ground brightness temperature of Harbin city changes from the highest to higher and then to the normal: the scope of heat island effect changes from convergence to scatteration and fades a little; the ground brightness temperature of the vegetation and water is low and its verge is lower, The dynamic analysis of heat island effect can provide enough information for the urbanization and urban expansion and as well as for the heat environment assessment and heat resource investigation of the urban. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a microcosm experiment, the effects of the interaction between soil fungi-feeding nematodes and microorganisms on the soil functional stability under persistent stress of CuSO4 or transient stress of heating to 40 °C for 18 h were studied, with the short-term decomposition of barley leaf powder as a representative of soil function. The results showed that whether the stress existed or not, inoculation of fungi-feeding nematodes could enhance soil basal respiration, an overall indicator of soil microbial activity. Under copper stress, the soil basal respiration after the inoculation increased significantly during the period from the 8th day to the end of the experiment (P<005); while under heat stress, the promotion effect of the inoculation was only significant at the 8th day of the experiment, suggesting that the influence of fungi-feeding nematodes on soil microorganisms varied with stress type. Under the two stresses, inoculation of fungi-feeding nematodes had no influence on the resistance of soil function but could promote its recovery, and the soil fungal biomass in the late period of the experiment was lower in the treatment of inoculation than in CK, indicating that under stress condition, fungi-feeding nematodes depressed the growth and development of soil fungi, and possibly, indirectly promoted bacterial development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is significant to carry out the party construction in state high-tech new district. Wuxi achieves success as well as leaves some new problems to be discussed and solved. The paper discusses how the work adapts to the new times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To analyze retrospectively the karyotypes of amniotic fluid, and to study the relationship between the distortion of chromosome number or structure and fetal abnormalities. Methods" 1 984 pregnant women with the high risks under prenatal screening were asked to test the karyotypes of amniotic fluid in their pregnant weeks of 17 to 23, with the informed consent. Results: In 1984 cases, there were 49 cases (2.47%) with abnormal karyotypes, including 31 cases (1.56%) with the number abnormalities (27 cases with autosome number distortion and 4 cases with sex chromosome number distortion), 12 cases (0.60%) with the structural abnormalities (9 cases with the chromosome balanced translocation and 3 cases with unbalanced translocation) and 6 cases (0.30%) with chimera. There were 226 cases (11.39%) with the chromosomal polymorphism mutation, including 20 cases (1.01%) with 9 chromosome percentric inversion, 78 cases (3.93%) with the satellite and petit polymorphism mutation of D/G group chromosome, 72 cases (3.63%) with the secondary constriction polymorphism mutation and 56 cases (2.82%) with big or small Y chromosome. Conclusions: Karyotype examination of amniotic fluid is very important for the diagnosis of fetal chromosomal diseases, especially for those pregnant women with the high risks under prenatal screening. Besides, it is helpful to evaluate the pregnancy outcomes and fetal genetic health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the clinical application of the chromosome karyotype of umbilical blood samples in genetic diagnosis. Methods: To analyze retrospectively the data of chromosome karyotype of umbilical blood samples in 2 036 newborns in our hospital from June to December 2013. The chromosome specimen was prepared by the method of conventional peripheral blood lymphocytes culture. Karyotype was analyzed by the G--banding technique. Results: Totally, there were 16 cases (0.79%) of chromosome abnormalities in 2 036 cases, including 13 cases(0.64%) with autosomal abnormalities and 3 cases(0.15%) with sex chromosome abnormalities. There were 3 cases of 21-trisomy(0.15%), a terminal deletion(0.05%), 3 cases of inversion(0.15%), a balanced translocation (0.05%), 3 cases of Robertsonian translocation (0.15%) and two cases of marker chromosome (0.10%) in those autosomal abnormalities. There were 2 cases of 47, XYY (0.10%) and a 46, XX, del (X) (0.05%) in those sex chromosome abnormalities. There were also 181 cases (8.89%) of polymorphic variation karyotypes. Conclusions: We can increase the rate of prenatal diagnosis by improving the prenatal education. Those newborns should be diagnosed early in neonatal phase if pregnant women with high risks did not get prenatal diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A planetary ball mill was used to treat the pyrolytic carbon black (CBp) of waste tire by dry modification with 3 types of modified resins, PA, PF-203 and Polstal-PC as the modifiers, the changes of physico-chemical properties and structure of CBp before and after modification were explored, and the effects of modified CBp on curing characteristics, cross-linking density, mechanical properties and dynamic mechanical properties of natural rubber were investigated. The results showed that the particle size of CBp decreased with the extension of milling time. The mo-dified resin Polstal-PC had the most obvious grinding effect, and compared with unmodified CBp, the total specific surface area of CBp modified by Polstal-PC increased from 65.1 m2/g to 97.4 m2/g and the specific surface area of the outer surface increased from 63.0 m2/g to 71.6 m2/g. All of the 3 type of modifiers contributed to vulcanization of natural rubber, and CBp modified by Polstal-PC could significantly improve tensile strength, modulus at 300% and cross-linking density of natural rubber vulcanizate, and the addition of CBp modified by tackifying resin PA could cause the decrease of modulus and cross-linking density. CBp modified by Polstal-PC had the best enhancement effect on natural rubber, and natural rubber vulcanizate showed the best comprehensive performance when the addition amount of CBp modified by Polstal-PC was 2 phr (mass, similarly hereinafter), and as far as CBp modified by Polstal-PC was concerned, the improvement of rolling resistance of natural rubber vulcanizate was better than the loss of wet skid resistance. However, storage modulus of natural rubber vulcanizate increased significantly when the addition amount of CBp modified by Polstal-PC was more than 3 phr.

