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Objective To explore the current status of coupled coordination of medical resource supply and service utilization in township health hospitals in Sichuan Province, and to provide reference for optimizing medical resource allocation. Methods The data concerning the allocation of health resources and the utilization of services in township health centers of various cities (prefectures) in Sichuan Province from 2017 to 2021 were selected. The comprehensive evaluation index was utilized to comprehensively assess the allocation of health resources and service utilization, and the coupling coordination degree model was employed to analyze the relationship between the two systems. Results The comprehensive evaluation index of medical resource supply and service utilization in township health centers in Sichuan Province improved from 0.27 and 0.45 in 2017 to 0.30 and 0.52 in 2021, respectively, and more than 90% of the areas were subject to lagging medical resource supply; the type of coupling coordination ranged from reluctant coupling coordination to primary coupling coordination; reluctant coordination was the main type; and the LISA chart showed Aba as the "high-high" aggregation point, Luzhou was low-low aggregation point. Conclusion The level of resource supply and service utilization and coupled coordinated development of township health centers in Sichuan Province has been increasing, and the level of health resource supply and service utilization has not been synergistically developed, and most of them are subject to the lagging supply of health resources, and there is a localized aggregation effect of the degree of coupled coordination in space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Health care workers are vital service providers in primary healthcare, playing a crucial role in safeguarding public health, disease prevention, and chronic disease management. At present, research on healthcare resources mainly focuses on the quantity and structure, and there are few studies on the spatial distribution characteristics of healthcare resources. Objectives To analyze the spatial development trend of healthcare human resources in primary healthcare institutions nationwide, and to provide reference for optimizing the spatial allocation of healthcare resources and upgrading the level of primary healthcare services. Methods The data for this study were obtained during 2013-2017 China Health and Family Planning Statistical Yearbook, the 2018-2022 China Health and Wellness Statistical Yearbook, and the annual data of the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) by province and the Ministry of Civil Affairs of China. From February to June 2023, the health density index (HRDI) was used to comprehensively reflect the demographic and geographic distribution of primary health care in China from 2012 to 2021, spatial autocorrelation analysis was applied to calculate the global Moran's I index to characterize the spatial distribution of primary health care resources in China from 2012 to 2021 analysis, and calculate the local Getis's G index to analyze the hotspots of primary care resource allocation in China from 2012 to 2021. Results The number of practicing physicians and nurses per 1 000 population at the grassroots level has increased in all regions of China, and the ratio of healthcare to nursing is still low. The high HRDI values for the number of practicing (assistant) physicians and nurses were in the eastern region, while the western region had lower HRDI values. The global Moran's I index for the number of practicing (assistant) physicians turned from negative to positive in 2016. The Moran's I index for nurses was always negative, but the overall trend was gradually approaching 0. Western regions such as Xinjiang and Xizang have low health density indices and are cold spots for resource distribution. Conclusion The allocation of medical and nursing resources to primary health care organizations has been increasing year by year, but there are obvious differences in allocation between provinces. The spatial correlation between physicians has gradually increased, and nurses have become more dispersed in their spatial distribution. It is recommended that the reserve of primary care physicians and nurses be strengthened, and that the ratio and collaboration between physicians and nurses be improved; that the planning of health care resources take into account both demographic and geographic configurations, and that Internet-based health care be promoted to improve the accessibility of health care services; and that the investment of resources in central and western China be increased, and that the construction of health care organizations be pushed forward in order to enhance the capacity of grass-roots-level services.

This research collected 1 824 panel data from 32 OECD countries that have entered moderately or severely aging societies from 1965 to 2021 to analyze the threshold effect of population aging on health resources and the inherent laws of population aging level and health resource allocation, which provides references for China’s planning of health resources. The results showed that the level of population aging was significantly positively correlated with the proportion of health expenditure to GDP and the number of doctors per thousand population, but negatively correlated with the number of hospital beds per thousand population. There was a structural leap of 14.486% between the population aging level and the proportion of health expenditure to GDP, with the correlation coefficient increasing from 0.112 9 to 0.169 1. At 17.599%, there was a structural jump in the number of doctors per thousand population, with a correlation coefficient increasing from 0.008 2 to 0.025 9. There was no significant threshold effect between the level of population aging and the number of inpatient beds per thousand population during moderate to severe aging. We recommended that China first increase the training and investment in health human resources in moderately or severely aging regions, while other regions should plan in advance to cope with population aging actively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background China is gradually entering an ageing society and the health of the middle-aged and elderly is a growing concern, with chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease and stroke becoming major health threats. At the same time, the uneven distribution of health resources has led to regional differences in medical level and service quality. Objective To explore the correlation between the prevalence of chronic diseases, regional differences in the types of diseases and health care resources among middle-aged and elderly people in China. Methods A total of 19 520 middle-aged and older adults ≥45 years of age were selected by cleaning, organizing and statistically analyzing the data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) 2018 from October 2022 to March 2023, and 2018 statistics from the China Health Statistics Yearbook (2011-2020) were selected as the corresponding data related to health resources. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze the correlation between Theil index of the number of beds, number of health technicians [practicing (assistant) physicians, registered nurses, rural doctors and health workers], financial expenditures (total health expenditure), number of health institutions (hospitals, primary care institutions, professional public health institutions) and the prevalence of chronic diseases in middle-aged and elderly people in each province. Results There were significant differences in the prevalence of chronic diseases (χ2=57.900, P

