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Extracting process of potassium fertilizer with potassium feldspar-phosphogypsum-coke system is a feasible industrialization route to utilize insoluble potassium resources, in which the reaction process of coke and phosphogypsum is the key to raise the potassium extraction rate. In this paper, the influence of the ratio of activated carbon to phosphogypsum on potassium extraction rate is studied under N2 or CO2 atmosphere. Two different roasting temperature systems, heating up with the furnace and feeding at constant temperature, are used to compare the potassium extraction rate and roasted products under different atmospheres. The results showed that as the content of activated carbon in the system increased, the potassium extraction rate increased first and then decreased. Under N2 atmosphere, the rate of potassium extraction in samples that heating with constant temperature is greater than that of samples heating with the furnace. In CO2 atmosphere, when the ratio of activated carbon to phosphogypsum is less than 3:6, the potassium extraction rate of samples heating with constant temperature is greater than that of samples heating with the furnace; when the ratio of activated carbon to phosphogypsum is greater than 3∶6, the potassium extraction rate of samples heating with the furnace is greater than that of samples heating with constant temperature.

China's vegetable oil industry has historically relied heavily on imports, which poses a substantial risk not only to national oil supply security but also across various domains including politics and economics. Given the intricate dynamics of global power competition, it is strategically imperative to optimize domestic land resource utilization efficiently while fostering ongoing advancements in agricultural science and technology. These measures are essential for bolstering vegetable oil production capacity domestically as well as diversifying import sources. By doing so effectively addresses potential security risks linked to edible vegetable oil supply chain disruptions while simultaneously safeguarding political stability, ensuring economic resilience, and promoting public welfare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A retrospective study was performed on 3 patients with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) who were characterized with thalamic lesions in MRI examination. Among 3 CVST cases, one were male, and 2 was female, aged from 17 to 68. All cases had risk factors of CVST such as acute dehydration and puerperium. The main clinical symptoms included headache, nausea and vomiting, hypomnesis, hemiplegia and coma. MRI examination showed one case with unilateral thalamic lesions and 2 cases with bilateral thalamic lesions. Magnetic resonance venography (MRV) and DSA revealed straight sinus lesions in 3 cases, inferior sagittal sinus lesions in 2 cases, superior sagittal sinus lesion in one case, and transverse sinus lesion in one case, respectively. The patients with unilateral or bilateral thalamic lesions, especially those who had risk factors of CVST, should be diagnosed correctly and timely. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2014.08.014

The article offers information on a study which observes the effects of adding non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) enzymes to high dietary fiber-based diets on production performance and incretion in growing geese. It notes that the study utilized 300 29-day old growing geese for the 28-day high dietary fiber-based diets containing various NSP enzyme levels. It mentions that there were significant findings in the conditions of both supplementations with 0.2% and 0.4% enzymes.