Objective: Reduce the manufacturing cost of automated mango grading equipment. Methods: The effects of three commonly detection algorithms for mango defect detection were compared, and a defect detection algorithm based on YOLOv5 for mango surface was proposed for the light weight design to work on mobile devices. Results: Compared with the original algorithm, the experimental algorithm can reduce the number of parameters by 45.9%, the number of floating point operations by 46.7%, and the weight file size by 45.2% under the premise of meeting the requirements for mango surface defect detection. Conclusion: the experimental algorithm effectively reduces the performance requirements for deployment equipment, and has potential value in reducing the manufacturing cost of mango grading detection equipment.

The complex background suppression is difficult for infrared warning system detecting long distance target. A background suppression method based on pyramidal dual-tree directional filter bank was proposed for some dim and small targets and retina theory was introduced to improve its ability. Firstly, the filter bank was adopted to decompose the input infrared image into multiple scales and directions and extract the image's features. Then,, according to the difference between target and background clutter signal, the decomposed sub-band's coefficients were adjusted by using improved retina theory equations to suppress the background details and enhance target information. Several groups of experiment results demonstrate that the proposed method can detect the target with SCR > 1. 6 effectively, compared with several classical background suppression method, such as two-dimensional least means square (TDLMS) and max median (MMed) filters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to analyze the effect of matrine on tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)-induced inflammatory response in human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs) and explore whether the underlying mechanism was related to the miR-25-3p-mediated Krüppel-like factor 4(Klf4) pathway. The HUVEC cell inflammation model was induced by TNF-α stimulation. After 24 or 48 hours of incubation with different concentrations of matrine(0.625, 1.25, and 2.5 mmol·L~(-1)), CCK-8 assay was used to detect cell proliferation. After treatment with 2.5 mmol·L~(-1) matrine for 48 h, the expression of TNF-α, interleukin-6(IL-6), interleukin-1β(IL-1β), and Klf4 mRNA and miR-25-3p was detected by real-time fluorescence-based quantitative PCR, and the protein expression of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and Klf4 was detected by Western blot. The anti-miR-25-3p was transfected into HUVECs, and the effect of anti-miR-25-3p on TNF-α-induced cell proliferation and inflammatory factors was detected by the above method. The cells were further transfected with miR-25-3p and incubated with matrine to detect the changes in proliferation and expression of related inflammatory factors, miR-25-3p, and Klf4. The targeting relationship between miR-25-3p and Klf4 was verified by bioinformatics analysis and dual luciferase reporter gene assay. The results displayed that matrine could inhibit TNF-α-induced HUVEC proliferation, decrease the mRNA and protein expression of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, increase the mRNA and protein expression of Klf4, and reduce the expression of miR-25-3p. Bioinformatics analysis showed that there were specific complementary binding sites between miR-25-3p and Klf4 sequences. Dual luciferase reporter gene assay confirmed that miR-25-3p negatively regulated Klf4 expression in HUVECs by targeting. The inhibition of miR-25-3p expression can reduce TNF-α-induced cell proliferation and mRNA and protein expression of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. MiR-25-3p overexpression could reverse the effect of matrine on TNF-α-induced cell proliferation and the mRNA and protein expression of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and Klf4. This study shows that matrine inhibits the inflammatory response induced by TNF-α in HUVECs through miR-25-3p-mediated Klf4 pathway.