Background "Strengthening primary health care" is one of the focuses of China's health care reform, and the study of the efficiency and equity of rural medical and health resources allocation in China is of great significance in promoting the orderly development of primary health care services, but at present, there are few relevant literature based on the DEA-GIS methodology with both equity and efficiency. Objective To analyze the efficiency and equity of rural medical and health resources allocation in 29 provinces in China in 2020, in order to provide a reference for optimizing the allocation of rural medical and health resources and improving the rural medical and health service system in China. Methods The data for this study were collected from the Statistical Tables of Administrative Divisions of the People's Republic of China, the 2021 China Health Statistical Yearbook. After synthesizing the existing literature research, data availability and soliciting expert advice, the township hospitals and village clinics in 29 provinces in China (excluding Beijing, Shanghai, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan) were selected as the study objects, and the number of township hospitals and village clinics (hereinafter referred to as the number of health institutions) , the number of beds in township hospitals (hereinafter referred to as the number of beds) , and the number of health technicians in township hospitals and village clinics (hereinafter referred to as the number of health technicians) were used as input indicators; the number of consultations in township hospitals and village clinics (hereinafter referred to as the number of consultations) , and the number of hospital admissions to township hospitals (hereinafter referred to as the number of admissions) were used as output indicators. The data envelopment analysis (DEA) model was used to assess the efficiency of rural medical and health resources allocation in China, and the health resource agglomeration degree and geographic information system (GIS) technology were used to spatially map the rural medical and health resources allocation to analyze its equity. Results In 2020, China's rural medical and health resources had 4 provinces with effective DEA, 7 provinces with weakly effective DEA, and 18 provinces with ineffective DEA. Among them, the DEA ineffective regions all had different degrees of excess inputs, and only Shandong Province and Tibet Autonomous Region had insufficient outputs. The results of regional analysis showed that rural medical and health resources were concentrated in the eastern region, followed by the central region, with the lowest degree of concentration in the western region. Conclusion The government needs to pay attention to improving the technical efficiency of rural medical and health resources allocation, and promote equity and efficiency by applying precise measures to each region based on optimizing the input and output structure, reducing resource redundancy, rationally coordinating the allocation of resources in the eastern, central and western regions.

Background The aging of our population and the intensification of major chronic disease problems will inevitably lead to an increase in the number of disabled people, resulting in increased pressure on social care and a heavier burden on the government and families for the elderly. At the same time, the unbalanced allocation of health resources will pose even more serious challenge to the medical treatment and nursing care of the disabled population. Objective To explore the differences of disability rate, disability degree and influencing factors among middle-aged and elderly people in eastern, central and western regions of China. Methods Data from the 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) were analyzed from 2022-10-05 to 2023-01-13, and 19 170 middle-aged and elderly people aged 45 years and above were selected as the study subjects. Activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) scales were used to determine disability. The situation and degree of disability in middle-aged and elderly people were considered as dependent variables, and independent variables were selected from three aspects of general demographic characteristics, health evaluation and lifestyle according to CHARLS data questionnaire. Binary and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were conducted to analyze the factors affecting the disability and degree of disability of middle-aged and elderly people in eastern, central and western regions of China. Results Comparison of the rate and degree of disability among middle-aged and elderly people in eastern, central and western regions showed statistically significant differences (χ2=143.014, P

Background In the context of increasing aging, diversified medical needs of the elderly and the constrains of medical resources, the demand for home-based medical services is increasing. Therefore, the development of home-based medical services are strongly encouraged in China. Sichuan Province, as a pilot area for geriatric home-based medical services, is currently operating mainly in primary health care institutions, and it is necessary to explore its condition and the current situation of service development. Objective To investigate the condition and current situation of home-based medical service of primary health care institutions in Sichuan Province, so as to provide reference for further promoting the standardization and development of home-based medical services. Methods From August to October 2021, a convenience sampling method was used to select the relevant persons in charge of 62 primary health care institutions in 7 cities in Sichuan Province as the subjects. Through self-designed questionnaires, data collection and survey analysis were conducted on the general information, human resources, the development of home health care and obstacles of the situations. Results Among the 62 primary health care institutions, the number of full-time medical staff varied widely, ranging from 10 to 316, with a median of 40 (40). The average proportion of medical staff to full-time employees was (84.9±11.3) %; the median percentage of physicians with junior titles or lower was 45.5% (24.2%), and the median percentage of nurses with junior titles or lower was 71.9% (34.2%) ; the medical-to-nursing ratio ranged from 0.43 to 2.63, with an average of (1.44±0.50). The differences were statistically significant when comparing the participation in accreditation of graded hospitals and part-time medical and nursing staff with the different locations of the institutions (P

Objective To study the characteristics and advantages of the tight trusteeship mode, and to provide expe-rience and suggestions for promoting the sinking of high-quality medical resources. Methods By literature analysis, the process and characteristics of hospital trusteeship reforms in China were summarized. Based on the “structure-process-results” theory, the tight, semi-tight, and loose trusteeship modes were compared using comparative research methods to summarize the main characteristics and advantages of the tight trusteeship mode. Through analyzing a case of tight trusteeship of a large provincial tertiary public hospital in Shandong Province, the specific practical measures, effectiveness, and existing problems of the tight trusteeship mode were discussed. Results The tight trusteeship mode is usually a comprehensive government trusteeship, where the trustee hospital provides a unified leadership to manage the entrusted hospital as a campus, integrating and homogenizing personnel ma-nagement, financial management, business management, informationization, and other aspects, achieving more stable collaboration and better performance. Conclusion The tight trusteeship mode is more conducive to channeling large public hospitals’ high-quality medical resources including brand, workforce, technology, and information towards primary medical institutions, which is an effective way to promote the expansion and sinking and regional balance of high-quality medical resources in the new era.

