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In this study, the flavor characteristics and volatile compounds of cold-pressed flaxseed oil were analyzed using quantitative descriptive analysis, headspace solid phase microextraction and simultaneous distillation extraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-olfactometry (GC-MS-O) and chemometrics. The results showed that cold-pressed flaxseed oil had a unique flavor, mainly presenting fresh grassy and fishy flavors. Totally 34 characteristic volatile components were detected, including 12 aldehydes, 7 alcohols, 5 acids, 3 terpenes, 3 alkanes, 2 ketones and 2 aromatic compounds. Based on GC-O analysis, detection frequency (DF ≥ 6) and odor activity value (OAV ≥ 1), 2-ethyl hexanol, hexanol, (E)-2-hexenal, hexanal, and (E,E)-2,4-heptadienal were found to be the major contributors to the grassy flavor, and (Z)-4-heptenal the major contributor to fishy flavor. Principal component analysis (PCA) validated the correlation between the characteristic flavor intensity and the sensory flavor attributes of cold-pressed flaxseed oil from different regions. The results of this study can provide a theoretical basis for improving the aroma, processing and quality of cold-pressed flaxseed oil.

Objective To evaluate the effects of different dosages of mivacurium for laryngeal mask airway (LMA) insertion on muscle relaxants state hemodynamics, respiratory mechanics and complications. Methods Sixty patients were randomly assigned into four groups according to different dosages of mivacurium (n = 15) : group C (control group), group M1, group M2 and group M3. In group Ml, group M2 and group M3, 0.16 mg/kg, 0.20 mg/kg and 0.25 mg/kg mivacurium was injected, respectively. In group C, there was no mivacurium infused. At the same time, with train-of-four provided by TOF-Guard, when T1 was stabilized at 0, LMA was placed in group Ml, M2 and M3. In group C, LMA was placed two minutes after injection propofol. SBP, HR and SPO2 were continuously monitored. The dosage of propofol during induction, the onset time, clinical duration and recovery index of mivacurium were recorded. Conditions for LMA insertion were assessed. Results The onset times of muscle relaxation in group M2 and group M3 were shorter significantly than that in group M1, and the clinical durations in group M2 and group M3 were longer significantly than that in group M1. Compared with group M1, patients in group M3 had longer recovery time. In group C and group M3, SBP were decreased significantly one minute, two minutes and three minutes after injection. The dosage of propofol in group C was higher significantly than other groups. Complications such as bucking, hiccup were recorded in 4 patients of group C. Hiccup was recorded in two patients of group M1. There were no bucking and hiccup recorded in group M2 and M3. Conclusion With the dosage of 0.2 mg/kg, mivacurium could provide good conditions for insertion of LMA, stable hemodynamics and low incidence of postoperative complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to explore the spatial and temporal changes in spatial patterns and source changes in heavy metals in Xiangzhou District, 395 and 326 soil samples were collected from cultivated soil in Xiangzhou District in November 2009 and November 2019, respectively. The contents of Cr, Pb, As, Hg, and Cd during these two years were measured. The spatial pattern and variation distribution of five types of heavy metals during these two years were obtained by using the empirical Bayesian Kriging (EBK) method. The effect ( q- statistic) of 19 environmental factors and 5 types of heavy metals was calculated by using the geographical detector model (GDM), and the changes over the two years were compared. The results showed that compared with that in 2009, the heavy metal contents of Cr, Pb, Hg, and As in Xiangzhou District were decreased as a whole in 2019, whereas the Cd content increased overall. The spatial differentiation of heavy metals in the soil in Xiangzhou District in 2019 was more complicated than that in 2009. Pb, Hg, and Cd in the south and Hg in the central urban area and surrounding areas also increased. The content of each element decreased to the north and northwest. Compared with that in 2009, the explanatory power of natural factors and the distance between pollution enterprises on the single factor of the five soil heavy metal contents in 2019 decreased, and the influence on the contents under the control of single factors decreased significantly. The superposition influence of human activity factors increased, especially the distance between residential land, road, and land for pollution enterprises and environmental factors on soil heavy metal elements. These results indicated that the changes in soil heavy metal sources in 2019 tended to be complex, with structural factors as the main influencing factor. The influence of the emission of polluting enterprises on heavy metal elements decreased, whereas the influence of human activities on heavy metal content increased.