The calcination temperature is one of the main operation parameters needed to be regulated during the process of preparing sorbents. The reduction and sulfidation behaviors of 7F3M series mixed metal oxides sorbents with Fe/Mn atomic ratio of 7 : 3 were investigated, and the properties of pore structure and the forms of active components were characterized in this paper. The effects of calcination temperature on the special surface area, pore volume, and the forms and amounts of active component of Fe-Mn mixed oxides sorbent prepared were discussed. In addition, the relation between these effects and the capacities of sorbent removing H2S from hot coal gas was also analyzed under the conditions of different space velocity and sulfidation temperature. The results show that the specific surface area and pore volume of sorbent increase with the increase of calcination temperature, and they reach a maximum value at 600 °C. The sintering phenomenon on the surface of sorbent occurs when the calcination temperature continuously increases, which makes the specific surface area and pore volume of sorbent reduce sharply. The sulfidation temperature has a strong influence on the desulfurization capacity of sorbents through the reduction of sorbent and formation of Fe304 by H2 and CO contained in sulfidation gas. The Fe3 04 in sorbent is the optimal active species for the desulfurization of sorbent in hot coal gas and its amount can be adjusted by the sulfidation temperature and calcination temperature. The 7F3M600 sorbent has the best sulfidation performances at 500 °C and the space velocity of 2 000 h-1. The desulfurization rate of sorbent can reach over 99% and sustain for more than 30 h, in which the sulphur capacity of sorbent is up to 45.56 gS/100 g sorbent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neonicotinoid pesticides are a relatively new class of pesticides that have garnered significant attention owing to their potential ecological risks to nontarget organisms. A method combining solid phase extraction with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (SPE-LC-MS/MS) was developed for the rapid and accurate detection of eight neonicotinoid pesticides (dinotefuran, E -nitenpyram, thiamethoxam, clothianidin, imidacloprid, imidaclothiz, acetamiprid, and thiacloprid) in wastewater. The chromatographic mobile phase and MS parameters were selected, and a single-factor method was used to determine the optimal column type, extraction volume, sample loading speed, and pH for SPE. The optimal parameters were as follows: column type, HLB column (500 mg/6 mL); sample extraction volume, 500 mL; sample loading speed, 10 mL/min; and sample pH, 6-8. The matrix effects of the wastewater samples were reduced by optimizing the chromatographic gradient-elution program, examining the dilution factor of the samples, and using the isotope internal standard calibration method. Prior to analysis, the wastewater samples were diluted 5-fold with ultrapure water for pretreatment. Subsequently, 2 mmol/L ammonium acetate aqueous solution containing 0.1% (v/v) formic acid and methanol was used as mobile phases for gradient elution on a ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18 column (100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.8 μm). The samples were quantified using positive-ion multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode for 10 min. Imidacloprid-d4 was used as the isotope internal standard. The SPE process was further optimized by applying response surface methodology to select the type and mass of rinsing and elution solvents. The optimal pretreatment of the SPE column included rinsing with 10% methanol aqueous solution and elution with methanol-acetonitrile (1∶1, v/v) mixture (7 mL). The eight neonicotinoid pesticides showed satisfactory linearity within the relevant range, with linear correlation coefficients ( r ) all greater than 0.9990. The method detection limits (MDLs) ranged from 0.2 to 1.2 ng/L, and the method quantification limits (MQLs) ranged from 0.8 to 4.8 ng/L. The average recoveries of the eight neonicotinoid pesticides were in the range of 82.6%-94.2% at three spiked levels, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) ranging from 3.9% to 9.4%. Finally, the optimized method was successfully applied to analyze wastewater samples collected from four sewage treatment plants. The results indicated that the eight neonicotinoid pesticides could be generally detected at concentrations ranging from not detected (ND) to 256 ng/L. The developed method has a low MDL and high accuracy, rendering it a suitable choice for the trace detection of the eight neonicotinoid pesticides in wastewater when compared with other similar methods. The proposed method can be utilized to monitor the environmental impact and assess the potential risks of neonicotinoid pesticides in wastewater, thus promoting the protection of nontarget organisms and the sustainable use of these pesticides in agriculture.

Agarwood is a traditional and precious medicinal material and natural spice in China and other southeast Asian countries.As the head of all spices,agarwood has many pharmacological activities such as analgesia,antidiarrheal,anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects. Due to its high price and scarce resources,there were just a few previous studies on it,mainly focusing on the chemical compositions of the agarwood essential oil and solvent extract mixture. The components of agarwood oils obtained by supercritical extraction and steam distillation were analyzed by using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer( GC-MS),and then the agarwood oils compositions and contents were compared between the traditional extraction method and the recently emerging supercritical extraction method. Antioxidant experiments of scavenging DPPH,ABTS,hydroxyl radical,total reducing power and MIC experiments of five kinds of tester strains such as staphylococcus aureus were combined to illustrate the differences between these two kinds of agarwood oils in terms of antioxidant and bacteriostatic activities. The results showed that the main components of agarwood oil were sesquiterpenoids( 68. 68%) in steam distillation extraction method,but sesquiterpenoids( 23. 78%) and chromones( 29. 42%) in supercritical extraction method. Fourteen common components included benzyl acetone,α-santalol,γ-eudesmol,agarospirol and guaiol etc. The antioxidant activity and inhibitory MIC of agarwood oils in supercritical extraction method were better than those in steam distillation method,and the inhibitory effect of agarwood oil on the growth of bacillus subtilis was found for the first time.