Objective To investigate how economic development and health resource input impact infant mortality in Shanghai. Methods Data on GDP per capita, the number of health facility beds per 10,000 population, and the infant mortality rate in Shanghai from 1991 to 2020 were selected and analyzed using the vector error correction model. Results A long-term equilibrium relationship existed between infant mortality, GDP per capita, and the number of health beds per 10,000 persons, with the elasticity coefficient of infant mortality being-2. 83 (95% CI:-3. 86-1. 80) for GDP per capita and-3. 02 (95% CI: -5. 03-- 1. 01) for the number of health beds per 10,000 persons. The maximum value is reached in the 5th and 6th year respectively and has a long-term negative impact. Conclusion The improvement of infant health cannot be achieved without the two-way promotion of socio-economic and health resource investment. It is necessary to promote the effective combination of investment in health resources and economic development, improve the construction of the maternal and child healthcare service system, strengthen the leading role of the Government, and build an efficient mechanism for the investment of health resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background The primary care facilities in a region play a vital role in maintaining the health of the local residents as the gatekeeper. At present, there is a lack of research on the allocation of primary care resources in Tibet, a remote autonomous region in northwestern China. Objective To analyze the current situation and equity of the allocation of primary care resources in Tibet, to provide a scientific basis for optimizing the allocation of primary care resources in Tibet. Methods Data used in this study were from six volumes (2015—2020) of Tibetan Health Statistics Yearbook and China Health Statistics Yearbook, as well as the human resource information in the Primary Care Direct Reporting System of Tibet Health Commission from 2015 to 2020. Descriptive analysis was used to analyze the allocation of primary care resources in Tibet from 2015 to 2020. Gini coefficient and concentration index were used to evaluate the equity of primary care resource allocation in Tibet in 2020. Results The number of beds in primary hospitals in Tibet increased from 3 393 in 2015 to 3 867 in 2020. The number of (assistant) practicing physicians per 1 000 people increased from 0.37 in 2015 to 0.61 in 2020. The utilization rate of beds in primary hospitals decreased from 30.9% in 2015 to 11.5% in 2020. The daily visits per primary care physician decreased from 13.80 in 2015 to 9.95 in 2020. The daily number of hospital bed days of care per primary care physician decreased from 0.44 in 2015 to 0.10 in 2020. In 2020, the Gini coefficients of health resources allocated in primary hospitals according to population in Tibet were greater than 0.3, which were better than those allocated according to geography. The difference in the concentration degree between number of beds, number of health technicians, number of (assistant) practicing physicians or number of registered nurses and population, was -6.93, -4.50, -2.50, -6.15, respectively, in Lhasa, and 0.05, -0.21, -0.80, -0.22, respectively, in Changdu, and -0.88, 0.10, 0.47, -0.05, respectively, in Shannan, but was all greater than 0 in other cities. Conclusion The primary health workers in Tibet showed a trend of "low growth in number, low capability and low efficiency". It is suggested to pay attention to regional characteristics to improve the allocation standards of primary care resources, promote the equity of the allocation of primary care resources based on geographical classification, reform the employment mechanism and human resource management system in primary care, innovate the system and mechanism of aiding Tibet and establish a new model of financial investment at the primary level.

Background The phenomenon of "no referral" still exists against the backdrop of implementing the hierarchical medical system, which has been preliminarily constructed in China. Most existing studies on addressing this phenomenon are mostly from the perspective of hospital management policies, ignoring the role of doctors as "health gatekeepers" in making decisions during the hierarchical diagnosis and treatment process. Objective To investigate the influence of personal, institutional, environmental, and policy factors on the willingness of physicians in county hospitals to refer patients with common diseases to lower level of institutions from physicians' perspective. Methods This study was conducted from July to August 2021. By use of region-based stratified and convenience sampling, seven county-level people's hospitals were selected as settings from eastern, central and western China. By use of cluster sampling, physicians (n=142) in internal medical departments were selected from the above-mentioned hospitals to attend an online (through the WJX.cn platform) or off-line (hospital) questionnaire survey to understand their willingness to refer patients with a common illness to lower level institutions, and personal, institutional, environmental, and policy factors associated with their willingness during a consultation described using the scenario simulation method. The survey achieved a response rate of 96.5% (137/142). Binary Logistic regression was used to analyze the effects of personal, institutional, environmental, and policy factors on physicians' willingness to refer the patients to a lower level institution. Results The mean score of physicians' willingness to refer the patients to a lower level institution was (9.92±2.20). Fifty-six physicians (40.9%) had higher level of willingness to conduct downward referrals. Education level, awareness level of referrals, and frequency of communication of referrals between higher and lower level institutions were associated with scores of physicians' willingness to conduct downward referrals (P

BackgroundThe allocation of medical resources in China has been in an "inverted triangle" state for a long time. The unreasonable allocation of grass-roots medical resources is difficult to meet the increasingly diversified needs of medical services. The coupling and coordination between the allocation of grass-roots medical resources and economic development will affect the level of regional economic development and the service capacity of grass-roots medical institutions. At present, there is a lack of research on the current situation of their coordinated development and how their influencing factors work through combination.ObjectiveTo assess the level of coordinated development of primary care resource allocation and economy in China, and to determine the associated factors, providing a decision-making basis for further improving medical resource allocation and planning.MethodsThe research was carried out from November 2020 to April 2021. Data were collected from China Health Statistics Yearbook 2019 and China Statistical Yearbook 2019. fsQCA was implemented to assess the influence of the number of licensed (assistant) doctors, number of registered nurses, financial subsidy for part of salary, number of beds, number of primary care institutions, regional gross domestic product (GDP) , regional fiscal revenue, per capita disposable income, and per capita GDP (used as conditional variables) on the level of interconnected, coordinated development level of primary care resource allocation and economic level (the outcome variable) in 31 regions of China.ResultsIn 2018, only the mean level of interconnected, and coordinated development of primary care resource allocation and economy in eastern China (0.61) was within the range (0.6, 1.0] of coordinated development, and that in central China (0.50) was within the transitional harmony range (0.4, 0.6], while that in western China (0.38) was within the range of imbalanced and recessional development[0, 0.4]. The coordinated development of primary care resource allocation and economic level were found to be affected by many factors, and it may be facilitated by four configurations of its associated factors revealed by the configuration analysis: (1) number of beds * number of licensed (assistant) doctors * number of registered nurses * number of primary care institutions * financial subsidy for part of salary* ~ per capita disposable income * ~ per capita GDP; (2) ~ number of beds * ~ number of licensed (assistant) doctors * number of registered nurses * number of primary care institutions * ~ financial subsidy for part of salary* regional GDP * ~ per capita disposable income * per capita GDP; (3) number of licensed (assistant) doctors * number of registered nurses * number of primary care institutions * financial subsidy for part of salary * regional GDP * regional fiscal revenue * per capita disposable income * per capita GDP; (4) ~ number of beds * ~ number of licensed (assistant) doctors * ~ number of registered nurses * ~ number of primary care institutions * financial subsidy for part of salary * regional GDP * regional financial income * per capita disposable income * per capita GDP (* for "and", ~ for "not") . And these four configurations could be classified into three types of paths: primary care resource allocation-driven type, primary care resource allocation and economic balance type, and economic development-driven type.ConclusionThe overall level of coordinated development of primary care resource allocation and economy in China was unsatisfactory, with obvious regional differences, which was mainly affected by the number of registered nurses, regional GDP, and regional fiscal revenue, but may be facilitated greatly by the above-mentioned four configurations of associated factors. Therefore, it is suggested that each region chooses one path to achieve high level of interconnected, and coordinated development of primary care resource allocation and economy according to their own resources and conditions, so as to promote the rational primary care resource allocation, and the coordinated development of medical resources and economic level, thereby improving the level of primary care services in China.

