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Objective: To establish a preparation method of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz polysaccharide (AMP) sulfate with anti-hyperplasia of mammary. Methods: AMP were sulfated by sulfated method, and the optimal conditions for the sulfated modification were determined by response surface methodology. The structures of AMP and SAMP were initially analyzed by infrared spectroscopy (IR) and High-Performance Gel Chromatography (HPGPC). The anti-oxidative activity in vitro of polysaccharide was investigated by testing the DPPH, ABTS+, OH free radical scavenging ability of AMP and SAMP. Rat model of mammary gland hyperplasia was established by intramuscular injection of estradiol benzoate and progesterone. The rats weight and breast diameter were recorded and the pathological organization form of mammary gland of rats were observed. Results: The optimum preparation conditions were as follows: Ratio of conditions of volume ratio of sulfuric acid and n-butanol 2:1, reaction temperature −4 ℃, reaction time 21 min. The degree of substitution of SAMP was 0.59±0.00391. The HPGPC results showed the relative molecular weights for AMP and SAMP were 2719 and 33524 Da, respectively. The IR spectra showed that SAMP had characteristic absorption peaks of S=O and C-O-S appeared near 833 and 1226 cm−1, indicating that the sulfated was successful. When the sample concentration was 0.5 mg/mL, the DPPH, ABTS+, OH free radical scavenging activities of SAMP were 54.91% , 38.21%, and 42.23%, respectively. Compared with the model group, the diameter of the nipples of the rats in the SAMP group decreased (P

Objective: To investigate the hypoglycemic effect of Aronia melanocarpa fruit (AMF) and its effect on lipid metabolism. Methods: Use streptozotocin (STZ) to induce the type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mouse model. The models were randomly divided into 7 groups: The model group, the metformin hydrochloride group (40 mg/kg·bw), the AMF total flavonoids groups (75, 150, 300 mg/kg·bw) and the AMF juice group (10 mL/kg·bw), and the blank control group. This study detected the effects of each group on the physiological indices, water intake, food intake, organ index and fasting blood glucose values of the T2DM mice, tested the serum levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and performed pathological observations on the liver and pancreas tissues of the mice. Results: All the AMF total flavonoids groups and juice group had significant hypoglycemic effects on STZ-induced T2DM mice (P

The residual magnetism produced during the construction and inspection of long-distance oil and gas pipelines can cause the magnetic blow of welding arc, which may affect the welding progress and quality of pipelines and even threaten their intrinsic safety. The high residual magnetism of China–Russia Eastern Gas Pipeline Project using largediameter and high-grade pipes brought a greater challenge to the available demagnetization technology and the service ability of demagnetization equipment. For this reason, the permanent magnet demagnetization technology was introduced, and the permanent demagnetization was realized through the dynamic demagnetization tests designed based on the response surface method. In addition, the accuracy of experiment results was verified by the electromagnetic field simulation of pipelines. The results show that the magnetic field intensity of demagnetization equipment is an important factor influencing the demagnetization effect of pipelines. Specifically, the demagnetization rate increases with the demagnetization intensity increasing. However, the operation velocity of demagnetization equipment does not affect the demagnetization effect significantly. The research results could provide a new research direction and idea in terms of the demagnetization technology for pipelines.

Objective: To prepare an efficient and specific antibody against Cronobacter sakazakii and its immunomagnetic beads, and establish a method of immunoenrichment combined with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) for the detection of Cronobacter sakazakii in milk powder. Methods: The antibody and its immune beads of Cronobacter sakazakii were prepared, the capture rate of immune magnetic beads was studied in pure culture and milk powder matrix. The specific of the beads were identified and verified by using MALDI-TOF MS. Results: The capture rate of four strains of Cronobacter sakazakii and its mixed bacteria in the pure culture and milk powder matrix were all over 80%, and the results of MALDI-TOF MS showed that the identification were better under different contamination conditions of different impurities in the milk powder matrix, even under the high proportion of (1:100) of the bacteria, it could be used to identify Cronobacter sakazakii in milk powder accurately, at this time, the concentration of Cronobacter sakazakii in the sample was only 20 CFU/mL. Conclusion: A simple and accurate method for the detection of Cronobacter sakazakii in milk powder by immunoenrichment and MALDI-TOF MS was established, which provided a new method reference for the rapid and accurate identification of Cronobacter sakazakii in milk powder.

