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Hyperuricemia is a metabolic disease caused by a disorder of purine metabolism. The prevalence of hyperuricemia is about 13.3% in Chinese adults. Hyperuricemia is not only the most important risk factor for gout, but also closely associated with target organs damage. The uric acid-lowering drugs currently used in clinical practice have certain side effects and most of them are costly to treat. Nutrients are essential for the maintenance of basic body functions. Studies have found that nutrients such as folic acid, vitamin C, serum phosphorus, and serum magnesium are negatively associated with the risk of hyperuricemia, suggesting that nutritional therapy may be a potential strategy to prevent and treat hyperuricemia.This article provides a review of the pathogenesis, complications, and treatment advances of hyperuricemia.