Objective To study the allocation relationship between the elderly population and health resources in Chongqing,in order to improve the distribution of health service resources for the elderly population and relieve the pressure of health service resources for the elderly population.Methods By using SPSS22.0, Pearson correlation analysis was carried out on the elderly population,health resources and medical service data of 39 districts and counties in Chongqing in 2021.Results There was a certain gap in the efficiency of resource allocation among the three regions in Chongqing.The medical resources and medical service level in the metropolitan area were higher than those in the northeastern and southeastern Chongqing areas. Conclusion Basic health institutions with conditions are encouraged to try to make use of the excess hospital beds and human resources to promote the comprehensive development of “medicine,nursing,health,and nursing”. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In December 2023, the Trauma Professional Committee of the American Society of Surgeons officially released the seventh edition of "Resources for Optimal Care of the Injured Patient (2022 Stan-dards)". Compared to the sixth edition of the standards, the main updated content of the seventh edition includes ten aspects: (1) trauma centers need to meet new personnel configuration and qualification requirements, (2) trauma centers need to develop more structured and effective trauma treatment effectiveness improvement and patient safety plans, (3) trauma centers need to develop data quality plans, (4) trauma centers need to develop new diagnosis and treatment plans for specific patients, (5) trauma centers need to have new professional knowledge, (6) trauma centers need to meet new response time and resource availability standards, (7) trauma centers need to meet new academic and scientific requirements, (8) tertiary trauma centers need corresponding qualification certificates if providing neurological trauma treatment, (9) new requirements for pediatric trauma centers, (10) the fourth level trauma center standards. The research literature published by scholars in the field of trauma in the past decade has provided sufficient evidence-based medicine evidence for updating content. The article introduces and analyzes the updates in the seventh edition standards in light of the available evidence.

Objective: To investigate the health education needs and available resources in schistosomiasis-endemic areas based on integration of community resources, and to explore the operation pathways for health education and promotion during the stage of schistosomiasis elimination., Methods: A community was selected from Nanji Township, Xinjian District, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province around the Poyang Lake areas as the study site, and a questionnaire survey on health education needs for schistosomiasis control was conducted among permanent residents at ages of 20 years in the community during the period between June and July, 2022 using face-to-face interviews. In addition, the resources available for the community-based schistosomiasis control health education were investigated among workers in township-level specialized institutions, members of civil society organizations, villagers, teachers and high and primary school students through field observations, field surveys and thematic interviews., Results: A total of 304 individuals participated in the questionnaire survey on community-based health education needs for schistosomiasis control, and 94.41% (287/304) and 93.42% (284/304) of the respondents were most interested in knowing/understanding knowledge of the morphology of schistosomes and knowledge associated with the transmission route of schistosomiasis. The four most popular patterns for disseminating schistosomiasis control knowledge included live broadcasting of schistosomiasis control videos (94.41%, 287/304), printed brochures (89.80%, 273/304), special lectures by doctors (62.50%, 190/304) and physical health education materials for schistosomiasis control (61.51%, 187/304). There were 96.71% (294/304) and 77.63% (236/304) of respondents that accepted the participation of township healthcare center and township government/village committees in dissemination of schistosomiasis control knowledge, and there were 95.72% (291/304) and 80.59% (245/304) of respondents that mainly acquired schistosomiasis control knowledge through village allocation of leaflets and volunteer schistosomiasis control activities, respectively. There was 96.71% (294/304) of respondents participating in the dissemination activities of schistosomiasis control knowledge held by village committees, township healthcare centers, and high and primary schools/kinder-gartens, and 61.25% (177/289) of respondents were willing to participate in volunteer schistosomiasis control activities. A total of 115 individuals participated in the survey of available resources for community-based schistosomiasis control health education, and there were a large number of organizational, human and cultural resources in the community that were useful for health communication services., Conclusions: The abundant human and material resources from rural communities in schistosomiasis-endemic areas may be integrated into schistosomiasis control health education to generate a rural health education pathway with the joint participation of schistosomiasis control institutions, township governments, community departments and community residents, which may provide insights into the future development of schistosomiasis control health education.

Objective: To compare and analyze the ophthalmic resources and service ability in Shanxi Province in 2014 and 2021, and to provide reference for the development planning of ophthalmology and eye care. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a questionnaire survey was conducted among all ophthalmic institutions registered in the health administrative department in 11 cities of Shanxi Province by the end of 2014 and 2021 by using the National Ophthalmology Competency Resource Questionnaire (compiled by the Medical Administration and Hospital Authority of the National Health and Wellness Commission). The basic situations of ophthalmic institutions in 2014 and 2021, as well as the human resources, ophthalmic equipment configuration, technology and medical service capabilities, were recorded and compared. The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Results: A total of 270 questionnaires for 2014 were collected from 270 ophthalmic institutions, and 292 questionnaires for 2021 from 292 ophthalmic institutions. The institution categories in 2014 (197 general hospitals, 31 eye hospitals and 42 others) were statistically different from those in 2021 (182 general hospitals, 45 eye hospitals and 65 others) ( P <0.05). The proportion of doctors with senior titles in ophthalmic institutions increased from 25.5% (346/1 358) in 2014 to 41.7% (580/1 391) in 2021, the proportion of senior technicians increased from 9.4% (14/148) to 25.3% (110/435), the proportion of doctors with junior titles decreased from 42.1% (572/1 358) to 26.5% (369/1 391), and the proportion of junior technicians decreased from 45.3% (67/148) to 39.1% (170/435). There was a significant difference in the distribution of professional titles between doctors and technicians in ophthalmic institutions ( P <0.05). The number of doctors (130 to 28), nurses (152 to 50), technicians (33 to 11) and full-time optometrists (44 to 12) in the first-class ophthalmic institutions decreased, the increase of equipment with the ophthalmic A-ultrasound scan system, fundus camera and coherent optical tomography system (35.1%, 28.9% and 25.4%; P <0.05) ranked the top three, and the increase of performing the phacoemulsification procedure, intraocular lens implantation, intravitreal injection and iris surgery (30.2%, 24.7% and 20.7%; P <0.05) ranked the top three in 2021 as compared to 2014. Conclusions: The resources and service ability of ophthalmology in Shanxi Province developed in 2021 in comparison with 2014. However, there were some problems, such as changes in the type and structure of eye institutions, unreasonable proportions of professional titles, insufficient human resources in primary ophthalmic institutions, and slow improvement in the allocation of ophthalmology equipment and technical capabilities.