In view of the limitations of the high operational difficulty, safety hazards and adverse reactions of traditional fire needle, and unclear treatment parameters of existing electric fire needles, a new digital electric fire needle instrument was designed and developed in this study. This instrument is a gun type structure, consisting of a gun body, a power supply interface on the gun body, a display unit and a drive unit, a heating unit, a cooling unit, a positioning unit, and a needle inserting unit in the gun body. This instrument can digitally realize the regulation of parameters such as fire needle inserting temperature, depth and speed, and it has the advantageous features of intelligent needle burning, precise positioning, and safe and easy operation. This instrument meets the needs of more patients, medical professionals and scientific researchers, and is conducive to promoting the development of fire needle acupuncture therapy.

The paper introduces professor SHENG Can - ruo ' s experience in treatment of goiter with the combination of acupuncture and herbal medication. Professor SHENG believes that this disease is mostly related with emotional injury, improper diet and geographical and climatic factors, as well as body constitution. Qi stagnation, phlegm retention, blood stagnation and interaction of phlegm and stasis are the essential pathogenesis of goiter. Either acupuncture or herbal medication should focus on "phlegm and stasis" in treatment. Besides, the theory of western medicine should also be considered. In western medicine, thyroid enlargement is classified into Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ degrees of struma, thus, the pathogenesis and treatment with Chinese medicine should be adjusted accordingly. The created "four throat points", combined with acupuncture at distal points, relieve the local masses. The basic herbal formula is prepared and the couplet medicines are modified based on syndrome differentiation. The integrated acupuncture and herbal medication regulates emotions and provides a comprehensive treatment for goiter.

Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3) as a family member of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), have been defined as novel innate immune cells in the past decade. ILC3 include a variety of heterogenous subsets with different phenotypes and functions, which are mainly distributed in barrier organs such as the intestine, lung and skin. They play an important role in immune regulation, tissue repair and lymphoid tissue formation. However, in various inflammatory diseases, ILC3 become dysregulated and participate in the pathogenesis through secreting a series of cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-17, IL-22, interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) to modulate other immune cells and induce the formation of ectopic lymphoid structures. Therefore, it is of great significance to explore the phenotype and function of ILC3 in order to advance the understanding of inflammatory diseases and find new therapeutic targets. In this article, the phenotypic characteristics, biological functions and research progress of ILC3 in inflammatory diseases were reviewed.

We examined the regularity of distribution and chemical structure characteristics of organic carbon in soda alkaline fluvo-aquic soil aggregates after straw returning. We set up six different straw returning treatments in 2020, including 0 (CK), 2100 (ST 1 ), 4200 (ST 2 ), 6300 (ST 3 ), 8400 (ST 4 ) and 10500 kg·hm -2 (full straw returning, ST 5 ). We measured organic carbon (OC) content and infrared spectroscopy characteristics of aggregates and internal different components through physical fractionation method and infrared spectroscopy technology. The results showed that: 1) the OC content of soil and all aggregates increased with the increasing amount of returned straw; 2) different straw returning treatments significantly increased the content of light organic carbon (LOC) in 53-250 μm aggregates. Compared with CK, ST 3 and ST 4 treatments significantly increased the content of mineral-bound organic carbon (MOC) in 250-2000 μm aggregates and the content of fine particulate organic carbon (fPOC) in 53-250 μm aggregates. The OC content of different components in aggregates followed the order of LOC>MOC>POC. The fPOC content in 250-2000 μm aggregates was higher than that of coarse particulate organic carbon (cPOC); 3) the results of principal component analysis showed that OC chemical structure of different components in aggregates was seldom affected by the straw returning, but was mainly affected by particle size; 4) the OCs in >250 μm aggregates were mainly derived from aromatic carbon and polysaccharides. The OCs in 53-250 μm aggregates were mainly derived from carbohydrates, such as monosaccharides and polysaccharides, while the OC in <53 μm aggregates was mainly derived from aliphatic carbon, alkyl carbon, aromatic carbon and phenolic alcohols. Within different aggregates, LOC was mainly derived from aliphatic carbon, aromatic carbon and phenolic alcohols. Particulate organic carbon (POC) was mainly derived from carbohydrates. MOC was mainly derived from alkyl carbon. In summary, straw returning increased organic carbon content in soil aggregates in short term, but did not alter organic carbon chemical structure. The organic carbon chemical structures of the same particle size fractions in different aggregates were similar. The organic carbon content increased with the decreases of particle size, and the chemical structure tended to be stable. Therefore, straw returning promoted the fixation of organic carbon by saline soil aggregates in short term, but did not change their chemistry structural characteristics, indicating that the location and protection degree of soil organic carbon in aggregates were the main factors affecting the chemical structure of organic carbon.