Objective: To investigate whether RhoA/Rho-kinase contributes to the occurrence of chronic post-thoracotomy pain (CPSP) by up regulation of glutaminase 1 (GLS1) expression in the spinal dorsal cord., Methods: Twenty five male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were divided into control group (n=5) and model group (n=20). The rats in the model group were randomized into two sub groups (n=10) for observation on day 10 and day 21 after thoracotomy, and each group was further divided into CPSP and non CPSP groups according to the behavioral test results. All the rats were sacrificed after behavioral test for examination of GLS1 and RhoA expressions in the spinal cord using Western blotting and RT PCR. We also compared the effect of the Rho kinase inhibitor fasudil and saline, both injected intraperitoneally daily at 10 mg/kg for 7 consecutive days following thoracotomy, on CPSP and GLS1 expression in 30 male SD rats on day 21 after thoracotomy., Results: Compared with the control group, the rats with CPSP showed significantly increased expressions of GLS1 and RhoA mRNA in the spinal cord on both day 10 and day 21 following thoracotomy (P<0.01), but the rats without CPSP did not show obvious changes in GLS1 and RhoA expressions. In fasudil treated rats, the mechanical pain threshold was obviously increased and the expressions of GLS1 and RhoA were significantly reduced as compared with those in saline treated rats (P<0.01)., Conclusion: RhoA plays an important role in the occurence of CPSP by up-regulating the expression of GLS1 in the spinal dorsal cord of rats.

With concentrated phosphoric acid as catalyst and various organic solvents as liquefying agents, corn stalk powder was liquefied into bio-oil in an autoclave, under the condition of 170 ℃. Analysis was conducted to throw light on the liquefying effects of three different agents; they are glycerol triacetate with ethylene carbonate, glycerol with ethylene carbonate and polyethylene glycol with ethylene carbonate(6∶1 ω/ω), and the properties of the biomass liquefaction oil products. FT-IR was applied to examine raw material and residues, whose chemical compositions were further analyzed with the use of GC-MS. The results of experiments indicated that the liquefaction yield of polyethylene glycol was 97.84%, the yield of glycerol triacetate was 80.20%, the yield of glycerol were36.97%. FT-IR analysis showed that the functional groups of cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin was disappeared and liquefaction is best when polyethylene glycol with ethylene carbonate was used as the liquefaction agent. GC-MS analysis showed that the oil composition produced in this way is complex, contains organic acids and ketones, alcohols and ethers, aromatic, sugars and esters compounds.

Recently, more and more attentions of drug development are placed to macromolecules, such as monoclonal antibodies, proteins, etc. It has become one of the most promising areas in drug research and development in 21st Century. In terms of the structure and the ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity), macromolecules is different from small molecule drugs, which lead to a distinct modeling strategy. The characterization of biologics ADMET processes and its application in the PK model selection of macromolecules are reviewed in this paper.

With the advancements of stem cells and regenerative medicine, interspecies chimera has become a hot topic and will pave a new way of providing donor sources in organ transplantation. However, the interspecies chimera is confronted with a number of scientific questions and technical obstacles, including selections of appropriate embryonic stage and appropriate culture medium; those factors will deeply influence the developmental balance between donor cells and receptor embryos. Due to its relatively rapid reproductive cycle and similar organ size to human's, porcine is a very potential donor candidate to study these questions. To compare the development and chimeric efficiency of interspecies embryos, we tested and evaluated three different culture systems, PZM-3 (Porcine zygotic medium), culture medium for iPSCs (N2B27) and 3.5 h of N2B27 before PZM-3 (N2B27(3.5 h)), and two different embryonic stages, 8-cell and blastocyst in mouse-porcine chimeric embryos using parthenogenetically activated porcine embryos and mouse induced pluripotent stem cells (miPS). The results showed that, PZM-3 was beneficial for both development of chimeric embryos and miPSCs proliferation in porcine embryos in the 8-cell injection group. After early blastocyst injection, the chimeric efficiency did not appear significantly different among the three culture systems but was lower than 8-cell injection. In summary, the results suggest that 8-cell injection and PZM-3 culture medium are more beneficial to the in vitro development and chimeric efficiency of mouse-porcine chimeric embryos.

