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In order to improve the diversity of adversarial samples and the success rate of attacks, a GAN image adversarial sample generation method is proposed. Firstly, the original sample set is used to train a deep convolutional generative adversarial network G1 to simulate the distribution of the original sample set. Secondly, in the black box attack scenario, the model distillation method is used to copy the target model in black box to obtain the local copy of the target model. Then the output of G1 is taken as input and the distillation model as the target model to train the generative adversarial network G2. In the case of target attack, the target category is also needed to be entered. G2 is used to generate the disturbance of the input data against the target category. Finally, the sample and the disturbance are added and the pixel gray value interval is normalized to obtain the adversarial sample. Experimental results show that under the same input conditions, the average of SSIM index, MI index and Cosin similarity of the image generated by this method are reduced by 50.7%, 10.96% and 28.7% respectively, the average MSE (mean square error) value and Hamming distance of fingerprint are increased by 7.6% and 1974.80 respectively, and the average attack success rate of the model under the MNIST dataset and the CIFAR10 dataset is above 95%.

Objective To construct recombinant adenovirus expressing augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR) gene and investigate its anti-apoptosis effect. Methods Recombinant shuttle vector pAdTrack-TO4-mALR and pAdTrack-TO4-hALR were constructed by recombinant DNA technology and recombinant adenovirus Ad-GFP-mALR and Ad-GFP-hALR were acquired by homologous recombination. After four cycles of amplification, high titers of the recombinant adenovirus Ad-GFP-mALR and Ad-GFP-hALR were obtained. The expression of green fluorescent protein was detected to evaluate the infection efficiency of Ad-GFPmALR and Ad-GFP-hALR, Western blotting was applied to assess the expression of ALR and Bcl-2/Bax protein, and CCK-8 assay was used to evaluate the proliferation activity of L02 cells when L02 cells were infected with either Ad-GFP-mALR or Ad-GFPhALR. Flow cytometry was utilized to detect the L02 cells' apoptosis rate induced by palmitic acid (PA). Results pAdTrack-TO4mALR, pAdTrack-TO4-hALR, Ad-GFP-mALR and Ad-GFP-hALR were constructed successfully; the recombinant adenovirus Ad-GFP-mALR and Ad-GFP-hALR could infected L02 cells efficiently and expressed steadily in L02 cells. The L02 cells infected with either Ad-GFP-mALR or Ad-GFP-hALR had significantly increased proliferation activity compared with those uninfected and those infected with Ad-GFP. L02 cells with the infection of either Ad-GFP-mALR or Ad-GFP-hALR had significantly lower apoptosis rate, enhanced the Bcl-2 expression and decreased the Bax expression when L02 cells were treated with palmitic acid compared with those uninfected and those infected with Ad-GFP. Conclusion Recombinant adenovirus Ad-GFP-mALR and Ad-GFP-hALR here have been constructed successfully and the over expression of either mALR or hALR has the ability to promote the proliferation activity of L02 cells and the effect against L02 cell apoptosis induced by palmitic acid. DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2016.07.08

As a type of nuclear-related protein with various functions, high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) plays an important role in the development of liver tumors, particularly in the inflammatory microenvironment. In hepatocellular carcinoma, HMGB1 is an important inflammatory mediator that can promote the development of a series of signaling pathways. Meanwhile, in the inflammatory microenvironment of the tumor itself, HMGB1 can promote inflammation through related signaling molecules, and further cause the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. The mechanism of HMGB1 causing tumor development in the inflammatory microenvironment is a topic of interest for the diagnosis and treatment of tumors. This paper aims to summarize the current roles of HMGB1 in the inflammatory microenvironment of the liver and in the development and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2015.02.15