This paper introduces the specific clinical experience of professor SHENG Can - ruo in treatment of peripheral facial paralysis with the combination of acupuncture-moxibustion and herbal medicine. Professor SHENG Can - ruo advocates "acupuncture-moxibustion for the external and herbal decoction for the internal", inventes "three facial points" and " jianei point" and experienced in "pair points" and "pair herbs". Professor SHENG rationally applies penetrating needling technique, mutually uses acupuncture-moxibustion and herbal medicine and determines the treatment in stages so that the remarkably clinical effect has been achieved on peripheral facial paralysis.

The cadmium (Cd) accumulation characteristics of seven rice varieties (Ningliangyou 1, Y Liangyou 1, Shenliangyou, Tailiangyou, Yuejingsimiao, Youzhanbahao, and Huang Huazhan) were studied by pot-culture experiments in two paddy soils (Maling, Yunbiao) with different high geological backgrounds, and the possible impacting factors were explored. The results indicated that:① The grain Cd contents of the seven rice varieties grown in the two soils did not exceed the national food safety standard (GB 2762-2017), and the grain Cd content of Shengliangyou was the lowest; ② The grain Cd content of the seven rice varieties planted in the soil of Maling was higher than those of Yunbiao; ③ The redundancy analysis revealed that the accumulation of Cd in grains was influenced by the plant height, surface area of root, total cadmium in the soil, and EC and Eh of the soil during the heading stage. The correlation analysis indicated that the leading impacting factor of the grain Cd accumulation varied. In the Maling soil, the grain Cd content was primarily related to the rice root length, while it was related to the aboveground rice biomass in the Yunbiao soil.

A highly specific electrochemical biosensor based on T-Hg~(2+)-T structure for fast screening trace Hg~(2+) in complex animal drug matrix was constructed by cyclic voltammetry(CV) and differential pulse voltammetry(DPV). In the presence of Hg~(2+), it can be specifically binded to the T base of DNA sequence on the surface of modified gold electrode, which changes the conformation of DNA molecule and the electrochemical signal. The concentration ratio of EDC/NHS, the concentration ratio of FC-DNA and the reaction time of the biosensor were optimized by the index of sensitivity and reproducibility in CV. The results showed that the stability of the biosensor was good within 3 days(RSD≤1.3%), the difference between batches was low(RSD=4.7%), and the specificity of the biosensor was high in the presence of interfering ions(As~(3+), Cd~(2+), Cu~(2+), Pb~(2+), Zn~(2+) and Fe~(3+)). DPV results showed that the peak current signal value has a linear relationship with the lgC&#95;((Hg)) over a concentration range from 0.1 nmol·L~(-1) to 1.0 μmol·L~(-1) with a detection limit of 0.066 nmol·L~(-1). Finally, the recovery rate tested in the matrix of animal medicine was satisfactory as 99.17%-101.3%, which can meet the needs of the determination of trace Hg~(2+) in the matrix of Bombyx Batryticatus, and provide a new idea for the rapid screening of trace heavy metals in the matrix of other types of complex traditional Chinese medicine.

