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Strengthening the infectious disease prevention and control system at the frontier ports of China is the top priority of biosecurity considering the frequent outbreak of infectious diseases worldwide. This study analyzed the current status of biosecurity defense capabilities and systems at frontier ports of China from the aspects of biosafety status, sanitary and quarantine lines, and organizational structure for infectious disease prevention and control at ports. It also explored the weaknesses regarding the prevention and control of infectious disease at frontier ports through the comparison with European countries and the United States. Specifically, problems exist, including multi-sector and piecemeal management, decentralized formulation of the infectious disease surveillance and early warning network, deficiency in biosecurity situation perception, and uneven level of port health and quarantine capacities. Furthermore, several suggestions were proposed. First, an inter-departmental mutual-recognition mechanism needs to be established and the normalization of an infectious disease joint prevention and control mechanism should be promoted, thus to enhance information sharing among departments. Second, it is necessary to build infectious disease monitoring sites overseas, establish a mechanism of health and quarantine officers, improve outbound biosecurity risk monitoring by establishing a multipoint-trigger earlywarning mechanism, and actively participate in the international public-health cooperation network. Third, we should strengthen the capacities of port laboratories to detect and identify pathogens, promote the development of testing equipment suitable for frontier port application scenarios, and accelerate the construction of a frontier port biosecurity resource bank.

In order to explore the effects of cigarette size on the quality of cigarettes, cigarettes of four sizes (circumference x length: conventional cigarette 24.3 mm x 84 mm, 22 mm cigarette 22 mm x 84 mm, slim cigarette 20 mm x 89 mm, super slim cigarette 16.9 mm x 97 mm) were made under the same cut tobacco, filling density, air permeability of cigarette paper, tipping paper specification, tow material and draw resistance of filter rod. After the evaluation of physical indexes, smoke indexes, aroma component contents and sensory quality, the results showed that: 1) When cigarette size gradually varied from conventional to super slim, the cut tobacco content in single cigarette decreased, cigarette draw resistance increased, cigarette hardness decreased, and the ventilation rate of tobacco filler more than doubled. There was a good linear relationship between the draw resistance of tobacco filler and the reciprocal of the cigarette circumference square. 2) When the cigarette size varied from conventional to super slim, the puff number decreased by 0.92 puff/cig. The releases of tar, nicotine and CO in mainstream cigarette smoke presented an overall decreasing trend. The puffing ratio and the tobacco consumption of a single puff increased first and then decreased, those of slim cigarette were the highest, which were 29.37% and 19.98 mg/puff respectively. In addition, the tar release of a single puff from the slim cigarette was the highest. 3) The particulate aroma components of a single puff and their total amount from the slim cigarettes were the highest. When cigarette size varied from conventional to super slim, the contents of heterocyclic compounds in mainstream smoke increased first and then decreased, and the contents of 3-methyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one, 3-vinylpyridine and phenol in a single puff increased significantly. 4) The overall evaluation score of sensory quality of the slim cigarette was the highest, while that of the super slim cigarette was the lowest. As cigarette circumference decreased, the evaluation scores of aroma component contents, smoke concentration and smoke irritancy all reduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the risk factors of anxiety and depression in patients with suspected coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) so as to achieve early intervention and better clinical prognosis., Methods: Seventy-six patients with suspected COVID-19 in fever isolation wards of Second Hospital of Lanzhou University were enrolled From January 31, 2020 to February 22, 2020. Their clinical baseline data were collected. The anxiety of patients was assessed by Hamilton Anxiety Scale, and the depression of patients was assessed by Hamilton Depression Scale. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was performed to explore the risk factors of anxiety and depression in these patients., Results: Female patients are more likely to have anxiety ( OR =3.206, 95% CI : 1.073-9.583, P <0.05) and depression ( OR =9.111, 95% CI : 2.143-38.729, P <0.01) than male patients; patients with known contact history of epidemic area and personnel in epidemic area are more likely to have depression ( OR =3.267, 95% CI : 1.082-9.597, P <0.05)., Conclusions: During the isolation treatment of suspected COVID-19 patients, early psychological intervention should be carried out for the female patients with known contact history of epidemic area and personnel in epidemic area, and drug treatment should be given in advance if necessary.

An indirect photometric detection method for the determination of hexane in the acid cluster of caprolactam by high performance liquid chromatography was developed. Ultraviolet (UV) absorption background reagents were added in the mobile phase, and the hexane, nonabsorption in ultraviolet region, was directly determined by a UV detector. The effects of the mobile phase composition, species and concentration of the background reagents etc. on the analyzed results were studied. The optimization of the separation was performed on an Agilent HC-C18 column (250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 microm). A solution of methanol-water (85:15, v/v) containing 1.17 mmol/L 1,5-naphthalene disulfonic acid was used as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and the column temperature was set at 35 degrees C. The gradient of wavelength was adopted to adjust the relative size of systematic peaks and the target peaks. The linear relationship in the range of 0.5-20 mg/kg with a correlation coefficient of 0.999 93 in this method was obtained. The recoveries and relative standard deviation for the hexane in the acid cluster of caprolactam were 98.45%-102.3% and 2.53%, respectively. The detection limit was 0.03 mg/kg. The method is simple, and has good selectivity, high sensitivity and strong anti-interference ability for the accurate determination of hexane in practical samples quickly.