Objective：To evaluate the clinical value of multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment mode in the perioperative period of placenta percreta. Methods: From January 2015 to June 2018, 67 cases were diagnosed placenta percreta by prenatal ultrasonic score system and confirmed by intraoperative findings at the Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital. According to the diagnosis and treatment mode, it is divided into two groups: specialized diagnosis and treatment group (32 cases) and multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment group (35 cases). The general conditions, intraoperative and postoperative conditions were collected and compared between the two groups. Results: There were no significant differences between in the severity of placenta implantation, age, gravidity, number of abortions, number of cesarean section and gestational week of termination between the two groups (all P＞0.05). The intraoperative bleeding volume, intraoperative blood transfusion volume, the operation time, hysterectomy rate, bladder rupture rate and coagulation function abnormality rate in the multidisciplinary cooperative diagnosis and treatment group were lower than those in the specialized diagnosis and treatment group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P＜0.05). The postoperative hospitalization time, incidence of postoperative fever and hospitalization expenses in the multidisciplinary cooperative diagnosis and treatment group were lower than those in the specialized diagnosis and treatment group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in 24-hour blood loss after operation and Apgar score 5 minutes after operation between the two groups (P＞0.05). Conclusions: Multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment mode plays a significant role in the perioperative period of placenta percreta, which can significantly reduce the amount of intraoperative bleeding, intraoperative blood transfusion, the occurrence of intraoperative bladder rupture, hysterectomy, reduce the occurrence of postoperative coagulation dysfunction, and effectively save medical resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective: To analyze the equity of national stomatologist resource allocation from 2016 to 2020, providing relevantly referenced basis for further stomatologist resource allocation. Methods: Collect data of domestic and international stomatologist resources in 2016, 2018 and 2020, and analyze the relevant data by using the health resources agglomeration degree and population agglomeration degree. Results: At present, at the international level, the number of dentists per 10 000 people ranks 46th in 2010-2019. The quantity of domestic dental resources is on the rise, with a balanced gender distribution and a concentrated age distribution mainly in 25-44 years old. At the specialized technical level, the proportion of junior titles can reach 79.5%-83.0%. The ratio of resource agglomeration of dental practitioners and assistants calculated based on geographical area and population density shows that the ratio of HRAD to PAD in the eastern provinces is greater than 1, while the ratios of most provinces in the central and western regions are less than 1. The eastern regions have excessive allocations, while ones in the central and western regions are insufficient. Conclusions: Unfairness still exists in the allocation of resources for dentists in China. At the national level, it is necessary to continue to cultivate high-quality stomatologists and intensify efforts to support the grass-roots and remote areas. The ability, quality and work competence of on-the-job personnel should be comprehensively improved. Multi-point practice of stomatologists should be standardized and popularized, promoting the rational flow of oral health personnel.

Based on 2002-2010 Statistical Yearbooks, this paper empirically studied the inequity of health resource allocation in Liaoning Province by applying Lorentz curve, Gink coefficient and comparison from the perspectives of population, area and region. The findings showed that there is a gross surplus of medical health resources in Liaoning Province concentrated in the big cities, and there exists serious unfairness in health resource allocation between the urban and rural areas. In order to promote a fair allocation of medical health resources, it is essential that the gross health resources should be cut and controlled, the remnant health resources should be optimized and adjusted giving more priority to the rural and lower-level communities, and the unified design between the city and the countryside should be enhanced in an accelerated way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the changes of liver cancer mortality and the effect of liver cancer on life expectancy in key areas of four provinces in China from 2008 to 2018 and provide the basis for the evaluation of comprehensive prevention and control of cancer and promotion of the rational allocation of health resources. Methods: Based on the national cause-of-death surveillance in key areas of the 4 provinces from 2008 to 2018, we analyzed the mortality of liver cancer, cause eliminated life expectancy (CELE) and potential gains in life expectancy (PGLEs). Software Joinpoint 4.9.0.0 was used to calculate the average annual percentage change (AAPC). Arriaga's decomposition method was used to estimate the contribution of the changes of liver cancer mortality in each age group to life expectancy. Results: The standardized mortality of liver cancer in key areas of the 4 provinces showed a downward trend from 2008 to 2018 (AAPC=-4.37%, P <0.001). The changes of liver cancer mortality had a positive effect on the increase of life expectancy, with a contribution value of 0.240 years and a contribution degree of 5.62%. The positive effect was greatest in age group 45-49 years (0.041 years, 0.96%), and the negative effect was greatest in age group 50-54 years (-0.015 years, -0.35%). Compared with 2008, the life expectancy increased by 4.27 years (AAPC=0.59%, P <0.001), the liver cancer CELE increased by 4.20 years (AAPC=0.58%, P <0.001), the PGLEs decreased by 0.07 years (AAPC=-0.62%, P <0.001), and life loss rate decreased by 0.13% (AAPC=-1.18%, P =0.001). The liver cancer PGLEs increased in Yongqiao district, Anhui province (0.09 years), and decreased in other districts (counties), with the largest decline was in Fugou county, Henan province (-0.21 years). Conclusions: From 2008 to 2018, the standardized mortality rate of liver cancer in key areas of the 4 provinces decreased gradually, contributing to the growth of life expectancy. The life loss caused by liver cancer decreased gradually, but the PGLEs varied with districts (counties).