Partial substitution of mineral fertilizers with organic manure is a key strategy for stable and increase crop yield accompanying with zero growth of mineral fertilizers. Based on recent stu-dies, we reviewed the effects of partial substitution of mineral fertilizers with organic manure on rice yield, nitrogen utilization efficiency, soil nitrogen fractions, and microbial nitrogen fixation, ammonification, nitrification, and denitrification in rice paddy ecosystems. We further compared the cha-racteristics of soil nitrogen cycle of mineral fertilizers alone and partial substitution of mineral fertili-zers with organic manure. The partial substitution altered key processes of nitrogen cycling, including enhancement of ammonification, mediation of nitrification and denitrification, reduction of ammonia volatilization and nitrogen loss, improved the status of nitrogen supplements (enriching the supplement of low-molecular-weight organic nitrogen, adjusting the distribution of inorganic nitrogen components, increasing the amount of microbial biomass nitrogen, and decreasing the loss of total nitrogen), improved soil nitrogen supply (increasing supply of small molecule organic nitrogen, coordinating inorganic nitrogen components and proportions, and increasing soil microbial biomass nitrogen and total nitrogen fixation), which promoted nitrogen uptake and regulated nitrogen allocation in rice plant to realize stability and enhancement of rice yield.

In order to comprehensively analyze the pollution level and bioaccessibility of different types of heavy metals and hazardous elements in animal medicine,this paper selected Bombyx Batryticatus as the research object,and used inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry( ICP-MS) to detect As,Cu,Hg,Pb,Ni,Cr,Zn and Cd. Based on the artificial gastrointestinal digestion model and the health risk assessment model of Chinese medicinal materials,the pollution level,in vivo and in vitro transfer rate and health risk grade of eight harmful elements in the above-mentioned medicinal materials of Bombyx Batryticatus were obtained respectively. The test result was found that under the ISO international standard of Chinese medicine-Chinese herbal medicine heavy metals,the unqualified rate was 50% for Bombyx Batryticatus,which including 2 batches of As and 4 batches of Cr exceeded the MRL. In artificial gastrointestinal digestion solution,the transfer rates of heavy metals As,Cu,Hg,Pb,Ni,Cr,Zn and Cd were 36. 849%,72. 372%,41. 152%,75. 354%,46. 603%,27. 981%,19. 707% and 76. 282%,respectively. The data of risk assessment model showed that the total THQ values of the most polluted batches for adults and children was 0. 021 548 and 0. 018 418,respectively. After digestion,the THQ values decreased to 0. 012 599 for adults and 0. 010 769 for children,which were still higher than the THQ standard values of animal medicine Bombyx Batryticatus. However,the CR value of carcinogenic risk is less than 1×10-6,so the potential non-carcinogenic risk caused by taking this batch of Bombyx Batryticatus medicines is higher and the carcinogenic risk can be ignored. To sum up,heavy metals and hazardous elements in Bombyx Batryticatus still exceed the standard,but the health risk level caused by heavy metals still needs to be investigated according to different medicinal materials,in order to provide data support for further improving the quality and safety of animal medicine.

With the improvement of living standard,the theory of &quot; medicine and food homology&quot; has developed rapidly in the field of diet,medicine and health preservation. In recent years,many literatures have been reported on the active ingredients and pharmacological effects of medicinal and edible plants,but relatively few reports have been reported on their safety investigation. Therefore,to further evaluate the quality and safety of medicinal and edible plants,Astragali Radix,Codonopsis Radix and Laminariae Thallus were selected as our research objects in this study. Moreover,the pollution level and the potential health risk of heavy metals were deeply assessed in different types of medicinal and edible plants. Especially,the contents of chromium,copper,arsenic,cadmium,mercury and lead in these three herbs were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry( ICP-MS),and their health risk level was evaluated by target hazard coefficient method. The results showed that under the international heavy metal limit standard( ISO 18664-2015,GB 2762-2017),the over-standard rates were 25%,77% and 100% in 16 batches of Astragali Radix,26 batches of Codonopsis Radix and 9 batches of Laminariae Thallus,respectively. Besides,the values of target hazard quotients( THQ) for adults and children are 0. 028 244,0. 063 505 and 0. 014 485,0. 032 568 in Astragalus membranaceus and Codonopsis pilosula,respectively,which were higher than the standard values of 0. 02 and 0. 011 25. While,the total heavy metals THQ values for adults and children are 0. 023 734 and 0. 020 287 in Laminariae Thallus,which were much higher than the standard values of 0. 008 0 and 0. 007 5. However,the CR values of As,Cd and Pb in the three herbs were lower than 1×10~(-6). Above results indicated that those six harmful elements have certain health hazards to the exposed population,but there is no potential carcinogenic effect. It can be seen that,there were still presence of the pollution of harmful elements,and it is necessary to establish the reasonable limit standards and quality control methods of medicinal and edible plants in time.