Objective: To prepare acetylated Taraxacum mongolicum polysaccharide from Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz, and study its structural characteristics, antioxidant activity and antibacterial activity. Methords: The structure of the polysaccharide extracted by water extraction and then alcohol precipitation method was modified by acetic anhydride method to obtain its acetylated. Infraed spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope and X-ray powder diffraction were used to structural characteristics of the polysaccharide and its acetylated. On the basis, the antioxidant activities were evaluated by 1,1-Dipheny1-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals, superoxide anion free radicals, hydroxyl free radicals and reducing power scavenging abilities using chemical model method, and the anti-bacteria tests was evaluated through the paper method in vitro. Results: The extraction yield of purified dandelion polysaccharide was 68.75%. Infraed spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope and X-ray powder diffraction of characterization confirmed the successful synthesis of acetylated. The basic structure framework of polysaccharide was not changed after being modified with acetylated. In the concentration range of 0.1～2.0 mg/mL, IC50 values were 5.393±0.941 and 2.153±0.093 mg/mL for pure polysaccharide and acetylated polysaccharides against 1,1-dipheny1-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals, respectively, 6.513±0.500 and 2.092±0.825 mg/mL against superoxide anion, respectively, 0.626±0.034 and 0.322±0.010 mg/mL against hydroxyl radical, respectively, and the maximum scanning rates were 0.138±0.019 and 0.239±0.022 reducing power, respectively. As the concentration increased, the antioxidant activity of acetylated polysaccharides increased gradually. In addition, the antibacterial airyctivity of the acetylated polysaccharides was stronger than the unmodified polysaccharides, and the antibaterial activity with the increase of polysaccharide cincentration. Conclusion: The structural stability of purified Taraxacum mongolicum polysaccharide was increased after being modified with acetylated, leading to a significant increase in the antioxidant activity and antibiacterial in vitro.

ObjectivesThis paper presents a non-singular terminal sliding mode track control method based on a finite-time disturbance observer to solve the problem of accurately tracking and controlling an the 3D trajectory of an unmanned underwater vehicle under complex external disturbances.MethodsA non-singular terminal sliding mode track controller is designed to ensure that the tracking error converges to zero accurately within a limited time. A finite-time disturbance observer is designed to improve the anti-jamming ability of the system under external multidimensional time-varying disturbances.ResultsThe Lyapunov function is used to prove that the designed control strategy can remain stable for a limited time. MATLAB is used for the simulation experiment, and a comparison with the backstepping sliding mode control method under step disturbance shows that the method presented in this paper achieves accurate trajectory tracking.ConclusionsThe results of this paper can provide a solution for accurately tracking the 3D trajectories of unmanned underwater vehicles.

Objectives The problem of autonomous obstacle avoidance of unmanned surface vehicles (USV) under dense obstacle sea conditions is studied. Methods An improved dual-window dynamic window approach (DWA) obstacle avoidance algorithm based on a fuzzy control strategy is proposed; that is, a sensing window based on an onboard sensor is designed on the basis of the conventional speed window, and a dual-window model composed of the speed window and sensing window is further optimized. The speed space is constrained and the weight of the evaluation function is dynamically adjusted based on the fuzzy control strategy in accordance with the obstacle distribution state and distance between the USV and obstacles. Results The simulation experimental results show that, compared with the original DWA algorithm, the path planned by the improved algorithm under unknown dense obstacle sea conditions is smoother and more reasonable, which not only solves the problem of USVs detouring outside dense obstacle groups, but also improves the safety of obstacle avoidance navigation and reduces the number of iterations and running time by more than 20%. Conclusions The results of this study have certain reference value for research on the autonomous obstacle avoidance technology of USVs.

