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Protein-based plant immune inducers are special compounds that can induce plant defense responses. They are mainly derived from pathogenic microorganisms, biocontrol microorganisms, host plants, and host-pathogen interaction processes. Protein elicitors improve plant resistance by triggering plant pathogen-associated molecular patterns to trigger immunity and effectors to trigger immune responses that frequently involve reactive oxygen species, Ca2+, salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, gibberellin, and ethylene cascade signaling pathways. They can bolster plant resistance against bacterial, fungal, and viral diseases, as well as environmental stress. Here we summarize the sources, mechanisms of action, and current applications of protein-based elicitors, identify existing problems, and outline future development trends. We propose that future research should focus on improving the persistence and stability of these elicitors, exploring the combined use of multiple elicitors or their combination with other agents, and their application in plant breeding., aiming for developing green biopesticides using protein-based elicitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]