With the increase of global environmental changes and intensive anthropogenic activities, it is important to maintain and improve soil function. Here, we evaluated the effects of environmental stress (i.e., drying, high temperature and the combination of drying and high temperature) on soil functional stability (resistance and resilience) under three kinds of water management mea-sures, which included conventional-flooded cultivation, non-flooded with uncovered cultivation and non-flooded with straw mulching. Results showed that, compared to single environmental stress (drying or high temperature), combined stress led to lower soil fungal biomass, bacterial biomass, basal respiration, and soil functional resistance, and higher contents of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and NH 4 + -N after one day treatment of stress. Combined stress significantly decreased soil functional resilience after 56 days treatment of stress. Results from the correlation analysis showed that bacterial and fungal biomass were significantly related to soil resistance and resilience. Different water management measures could regulate the effects of environmental stress on soil functional stability. Non-flooded with straw mulching treatment significantly increased the contents of soil DOC, NH 4 + -N, fungal biomass and bacterial biomass, resulting in higher soil functional resistance and resilience compared with conventional-flooded cultivation and non-flooded with uncovered cultivation under both single and combined stress. In summary, non-flooded with straw mulching could improve soil functional stability under environmental stress, and it could be a suitable agricultural management for non-continuously flooded rice cultivation under multiple stresses.

Objective: To investigate the effects of metformin (Met) on middle-aged male mice aging induced by D-galactose., Methods: Fifty nine-month-old male ICR mice were fed in SPF experimental environment and fed freely with water. Subsequently, the mice were randomly divided into 5 groups(n=10): control group, model group, metformin low, medium and high dose groups(Met 50 mg/kg, Met 100 mg/kg, Met 200 mg/kg). The mice in different doses of Met group and model group were subcutaneously injected with D-galactose 100 mg/kg at the back of neck to induce senescence every day. At the same time, the mice were respectively treated with Met (50, 100, 200 mg/kg) or NS of equal volume by gavage. The control group was injected and gavage with equal volume NS. All treatments lasted for 8 weeks. During the study, the general condition, body weight, blood glucose,the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malonic dialdehyde (MDA) in serum and liver tissue of each mouse were tested, learning and memory ability were measured by Mirris water maze test, HE staining was used to observe the pathology of hippocampus in the mice., Results: Met 200 mg/kg per day could reduce body weight (P＜0.05). Met intervention had no effect on normal fasting blood glucose in model rats. Compared with model group, the daily dose of Met 50, 100, 200 mg/kg could significantly increase SOD activity in serum and liver tissues of model mice (P＜0.05) and decrease MDA content in serum of model mice (P＜0.05), and improve most of the indicators of learning and memory ability of Morris water maze test (P＜0.05). HE staining showed that the neurons with nuclear condensation and deep staining were obviously decreased in the dentate gyrus of hippocampus. Met intervention has dose-dependent effects on most indicators., Conclusion: Long-term treatment of Met can delay the aging process of middle-aged male mice induced by D-galactose, which may be related to reducing the weight of mice and enhancing the body's antioxidant level.

Poor nitrogen removal from municipal sewage is mainly due to insufficient carbon source and low C/N ratio. The A 2 /O pilot plant was established to investigate the accumulation rate of nitrous nitrogen and the removal of nitrogen pollutants by adjusting the ratio of anoxic/aerobic zoning and dissolved oxygen levels in the aerobic zone. The results showed that when DO is 2.0-2.5 mg·L -1 , changing the ratio of anoxic to aerobic zoning had little effect on the reaction system, and it was difficult to realize partial nitrification. When DO is 0.5-0.8 mg·L -1 , V Anoxic : V Aerobic =1:1, this is the best working condition of the system. The accumulation rate of nitrous nitrogen at the end of aerobic zone is stable at more than 62%, and the total nitrogen of effluent is reduced to 9.0 mg·L -1 , which can achieve the goal of deep denitrification. Analyzing the apparent activity of nitrifying bacteria, it was found that the SAOR and SNOR (according to N/VSS calculation) were 0.14 g·(g·d) -1 and 0.04 g·(g·d) -1 , respectively, under the optimum conditions. The difference between them was more obvious than that in other stages of the experiment, that is, the higher inhibition of NOB activity was the direct reason for the increase of nitrite accumulation rate. Illumina MiSeq sequencing showed that the number of NOB in this stage was significantly lower than that in other stages. Intermittent OUR method was used to analyze the composition of carbon sources at the inlet and outlet of the anoxic zone. The results showed that short-cut nitrification and denitrification could save 27.3% of the carbon sources under the optimal operating conditions. The biodegradable COD consumption in the anoxic zone was 63.6%, which was much higher than that in other stages.