Objective To analyze nurses' current situation of sub-health and the related major influencing factors in order to attract the attention of medical institutions, nurses and society on their sub-health problems. Methods A survey on 140 nurses of this hospital in June 2014 were conducted by questionnaires. Results It was founded in the survey results that 70.0% (98/140) nurses were in sub-healthy status of different degrees. According to the survey scores ranking from high to low, the factors such as worry about work accident, mental tension and attaching importance to medicine but despising nursing prevailed among the ten factoring the sub-health status of nurses. Conclusion The incidence of nurses' sub-heal this closely related to their woring environment, plusing the pressures from family, society and education, which has seriously impact on nurses' life quality and work efficiency. The medical institutions, nurses and the whole society should pay more attentions to it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective-To retrospect the construction and application of the dual referral system for infertility treatment in Jiangsu Province, China. With the standard procedure to screen infertile pathogeny, those doctors of reproductive medicine with formal training can diagnose and treat patients step by step, and smoothly transfer treatment between superior and subordinate reproductive centers. Methods:The standardized diagnosis and treatment procedure of infertility and sterility and the clinical pathway of preliminary screening on the pathogeny were established. The database system, CCRM, was upgraded in the practice in our center. The advanced training course of 3 months was designed for doctors. The expert out-calls and lecture tours were scheduled in Jiangsu Province. The clinical shortcut service system, so called the Green Channel, and the demonstration clinics were well developed. Results : There were 211 309 patients undergone the preliminary screening system from January 2005 to October 2013 in our center. 21 hospitals joined the program. 1 149 patients underwent the transfer treatment, the referral rate is 2.6% (1 149/211 309). The cost of the preliminary screening on pathogeny was 1 116.4 RMB. Times of the expert out-call were 14,and 1 185 patients were diagnosed in those expert out-calls. 236 trainees finished their three-months' advanced training program; 2 529 participants finished training in 28 courses. 40 outpatient clinics of infertility were set up and 56 hospitals joined in the training of the database system. Conclusions-It is concluded from our practice that the infertility dual referral system was effectively developed in Jiangsu Province, China, and that the standardized infertility diagnosis and treatment procedure was also successfully developed. With above system and procedure and the clinical pathway of preliminary screening on the pathogeny of infertility, it is feasible to reduce the medical cost for patients, and to provide the high-quality medical service in the limited times of visiting doctors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reproductive health refers to keeping the physical, psychological and social adaptation in good condition at different stages of the whole life, which also involves the population control, sustainable development and women's rights. Thus, the reproductive health was extensively attended by the international community. In 1995, WHO proposed the goal of "In 2015, universal access to reproductive health". However, due to the urban-rural dual structure, the situation of women reproductive health in China is not satisfactory, while differences of reproductive health level in different population are significant. We here reviewed the research progress of women's reproductive health in different populations, including the status, knowledgement and services accessibility of reproductive health, and then proposed our reasonable suggestion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Problems: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a common healthcare-associated infection in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The average VAP infection density was 4.7‰ in our unit between June and August 2015. The results of a status survey indicated that in-service education lacked specialization, leading to inadequate awareness among staffs regarding the proper care of newborns with VAP and a lack of related care guides. This, in turn, resulted in inconsistencies in care measures for newborns with VAP., Purpose: To improve the accuracy of implementation of preventive measures for VAP among medical staffs and reduce the density of VAP infections in the NICU., Resolutions: Conduct a literature search and adopt medical team resources management methods; establish effective team communication; establish monitoring mechanisms and incentives; establish mandatory in-service specialization education contents and a VAP preventive care guide exclusively for newborns as a reference for medical staffs during care execution; install additional equipment and aids and set reminders to ensure the implementation of VAP preventive measures., Results: The accuracy rate of preventive measure execution by medical staffs improved from 70.1% to 97.9% and the VAP infection density in the NICU decreased from 4.7‰ to 0.52‰., Conclusions: Team integration effectively improved the accuracy of implementation of VAP-prevention measures, reduced the density of VAP infections, enhanced quality of care, and ensured that newborns received care that was more in line with specialization needs.

Objective: From the perspective of actual service suppliers regarding cancer screening, this study aimed to assess the long-term sustainability of cancer screening programs in China. Methods: Based on a Cancer Screening Program in Urban China (CanSPUC), our survey focused on all the hospitals, centers for disease control and prevention (CDC) and community service centers across 16 provinces in China which participated in the programs between 2013 and 2015. All the managers (institutional/department level) and professional staff involved in the program were interviewed using either paper-based questionnaire or online approach. Results: A total of 4 626 participants completed the interview. It showed that the main gains from providing screening service emphasized promotion in social value (63.6%), local reputation (35.9%), and professional skills (30.6%), whereas difficulties encountered included inadequate compensation (30.9%) and discordance among information systems (28.3%). When the service remuneration amounts to about 50 Chinese Yuan per screening item, those professional staff self-reported that they would like to work overtime. More than half (63.7%) of the staff expressed willingness to provide routine screening service, the main expectations were to promote their reputation to the local residents (48.7%) and to promote professional skills (43.1%). Those who were not willing to provide screening services were worried about the potential heavy workload (59.8%) or being interfered with their routine work (49.8%). Further detailed results regarding the different organization types and program roles were presented in the following detailed report. Conclusions: Findings of gains and difficulties showed that if cancer screening is expected to become a long-term running, incentive mechanism from the program, external promotion and advocacy as well as capacity building should be strengthened; furthermore, rewards to staff's screening services should be raised according to the local situations. Results regarding the "willingness to provide service" showed that management of the program should also be strengthened, including information system building and inter-agency and inter-department coordination at the government levels.

The home-based medical care integrated plan under Taiwan National Health Insurance has changed from paying for home-based medical care, home-based nursing, home-based respiratory treatment, and palliative care to paying for a single, continuous home-based care service package. Formerly, physician-visit regulations limited home visits for home-based nursing to providing medical related assessments only. This limitation not only did not provide practical assistance to the public but also caused additional problems for those with mobility problems or who faced difficulties in making visits hospital. This 2016 change in regulations opens the door for doctors to step out their 'ivory tower', while offering the public more options to seek medical assistance in the hope that patients may change their health-seeking behavior. The home-based concept that underlies the medical service system is rooted deeply in the community in order to set up a sound, integrated model of community medical care. It is a critical issue to proceed with timely job handover confirmation with the connecting team and to provide patients with continuous-care services prior to discharge through the discharge-planning service and the connection with the connecting team. This is currently believed to be the only continuous home-based medical care integrated service model in the world. This model not only connects services such as health literacy, rehabilitation, home-based medical care, home-based nursing, community palliative care, and death but also integrates community resources, builds community resources networks, and provides high quality community care services.