Objective: To assess the effects of dexmedetomidine (Dex) on propofol dosage in target-controlled infusion (TCI) and hemodynamics in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery under general anesthesia., Methods: Sixty patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery under general anesthesia were randomly divided into control group (n=30) and the Dex group (n=30). The patients in Dex group received a loading dose of Dex (1 µg/kg, infused within 10 min) before the surgery followed by continuous infusion at the rate of 0.3 µg·kg(-1)·h(-1) till the end of the surgery, and the control patients received saline infusion in the same manner. Heart rate, blood pressure, bispectral index (BIS), and propofol dose in TCI were recorded during induction and maintenance of anesthesia. The incidence of hypotension and bradycardia were observed during and after the surgery., Results: No difference was found in the incidence of hypotension and bradycardia between the control group and Dex group (P>0.05), but heart rate and blood pressure were lower in Dex group during extubation (P<0.05). The dose of propofol in TCI was significantly less in Dex group than in the control group (P<0.05)., Conclusion: Dex can reduce hemodynamic abnormalities caused by extubation and decrease the dosage of propofol in TCI, and may serve as an ideal adjuvant drug for general anesthesia.

Objective: To compare the efficacy differences between round-sharp needle of new nine-needle and elongated needle for piriformis syndrome, and explore its action mechanism., Methods: Eighty cases were randomly divided into a round-sharp needle of new nine-needle group (round-sharp needle group) and an elongated needle treatment group (elongated needle group), 40 cases in each group. The round-sharp needle group was treated with round-sharp needle (0.60 mm x 125 mm) at three points in piriformis with triple puncture method, while the elongated needle group was treated with elongated needle of ordinary specifications (0.32 mm x 125 mm) at three points in piriformis with triple puncture method. Besides, the two groups were also treated with routine acupuncture at Weizhong (BL 40) and Yanglingquan (GB 34), 3 times every week, 2 weeks as one course of treatment. After one course of treatment, the clinical effect was evaluated and the pain threshold values were measured before and after treatment in the two groups., Results: The total effective rate in the round-sharp needle group was 92.5% (37/40), which was superior to 77.5% (31/40) in the elongated needle group (P < 0.05). Compared before treatment, the pain threshold values after treatment in two groups were improved significantly (both P < 0.01). The increment of pain threshold value in the round-sharp needle group was higher than that in the elongated needle group (P < 0.01)., Conclusion: Round-sharp needle of new nine-needle is effective in treatment of piriformis syndrome and is better than ordinary elongated needle, which is related to that it can effectively increase pain threshold value of the local tissue.