Andrographolide is a main active ingredient in traditional Chinese medicine Andrographis paniculata，with a variety of pharmacological activity，widely used in clinical practice. However its biosynthetic pathway has not been resolved. Cytochrome P450 reductase provides electrons for CYP450 and plays an important role in the CYP450 catalytic process. In this study，the coding sequence of A. paniculata CPR was screened and cloned by homologous alignment，named ApCPR4. The ApCPR4 protein was obtained by prokaryotic expression. After isolation and purification，the enzyme activity was identified in vitro . The results showed that ApCPR4 could reduce the cytochrome c and ferricyanide in NADPH-dependent manner. In order to verify its in vivo function，ApCPR4 and CYP76AH1 were co-transformed into yeast engineering bacteria. The results showed that ApCPR4 could help CYP76AH1 catalyze the formation of rustols in yeast. Real-time quantitative PCR results showed that the expression of ApCPR4 increased gradually in leaves treated with methyl jasmonate (MeJA). The expression pattern was consistent with the trend of induction and accumulation of andrographolide by MeJA，suggesting that ApCPR4 was associated with biosynthesis of andrographolide., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

Protein complexes are involved in the synthesis of multiple secondary metabolites in plants, and their separation is essential to elucidate plant secondary metabolism and improve in vitro catalytic efficiency. In this study, the transgenic hairy roots of CYP76AH1, a key enzyme of tanshinone synthesis pathway, was constructed and the transgenic hairy roots of Danshen overexpressing CYP76AH1 protein were screened by Western blotting and used as a tissue culture material for the subsequent extraction of protein complex in tanshinone synthesis pathway. By optimizing the type and concentration of the detergent in the protein extraction buffer, the buffer containing 0.5% Triton X-100 was selected as the best extraction buffer, and a relatively large amount of soluble CYP76AH1 protein was isolated. This study lays the foundation for the further separation and purification of protein complexes interacting with CYP76AH1, and provides the idea for deep analysis of tanshinone metabolic pathway., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

Andrographis paniculata is widely used as medicinal herb in China for a long time and andrographolide is its main medicinal constituent. To investigate the underlying andrographolide biosynthesis mechanisms, RNA-seq for A. paniculata leaves with MeJA treatment was performed. In A. paniculata transcriptomic data, the expression pattern of one member of NAC transcription factor family (ApNAC1) matched with andrographolide accumulation. The coding sequence of ApNAC1 was cloned by RT-PCR, and GenBank accession number was KY196416. The analysis of bioinformatics showed that the gene encodes a peptide of 323 amino acids, with a predicted relative molecular weight of 35.9 kDa and isoelectric point of 6.14. To confirm the subcellular localization, ApNAC1-GFP was transiently expressed in A. paniculata protoplast. The results indicated that ApNAC1 is a nucleus-localized protein. The analysis of real-time quantitative PCR revealed that ApNAC1 gene predominantly expresses in leaves. Compared with control sample, its expression abundance sharply increased with methyl jasmonate treatment. Based on its expression pattern, ApNAC1 gene might involve in andrographolide biosynthesis. ApNAC1 was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli and recombinant protein was purified by Ni-NTA agarose. Further study will help us to understand the function of ApNAC1 in andrographolide biosynthesis., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

Purpose: To investigate the effect of periodontal treatment on patients with moderate to severe periodontitis at high risk of stroke, by detecting the level of serum soluble cell differentiation antigen 40 ligand (sCD40L) before and after periodontal non-surgical treatment., Methods: Seventy-six patients with moderate to severe periodontitis at high risk of stroke were collected and randomly divided into 2 groups, 40 patients in group A received essential periodontal treatment + routine maintenance therapy, 36 cases in group B only received routine maintenance therapy. Another 36 patients with moderate and severe periodontitis were selected as group C, and received essential periodontal treatment. Bleeding on probing (BOP), periodontal probing depth (PD) and attachment loss (AL) in 6 loci were examined by the same dentists, and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the level of serum sCD40L before treatment and 3 months after treatment. The data were analyzed by SPSS 17.0 software package., Results: Compared with pre-treatment, serum level of sCD40L and periodontal clinical indexes of the three groups decreased. Compared with group B, serum SCD40L in group A significantly decreased(P<0.05)., Conclusions: Periodontal treatment can reduce the serum level of sCD40L in patients with moderate to severe periodontitis at high risk of stroke, and improve the patient's inflammatory state. To a certain extent, periodontal treatment may reduce the risk of high-risk stroke population to develop stroke.