Background: The flexibility of a hospital's nursing-related human resource management policies affects the working willingness and retention of nurses., Purpose: To explore the effectiveness of a flexible nursing-related human resource management strategy., Methods: This quasi-experimental research used a one group pretest-posttest design. Supervisors at participating hospitals attended the "Application of Flexible Nursing Human Resources Management Strategies" workshop, which introduced the related measures and assessed nurses' pretest satisfaction. After these measures were implemented at the participating hospitals, implementation-related problems were investigated and appropriate consultation was provided. The posttest was implemented after the end of the project. Data were collected from nurses at the participating hospitals who had served in their present hospital for more than three months. The participating hospitals were all nationally certified healthcare providers, including 13 medical centers, 17 regional hospitals, and 3 district hospitals. A total of nurses 2,810 nurses took the pretest and 2,437 took the posttest. The research instruments included the "Satisfaction with working conditions and system flexibility" scale and the "Flexible nursing human resource management strategies". The effectiveness of the implemented strategy was assessed using independent samples t-test and variance analysis., Results: The result of implementing the flexible strategies shows that the total mean of pretest satisfaction (Likert 5 scores) was 3.47 (SD = 0.65), and the posttest satisfaction was 3.52 (SD = 0.65), with significant statistical differences in task, numerical, divisional, and leading flexibility., Conclusions: Due to the good implementation effectiveness, the authors strongly suggest that all of the participating hospitals continue to apply this strategic model to move toward a more flexible nursing system and work.

In order to promote the protection, development and rational utilization on traditional Chinese medicine resources (TCM resoueces), the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine is organizing and implementing the fourth national survey on TCM resources. Informatization is the core for this survey and is also one of the main innovative points which transcend the previous three surveys. The extensive application on informatization technology has not only improved the work efficiency of the survey, but also expanded the new development directions of TCM resources research. In order to give full play to the leading role of informatization on leading the innovation in the survey, the survey office organized relevant researchers to sort out the relevant information during the pilot work and wrote a series of articles to form a special issue of informationization work on TCM resources. It demonstrated the staged achievements of informatization in the survey from 5 aspects which are including the overall progress of the survey, the collection and compilation of the core indicators, the development of the database software systems, the national planning and implementation supported by big data and the study of single species. During the pilot phase, the survey data was collected and gathered by using the modern technology, the demonstration applications was developed based on the data information which is serving the relevant organizational administration and scientific research on TCM resources, which injected a new impetus to the healthy and sustainable development of traditional Chinese medicine., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

Objective: To assess and analyze the operation efficiency of 8 commission general public hospitals managed directly by National Health and Family Planning Commission and 8 municipal general hospitals managed directly by Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals in Beijing and to provide suggestions on improving service capacity and designing relevant health policy., Methods: Input and output data of 8 commission hospitals and 8 municipal hospitals were obtained from Beijing Direct-Reported Health Statistics data from 2011 to 2014. Data envelopment analysis was used as the hospital operation efficiency measurement tool. The CCR and BCC models were built to calculate technical efficiency (TE), pure technical efficiency (PTE), scale efficiency (SE) and the status of scale efficiency of 16 hospitals in 2011 and 2014; the Malmquist index model was built to analyze the total factor productivity change (TFPC), technological change (TC), technical efficiency change, pure technical efficiency change and scale efficiency change of the 16 hospitals from 2011 to 2014., Results: In 2011, the TE, PTE and SE of the commission hospitals were higher than those of the municipal hospitals, and the TEs of the commission hospitals and the municipal hospitals were 0.918 and 0.873 respectively. In 2014, the TE, PTE and SE of commission hospitals were lower than those of the municipal hospitals, and the TE of the commission hospitals and the municipal hospitals were 0.906 and 0.951, respectively, which was contrary to the results in 2011. According to the Malmquist index model, the average of TFPC of the municipal hospitals was larger than that of the commission hospitals, the former increased 5.9% and the latter increased 2.8% per year; the average of TC was greater than the one in both the municipal hospitals and the commission hospitals, with a growth of 3.2% and 2.9% per year, respectively; the average growth of PTE in the commission hospitals was lower than that of the municipal hospitals, and the average descent of SE in the commission hospitals was larger than that in the municipal hospitals., Conclusion: There are significant differences in the operation efficiency between different management systems and the main factors associated with operation efficiency are the technological and management level. Given scale efficiency status and macroeconomic medical policies, the commission hospitals and the municipal hospitals require further adjusting the distribution of medical resources, and it is of great significance for all the commission hospitals and the municipal hospitals to improve the management level and resource integration capability.

Background & Problems: Hypothermia is the cause of multiple problems such as delayed awaking from anesthesia, feelings of discomfort, increased oxygen consumption, and increased risks of surgical wound infection and complications. A review of the record of post-operative patients receiving general anesthesia (GA) revealed that only 74% of the patients in our post-anesthesia room (PAR) had restored their body temperature to 36℃ after 60 minutes. Through situation analysis, several causes were identified, including insufficient warming facilities, lack of standard procedures and an audit system, lack of knowledge regarding hyperthermia among nurses, and the incompleteness of perioperative warming interventions performed by the healthcare team., Purpose: The aim of the present project was to apply team resource management (TRM) to raise the rate of body temperature restoration to 36°C after 60 minutes in our post-anesthesia room (PAR) from 74% to 100%., Resolution: Several strategies were implemented to accelerate the post-operative rewarming for patients receiving GA, including: establishment of standard operating procedures for warming, conducting routine audits, purchasing warming facilities, conducting in-service education, applying TRM, and cooperating with nurses in operating rooms on executing the warming plan., Result: After implementing these strategies, our PAR achieved a 100% success rate in raising the body temperature of postoperative patients to 36°C after 60 minutes., Conclusions: The result demonstrates that hypothermia may be effectively avoided and that the quality of post-operative care may be effectively improved through transdisciplinary teamwork.