Objective: To analyze the result of the national technique competition for diagnosis of parasitic diseases in 2012, so as to understand the capability of detection on Plasmodium parasites among professionals from institutes for disease control and prevention at different levels., Methods: Four professionals from institution were selected as contestants (age < or = 45 and at least two contestants from county-level institution). The content of the competition included making thick and thin blood slides of Plasmodium (3 slides in 30 min, 10 scores as full marks and 6 as passing score) and identification of species and number with microscopy (5 slides, 8 min per slide, 30 scores as full marks and 18 as passing score). All contestants were grouped by gender, age, professional title, level of institution, classification according to malaria endemicity, geographical location and economic development of the province. Their scores were statistically analyzed by SPSS 16.0 software., Results: The average score of blood smear making test in 120 contestants from 30 provinces was 8.7, the highest was 10 and the lowest was 5.8, 118 (98.3%) contestants passed the test. The average score of blood smear reading was 16.0, the highest was 29 and the lowest was 0, 52 (43.3%) contestants passed the test. There were no significant differences for the scores among genders, ages (< or = 30, 31-40, > 40), professional titles (junior, intermediate and senior), institution levels (provincial, municipal or county level) (P > 0.05). However, there was a significant difference among provinces with different malaria endemicity, geographical location and development status (P < 0.05). For the blood slide-making and film-reading, scores of contestants from malaria endemic provinces including Class I (9.29 +/- 0.41, 18.17 +/- 6.42), Class II (8.92 +/- 0.79, 18.31 +/- 6.94) and Class III (8.61 +/- 0.89, 15.63 +/- 7.52) were higher than those from non-endemic provinces (7.95 +/- 1.00, 10.19 +/- 7.01) (P < 0.01). Scores of contestants from southern provinces (9.16 +/- 0.61, 18.82 +/- 6.78) were significantly higher than that from northern ones (8.30 +/- 0.99, 13.23 +/- 7.45) (P < 0.01). The film-reading scores were significantly higher in those from eastern provinces (18.20 +/- 6.88) than those from western (13.39 +/- 7.60) (P < 0.05), while no significant difference was found in blood slide-making (P > 0.05)., Conclusion: The capability of malaria parasite detection is imbalanced.

Objective: To analyze the relevant information of echinococcosis cases from the National Web-based Infectious Diseases Report System in China in 2011., Methods: Data of echinococcosis in 2011 were collected from the Report System of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. SPSS 16.0 software was used to analyze the data., Results: A total of 3 225 cases were reported in 2011, including 1 death and 3 013 effective cases. The three provinces (autonomous region) with high incidence were Xinjiang (occupying 41.5%, 1251/3013), Gansu (16.9%, 509/3 013) and Qinghai (12.0%, 363/3 013). Cases distributed in all age groups, with the highest incidence in the group of 31-40-year-old. Male to female ratio was 1:1.01. The incidence of farmers and herdsmen was highest., Conclusion: In 2011, the reported cases are mainly distributed in Xinjiang, Qinghai, Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Ningxia, Sichuan and Tibet. Echinococcosis is mainly prevalent in western China.

Objective: To construct a lamivudine-resistant plasmid containing 1.2 unit genome of duck hepatitis B virus and identify its replication and drug-resistance in avian LMH hepatica cells., Methods: The recombinant plasmid PBS-DHBV1.2 was constructed using the 1.2-genome length DHBV DNA sequence from a dimer DHBV genome with pcDNA3.1 as the template. With site-directed mutagenesis, we obtained PBS-DHBV1.2-M512V plasmids with polymerase gene mutation from PBS-DHBV1.2. Two constructed plasmids were transiently transfected into LMH cells using FuGENETM6 transfection reagent and cultured in the medium containing different concentrations of lamivudine. Southern blot hybridization was performed to detect DHBV replication intermediates., Results: PCR amplification, restriction digestion and plasmid sequencing all confirmed successful construction of PBS-DHBV1.2-M512V recombinant plasmid. Southern blot analysis identified the presence of all the expected DHBV replication intermediates in LMH cells. The replication capacity of the mutant plasmid was decreased by 2.7 times compared with that of the wild plasmid. The IC(50) of lamivudine was 37.12∓8.81 ng/ml for the mutant, greater than that of the wild plasmid (10.90∓4.80 ng/ml)., Conclusion: Compared with the wild plasmid, the mutant plasmid has a lower replication capacity and sensitivity to lamivudine in vitro.