The mechanism of biological actions of quercetin was studied by using metabolomic method and biomolecular network. HPLC-MS was used to analyze the serum metabolome in rats of blank group and quercetin administration group rats, and MS data were processed by MATLAB software. With multivariate statistical analysis of serum metabolite profiles, a clear separation among blank group and quercetin administration group was achieved, potential biomarkers were selected according to the parameters of variable importance in the projection (VIP) and identified according to MS information and database retrieval. Four compounds, related enzymes, action targets and metabolic pathways had been confirmed, namely retinoic acid and RARbeta, arachidonate and COX-2, 3, 5-diodotyrosine and TPO, uridine diphosphate glucose and PDEs. The mechanism of quercetin enhancing ability of retinoic acid on the induction of RARbeta, activating TPO, using as COX-2 and PDEs inhibitor was approved by biomolecular network and related literatures. In this study, a mechanism of multiple biological actions of quercetin was evaluated at the level of the biomolecular network, metabolomics and biomolecular network can be used to investigate the biological effects mechanism of quercetin, which provided a new method to further revealing mechanism of drug action.

The aim of this study was to investigate the support effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on umbilical cord blood (UCB) CD34+ cell (HSPC) expansion in vitro and its influence on cell characteristics including the surface marker of CD34+ cells, homing adhesion molecules and colony-forming ability. The mononucleated cells (MNCs) were isolated from UCB, then the CD34+ cells were isolated from freshly obtained MNCs by immunomagnetic beads, the MSC feeder cells exposed to gamma-ray of 137Cs were prepared by MSC feeder. The CD34+ cells were inoculated in different culture media. Experiment was divided into 3 groups: HSPC+CK group in which cytokines were added to medium (SCF, FL and TPO); HSPC+MSC group in which CD34+ cells were inoculated on MSC feeder; HSPC+MSC+CK group in which cytokines and MSC feeder cells were added to medium. After culture for 4, 7, 10, 14 days the MNC amount was counted and expansion ability of CD34+ cells was evaluated. The immunotypes of CD34+ cells and subsets, homing adhesion molecules and colony-forming ability in different groups detected by flow cytometry. The results showed that the amount of MNCs and CD34+ cells all obviously increased during culture for 14 days, the expansion levels of MNCs in 3 groups were HSPC+MSC+CK group>HSPC+CK group>HSPC+MSC group in proper order. Within 10 days of expansion in vitro amount of MNCs obtained significant expansion, meantime the expansion of CD34+ cells was higher also. The CD34+ count in 3 groups at day 4 of culture decreased significantly as compared with 0 day of culture (p<0.01). The CD34+ cells ratios in 3 groups after expansion were HSPC+MSC group>HSPC+MSC+CK group>HSPC+CK group in proper order (p<0.01), while CD34+ subset levels in 3 groups were different, the CD34+CD38- cells in HSPC+CK group at 4 days of culture increased transiently (62.71%), then quickly decreased, the CD34+CD38- cell ratio at day 7 was 0.05%, while the CD34+CD38- cell ratio in HSPC+MSC group at day 7 was 18.92%, difference was significant as compared with HSPC+CK group (p<0.05). The analysis of colony-forming units showed that the colony-forming ability at various time points after expansion all sustained in high level. It is concluded that in short-time (<7 day) culture of UCB CD34+ cells the combination of MSCs with cytokines can significantly expand the CD34+ cells and make the HSPCs to maintain original biologic characteristics.

Objective: To understand the current situations of saturnism and blood lead levels of children resided in village and circumjacent areas, and to know its relations with sex, age and other factors on children' s health as to providing some evidences for prevention and control., Methods: An epidemiological survey was conducted for finding out the pollution sources and for a better understanding of the surrounding environment. All 221 children under 14 years old, from the lead pollution villages and surrounding establishments were enrolled, and their blood lead levels were detected by graphite atomizer absorption spectrophotometer method. Symptoms of the saturnism were investigated through a standardized questionnaire. SPSS13.0 software was administrated for data analysis., Results: High blood lead level identification rate was 66.06% (146/221), and saturnism rate 32.13% (71/221). The children's blood lead levels among group 1, group 2, group 3 in this village and jade factory were (161.20 +/- 32.94), (176.60 +/- 43.62), (258.00 +/-106.08) and (238.01 +/- 55.20) microg/L respectively and the significant differences were observed through Kruskal-Wallis test (chi2 = 51.84, df= 3, P<0. 01). The blood lead levels of children from group 3 in this village and the jade factory were higher than those of other two groups. No correlation was found between children's age and blood lead level (r = 0.10, P = 0.13). There was a significant difference in blood lead levels between boys and girls (t' = 3.83, P<0.01). With the children's blood lead levels rising, the occurrence rate of main saturnism symptoms was significantly increased. This survey suggested that the pollution source was a coarse lead smelter., Conclusion: The blood lead level should ke overwhelmingly increased among children who live nearby the higher level of lead blood, that living nearby the lead smeltery,might result in stautnism and negative effect on children's healthy.