This paper was aimed to investigate the effect of oxymatrine on fat-induced insulin resistance mice（IR）, and to explore the effects of oxymatrine on oxidative stress and on p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) pathway. ApoE-/- mice with high fat diet for 16 weeks were selected as IR animal model and randomly divided into the model group, oxymatrine 25, 50, 100 mg•kg⁻¹ group. C57BL/6J mice were selected as the normal control group. Mice were gavage for 8 weeks. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), fatty acid (FFA) and serum insulin (FINS) in the plasma were detected. Activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in liver were detected. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) content in liver cells were detected by Flow cytometry. The expression of heme oxygenase-1(HO-1), γ-glutamyl cysteine synthetase (γ-GCS) of liver was examined by Real time PCR and Western blot. The protein expression of p38MAPK, p-p38MAPK was examined by Western blot. In the study, the authors found that oxymatrine reduced the levels of FBG, TC, TG and FFA, increased SOD and GSH-Px contents, decreased MDA and ROS content. Compared with model group, HO-1, γ-GCS mRNA and protein expression significantly increased in 50, 100 mg•kg⁻¹ oxymatrine group. The expression of p-p38MAPK decreased in oxymatrine group. The results showed that oxymatrine alleviate oxidative stress in hepatic by inhibiting the phosphorylation of p38MAPK, to ameliorate fat-induced insulin resistance mice., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

Objective: To explore the application of sinusitis mixture (SM) in endoscopic sinussurgery, thereby improving clinical curative rate of chronic sinusitis and nasal polyps., Methods: A totalof 50 chronic sinusitis patients were equally assigned to the experimental group (nasal douching by SM)and the control group (nasal douching by Compound Sodium Chloride Injection). Mucosa tissue 0.1 cmbefore natural opening was collected before surgery, at week 4, 12, and 24 after surgery. Changes ofmucosa cilia cells, goblet cells, stroma of mucosal membrane, inflammatory cells, and mucous glandwere observed. The numbers of goblet cells in the upper epithelia and ciliated cells, as well as their ratioswere calculated., Results: There was statistical difference in cavity cleaning time, cavity mucosal epithelization time, numbers of goblet cells in the upper epithelia and ciliated cells, as well as their ratio between the two groups (t = -2.342, -2.015, -2.145, respectively; P < 0.05)., Conclusion: SM could effectively promote and accelerate cleaning and mucosal epithelization of functional endoscopic sinus surgery, and significantly promote mucosal ciliary structure and function recovery of ostium-meatus nasicomplex.

In this study, we investigated the effects of two strains of probiotic bacteria (Bacillus megaterium BM and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BA) combined with chemical fertilizers and vermicompost on the soil property, the yield and quality of tomato. The results showed that under the same nutrient level, vermicompost significantly increased the yield, soluble sugar and protein contents of fruit, the soil pH and available phosphorus when compared with chemical fertilizers. Vermicompost combined with probiotics not only increased the tomato yield, soluble sugar, protein and vitamin C contents, sugar/acid ratio of fruit, and reduced the organic acid and nitrate nitrogen contents of fruit, also increased the soil pH and nitrate nitrogen content, and reduced soil electric conductivity when compared with vermicompost treatment. This improved efficiency was better than that by chemical fertilizers combined with probiotics. For BA and BM applied with chemical fertilizers or vermicompost, both stains had no significant effect on tomato quality. When co-applied with vermicompost, BA and BM showed significant difference in tomato yield. High soil available phosphorus content was determined when BM was combined with chemical fertilizers, while high soil available potassium content was obtained when BA was combined with vermicompost. Our results suggested that probiotics and vermicompost could be used as alternatives of chemical fertilizers in tomato production and soil fertility improvement.