The enzymatic modification mechanism of lignin small molecular lignin guaiacyl coniferyl alcohol existing in softwood and hardwood treated by laccase was studied. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), FTIR spectrum and PCD(particle charge detector) etc were used for the measurement. GC-MS could not detect the coniferyl alcohol monomer after treated by laccase, so it was speculated that coniferyl alcohol participated in the reaction totally, and the structure of coniferyl alcohol was changed. GPC demonstrated that the molecular weight of coniferyl alcohol increased when it was treated by laccase, and coniferyl alcohol was polymerized. FTIR spectrum determined the reaction point of coniferyl alcohol when treated by laccase, and it is mainly phenolic hydroxyl, aromatic ring side chain substituent such as methoxy, double bound in side chain, beta-carbonyl groups, and gamma-carbonyl groups. PCD gave a result that the cationic demandv(CD) decreased by 88.38%.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of ilaprazole enteric tablets on intragastric pH in duodenal ulcer patients., Methods: A randomized, double blind, positive controlled clinical trial was carried out. A total of forty-two patients with duodenal ulcer were randomized into low dose ilaprazole group (5 mg/d), medium dose ilaprazole group (10 mg/d), high dose ilaprazole group (20 mg/d) and omeprazole group (20 mg/d). An ambulatory 24 hour intragastric pH study was performed at the fifth treatment day. Fraction time pH above 3, 4 or 5, median values of 24 hour diurnal pH and 12 hour nocturnal pH, the percentage of patients with total time pH above 3, 4 or 5 at least for 18 hours were evaluated., Results: There were no significant differences of fraction time pH above 3 or 4, median values of 24 hour diurnal pH and 12 hour nocturnal pH and the percentage of patients with total time pH above 3, 4 or 5 at least for 18 hours among all the groups with different doses of ilaprazole and the omeprazole group. The fraction time pH above 5 in medium and high dose ilaprazole groups were (87.96 + or - 12.29)% and (89.86 + or - 15.18)% respectively, which was higher than that in low dose ilaprazole group [(67.17 + or - 30.16)%] and omeprazole group [(76.14 + or - 16.75)%], P < 0.05., Conclusion: Ilaprazole has a strong effect on intragastric acid control with a dose dependent trend.

Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of Qianliean Suppository in the treatment of chronic prostatitis of damp-heat and blood-stasis syndrome., Methods: We conducted a randomized, single-blind, parallel-controlled, multi-centered clinical trial among 467 subjects, who were assigned to a trial group (n = 349) and a control group (n = 118), the former treated with Qianliean Suppository anally one pill per night for 28 days and the latter given Yejuhua Suppository in the same way. The efficacy was evaluated by the TCM syndrome, NIH-CPSI, main clinical symptoms and WBC count in EPS., Results: After the treatment, the total rates of recovery, excellence and effectiveness for the TCM syndrome were 4.4%, 58.0% and 90.7% respectively in the trial group, significantly higher than 0.9%, 33.1% and 70.4% in the control group (P < 0.025). Remarkable decreases were observed in the NIH-CPSI total score and the scores on pain and discomfort, voiding symptoms and quality of life in the former group compared with the latter (P < 0.025). The trial group also showed a marked alleviation of such main chronic prostatitis symptoms as urgent micturition and perineal pain and discomfort (P < 0.05), as well as an obvious improvement (55.2%) of the WBC count in EPS as compared with 32.4% in the control group (P < 0.05). No serious adverse events occurred in either of the two groups (0.56% [2/349 ] vs 0.83% [1/118])., Conclusions: Qianliean Suppository is safe and effective for the treatment of chronic prostatitis of damp-heat and blood-stasis syndrome.