Objectives: To determine the trend of the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) in Mianyang City during 2004-2013 and its ecological determinants., Methods: Linear correlations between TB incidence and ecological factors were analyzed using the data collected in Mianyang City from 2004 to 2013. A multivariate linear regression model was established to determine the ecological predictors of TB incidence., Results: The incidence of TB in Mianyang City decreased over the period of 2004-2013. Economic development and increased health resources were negatively correlated with TB incidence. Population density was positively correlated with TB incidence. A multivariate linear regression equationon TB incidence ( y ) was established with the independent variables ( x₁ to x ₁₀) forming a component (using principal component analysis) to eliminate multicollinearity: y =117.692-1.467 x ₁-1.145 x ₂-1.961 x ₃-4.777 x ₄-2.690 x ₅-6.181 x ₆+82.234 x ₇-2.721 x ₈-0.351 x ₉-0.382 x ₁₀. The incidence of TB decreased with the increases of real GDP per capita ( x ₁), average wage of workers( x ₂), per capita disposable income of urban residents ( x ₃), rural per capita net income ( x ₄), per capita consumption expenditure of urban residents ( x ₅), per capita living consumption expenditure of rural residents ( x ₆), number of licensed (assistant) physicians per thousand population ( x ₈), urbanization rate ( x ₉),and per capita housing construction area of urban ( x ₁₀),while it increased with the increase of density of population ( x ₇)., Conclusions: Socio-economic development, health resources and population density are predictors of TB incidence.

Background & Problems: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a common healthcare-associated infection in the intensive care unit. The average VAP rate was .128% in our unit during 2011. Therefore, we designed a project to identify relevant problems, including: inadequate knowledge about VAP care, incorrect techniques for sputum suction, patient head elevation < 30~45 degrees, ventilator humidifier installed with water equipment designed without water-resistant barriers, failure to change the resuscitator and small-volume nebulizer regularly, and possible cross-contamination between respiratory-care devices., Purpose: We targeted a VAP rate decrease from the current .128% to less than .1%., Resolution: The improvement measures implemented included team resource management (TRM) with VAP education, promotion, a written reminder regarding sputum accumulation sites, instruction to elevate the head of patients to an appropriate height, introduction of an auto-stop water adding system, and regular changes of related devices at assigned positions., Results: The VAP rate decreased from .128% to .065%., Conclusions: The risk identification and associated TRM project improved teamwork and the quality of care in the ICU.

To identify acupuncture resources in six databases of Cochrane Library (CL) with computer retrieve. Seventy-two literatures were identified in Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR). Among them, 12 Cochrane systematic review (CSR) verified the effectiveness of acupuncture, 29 concerning the indeterminacy of the efficacy of acupuncture with 1 didn't support acupuncture for epilepsy and 31 remained as protocols; 121 literatures were found in Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE) with more types of diseases or symptoms and rich modality comparing to CSR; 4218 randomized controlled trials and clinical controlled trials were identified in Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CCRCT); 43 literatures in Cochrane Methodology Register Database (CMRD) which focused on blindness study, quality assessment of methodology of research and publication bias and so on; 25 literatures in Health Technology Assessment Database (HTAD) and 18 in NHS Economic Evaluation Database (NHS EED) which were centered on acupuncture analgesia. Consequently, acupuncture literatures in 6 databases of CL do provide good resources for acupuncture researchers due to its abundant content, concrete classification and high quality evidence.

Objective: To evaluate visual inspection with Lugol's iodine (VILI) in cervical cancer screening program and to provide evidence for designing a cervical cancer screening algorithm in high risk areas of existing low-resource settings to reduce the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer., Methods: Women in Yangcheng county, Shanxi province were screened with VILI, colposcopy, liquid-based cytology test and human papilloma virus (HPV) DNA test. The efficacy of different screening tests was compared by Youden's index based on the pathology as the gold standard., Results: In the population being screened, the mean age was 40.80 +/- 10.75 years old. Based on pathological findings, 4.35% (32/735) of the subjects had >or= CIN (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia) II. The sensitivity and specificity for the VILI test (>or= positive) were 53.13 and 82.19, while 56.25 and 79.09 were for colposcopy (>or= low grade dysplasia) respectively. Comparing by the Youden's indexs, there was no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) between VILI and colposcopy. However, statistical significant difference (P < 0.05) was found between VILI and liquid-based cytology test and HPV DNA test. In addition, there was no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) found between the experienced doctors and the newly-trained doctors working in the field station., Conclusion: With low sensitivity when using microscope but low cost of equipments, VILI can be one of the primary screening tests in China's rural area with low-resource settings if the screening frequency is to be increased.

The survey of Chinese medicines resources concerns the development of the traditional Chinese medicine industry. It also directly influences the modernization process of traditional Chinese medicines. Owing to lacking of the scientific data on the Chinese medicines resources, it is a extremely urgent work to carry out survey of main Chinese medicine resources in nationwide. This paper explains the meaning and necessity. And it also investigated the survey object, contents, new technologies and methods.

Objective: To identify the quantity, constitution, distribution, human resources, medical service, equipment utilization conditions of our ophthalmic organizations., Methods: Adopt the ophthalmology status survey forms developed by the Department of Health Administration of Ministry of Health and Office of National Committee for Prevention of Blindness to investigate the registered medical treatment organizations in the whole mainland of China in 1996. The collected data were analyzed using SAS software., Results: There were 4,151 ophthalmological organizations, 43,204 beds for ophthalmic patients, 22,577 eye doctors, and 16,448 ophthalmic nurses in China in 1996. 41.55% of eye doctors worked in the general hospitals above the county level., Conclusion: The distribution of ophthalmic organizations and human resource is uneven. It may be the main cause to restrict the activities for prevention of blindness in China.

Objective: To find out evidence for the improvement of research resources of ocular fundus diseases in China. DATA SOURCES RESEARCH: articles about fundus oculi in 418 Chinese medical journals published in the mainland of China from January 1, 1999 to June 30, 2001., Data Selection: A total of 2 352 articles about ocular fundus diseases included 1 651 original articles, 324 case reports, and 171 reviews. The original articles covered basic research (402 articles), clinical research (530), treatment with combined traditional Chinese and Western medicine (270), clinical application of testing technology (295), epidemiology (142), and others (12)., Results: Data showed that retinal detachment, trauma, retinal vein occlusion, and diabetic retinopathy were the major areas of clinical research. Ophthalmology periodicals published most of the achievements in the research of ocular fundus diseases, while less in general medical journals. Yet, reports on critical evaluation of these treatments were not available. The resources of research and utilization in ocular fundus diseases in China had not been documented., Conclusions: The research into ocular fundus diseases is an active area in China. Critical evaluation and application of the research resources of ocular fundus diseases should be improved.