Objective: To assess the clinicopathological features and molecular genetic changes of multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma (MCRCC)., Methods: All the data reviewed were from the files of pathology department of Changhai hospital collected from 1990 to 2006. In totally 706 cases of renal cell carcinoma studied, there were 21 MCRCC cases identified. The clinical and pathological features were assessed, immunohistochemical staining was performed, and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and microsatellite instability (MSI) were assessed using four microsatellite markers on chromosomes 3, 9 and 14., Results: Of the 21 patients, the age ranged from 34 to 72 years (mean 50 years), 19 were male and two female. Tumors were found incidentally in 18 patients during physical examination, three patients had anemia or microhematuria. Among the 21 patients, 10 tumors were in the left kidney and 11 in the right. Eighteen patients were stage T1, two stage T2, and one stage T3 with perinephric tissue involvement. Follow up information was available in 20 patients, all showed no evidence of tumor recurrence or metastasis. Grossly, the tumor size ranged from 0.3 cm to 10.0 cm in the greatest dimension, consisting of multilocular cysts with variable sizes which contained light yellow, colloid or hemorrhagic fluid. The septae varied in thickness (ranged 0.1 cm to 0.5 cm, mean 0.2 cm). Microscopically the cysts were lined by single to multilayered epithelial cells with clear or lightly eosinophilic cytoplasm. There were clusters of clear cells seen in the septae stroma. Sixteen tumors were of Fuhrman grade 1, and five were of Fuhrman grade 2. Immunohistochemically, the clear cells were positive for vimentin, ABC, CAM5.2 and EMA. Six samples were positive for CD10, and 16 were positive for NSE. Among 21 patients, PCR amplification was successful in 11 patients. Microsatellite alterations were found in five patients. LOH was observed in 3 of 11 MCRCC (27%), two were at D3S1560 locus, and one at D14S617 locus. MSI frequency was identified in 2 of 11 MCRCC (18%), locating at D9S168 or D14S617 locus, respectively., Conclusions: MCRCC is an uncommon tumor of kidney, constituting 2.9% of all RCC enrolled into the study. It has distinctive clinical and pathological characteristics with an excellent outcome. Results indicated that MCRCC is a rare entity with low malignant potential.

To study the enzyme kinetics of schizandrin metabolism in different gender in rat liver microsomes, liver microsomes were prepared from male or female rats. Schizandrin was incubated with rat liver microsomes. Schizandrin and its metabolites were isolated and identified by HPLC-UV method. Vmax, Km and Cl(int) of schizandrin in male and female rat liver microsomes were (21.88 +/- 2.30) and (0.61 +/- 0.07) micromol x L(-1) x min(-1) x mg(-1) (protein), (389.00 +/- 46.26) and (72.64 +/- 13.61) micromol x L(-1), (0.0563 +/- 0.0007) and (0.0084 +/- 0.0008) min x mg(-1) (protein), respectively. The major metabolites of schizandrin in female and male rat liver microsomes were 7,8-dihydroxy-schizandrin (M1) and 7, 8-dihydroxy-2-demethyl schizandrin (M2b), respectively. Ketoconazole, quinidine, and orphenadrine had different level effects on schizandrin metabolism in both male and female rat liver microsomes, and cimetidine still had some inhibitory effect in male liver microsomes. CYP3A and CYP2C11 may be the main P450 enzymes in schizandrin metabolism and their difference in rat liver microsomes may be the main reason for the sex difference of metabolic enzyme kinetics and metabolites of schizandrin in rats.

The aim of this paper is to develop and validate a rapid and sensitive LC-APCI/MS method for the determination of triptolide (TP) in plasma and to study the pharmacokinetic properties of TP in Beagle dogs. Sample preparation consisted of liquid-liquid extraction of interests. with ethyl acetate from dog plasma. The analytes and internal standard prednisolone were well separated on a Zorbax Extend-C18 analytical column. Plasma TP was detected by selected-ion monitoring (SIM) of LC-APCI/MS as its deprotonated molecular ions [M - H] - at m/z 358.9. Pharmacokinetic studies were undertaken in dogs following an iv dose of 0.05 mg x kg(-1) of TP or an ig dose of 0.05, 0.08, 0.1 mg x kg(-1), separately. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by DAS software. Calibration curves were linear over the concentration range of 1 - 200 ng x mL(-1) of TP with the within- and between-batch precisions less than 10%. The within and between-batch accuracy was 95.0% to 105.0%. Recovery of LC-MS method for TP in plasma was over 75%. The T1/2beta was (2.5 +/- 0.8) h after intravenous administration of TP at the dose of 0.05 mg x kg(-1). There were no significant differences in T(max), T1/2 alpha and T1/2 beta among the three ig dosage groups. AUC and C(max) increased proportionally with doses. The absolute bioavailability of TP after ig administration of 0.05 mg x kg(-1) was (75 +/- 17)%. The LC-MS method for determination of triptolide in dog plasma was sensitive and rapid. It was showed that the elimination of triptolide was rapid. The absolute bioavailability of triptolide given orally was high.

Objective: To provide an cell model of immortalized lymphoblstoid B-cell lines for studying the biological characteristics of full-length hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome carrying the hot-spot mutations V60, G87, and L97., Methods: V60, G87, and L97 mutation points were introduced into HBV p3.8 II plasmid containing 1.2 copy of HBV genome by means of site-directed mutagenesis. The HBV genome was amplified by PCR from p3.8 II and p3.8 II-V60, G87, L97 plasmid, and the PCR product was inserted into EBO-plpp eukaryotic expression vector. The recombinant vectors and the EBO-plpp vector were transfected into immortalized human lymphoblasts with lipofectamine 2000 and selected with hygromycin. Steady expression of the target genes was determined by RT-PCR, Western blotting and microparticle enzyme immunoassay., Results: DNA sequence analysis indicated that the desired mutation was introduced into wild-type HBV DNA. HBsAg, HBeAg and HBcAg could be detected in EBO-HBV-transfected cell lysate or culture supernatant., Conclusion: Transfectants that stably express HBV mutant antigen may provide a cell model to study the biological characteristics of HBV carrying hot-spot mutation in vitro.

Aim: To establish immortalized B lymphoblast cell line (BLCL) from patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in vitro., Methods: The peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated from the patients with CHB by routine method and incubated with EB virus (EBV) in the presence of CpG DNA motifs and cyclosporin A (CysA) for about 28 days. Morphological characteristic of the established immortalized BLCL was observed by microscope and the expression of CD19 and CD23 on cellular surface was determined by flow cytometry., Results: BLCL was successfully established and could be cultured and propagated for a long time in vitro., Conclusion: EBV-immortalized BLCL provides a resource of target cells for further research on the cellular immunity of patients with CHB.

Objective: To clone and analyze the genome of a duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) strain isolated from the ducks found in the local area., Methods: The complete genome of DHBV was amplified by PCR prior to cloning into T vector and sequencing, with also homology and phylogenetic analyses., Result: Genome comparison of an isolated DHBV strain and 16 DHBV strains in GenBank revealed a homology of 89.4% to 99.3% at the nucleotide level, and the amino acid identity of the 3 open reading frames showed that the P region harbored more obvious variations than the other regions., Conclusion: The isolated DHBV strain might belong to a subtype of the virus found in the western countries.

The enhancement of the Resonance Light Scattering (RLS) due to Victory blue-B on the molecular surface of DNA in alkalescence solution was studied. A method of resonance light scattering was developed to determine DNA. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was studied in the range of pH 9.0-10.5. The effects of interference substances and optimization of procedure were investigated and a new method was established for the determination of DNA at nanogram level based on RLS measurement. The linear range of the DNA is 0-3.0 mg x L(-1) with a correlation coefficient of 0.9978. The detection limit is 21.5 microg x L(-1). The method has been applied to the determination of DNA in mixed samples with satisfactory result.

Objective: To clone the DNA of a TT virus (TTV) variant isolated from a patient with elevated alanine transaminase (ALT) of unknown etiology, and conduct sequence analysis., Methods: The long fragment of TTV DNA was amplified by nested PCR and then cloned into pGEM-T vector. A clone named 56-B containing 3.2 kb TTV DNA was selected for sequence analysis besides homology analysis with other 5 TTV variants retrieved from GenBank, and phylogenetic analysis was carried out by maximum likelihood method., Results: The nucleotide identities of 56-B with the other 5 TTV strains TA278, JA10, US35, SANBAN and TUS01 were 42.4%, 48.2%, 47.9%, 49.8 % and 61.7 % respectively, and the corresponding amino acid identities were even lower. Phylogenetic analysis showed that 56-B was far from other TTV strains in genetic distance that ranged from 0.344 to 0.458. However, the sequences in the 5'- and 3'-end were still much conservative., Conclusion: The isolated 56-B showed high heterogeneity in genetic background and was therefore quite distinct from other TTV strains as a novel TTV variant that represents a new TTV genotype.