Polyethylene glycol/graphene aerogel (LPGA) was prepared through the combination of reductive self-assembly and cross-linking induction with L-ascorbic acid as reducing agent and polyethylene glycol as crosslinking agent. This strategy can not only improve the hydrophilicity of LPGA, but also improve its structural stability. The results show that the prepared LPGA possesses advantages of super-hydrophilicity (water contact angle is 0°), ultra-light weight (density is about 6.5 mg/cm3), and outstanding structural stability (bearing about 2 500 times of its own weight). When the LPGA was applied to quinoline adsorption in the solution with an initial concentration of 50 mg/L at 298 K, the equilibrium adsorption capacity of LPGA towards quinoline reached 83.62 mg/g.

Objective To investigate the best assessment time of short-latency somatosensory-evoked potential (SLSEP) and brain stem auditory-evoked potential (BAEP) in predicting the prognosis of patients with acute severe stroke. Methods Fifty-two patients who were diagnosed as supratentorial massive cerebral infarction or large-volume cerebral hemorrhage by brain CT and/or MRI examination with Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) ≤ 12 were selected as observation subjects. GCS, SLSEP and BAEP were recorded at 1-3 and 4-7 d after onset. Outcomes were examined 6 months later using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). A mRS score of 0-4 was considered as favorable outcome while a score of 5-6 was considered as unfavorable. The correlation between different predictive indexes (GCS, SLSEP and BAEP) and outcome (mRS) was analyzed. The predictive accuracy was also analyzed. Results At 1-3 d after onset, there was no correlation between all the predictors and outcome (P > 0.05, for all). At 4-7 d after onset, SLSEP and BAEP were significantly correlated with mRS (P < 0.01, for all; C > 0.400). At 4-7 d after onset, the prognostic sensitivity of SLSEP and BAEP Ⅴ wave was 85.71%-97.62% ; prognostic specificity of BAEP was 80.00%-90.00%; positive predictive value of all predictors was 89.13%-96.88%; negative predictive value of SLSEP was 83.33%-85.71% ; total predictive accuracy of SLSEP was 88.46%-90.38%. The predictive accuracy of both SLSEP and BAEP achieved the clinical expectation, and the former is better than the latter. Conclusions SLSEP and BAEP have a high accuracy rate in predicting the unfavorable prognosis of patients with acute severe stroke 4-7 d after onset. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2015.12.004

Paddy soils not only function as an important sink for "missing carbon" but also play an important role in the production of greenhouse gases such as N2O and CH4. Dynamic changes in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere are closely related to microbially mediated carbon and nitrogen transformation processes occurring in soil. Using soil samples collected from a long-term fertilization experimental site in Taojiang County, subtropical China (established in 1986), we determined the effects of long-term (>25 years) non-fertilization (CK), chemical fertilization (NPK), and NPK combined with rice straw residues (NPKS) on soil bacterial and archaeal community structures. The 16S rRNA genotypes from the three differently treated soils were divided into 9 bacterial phylotypes, mainly including Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, and archaea of Crenarchaeota and Eu-ryarchaeota. The relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria and Crenarchaeota increased in the soils under NPK and NPKS treatments, with the increase being greater in the latter treatment. LURSHUFF statistical analyses also demonstrated that there was significant difference among the microbial community compositions in CK-, NPK- and NPKS-treated soils. The abundance of bacterial and archaeal 16S rRNA genes ranged from 0.58 X 1010 to 1.06 X 1010 eopies . g-1 dry soil and from 1.16 X 106 to 1.72 X 106 copies . g-1 dry soil, respectively. Application of fertilizers increased the bacterial and archaeal abundance and diversity in the treated soils, with NPKS>NPK. Long-term chemical and organic applications significantly affected the abundance, diversity and composition of bacterial and archaeal communities in paddy ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two echelon maintenance and support system was evaluated under limited repair capacity. System contained several bases and a central depot, and multi-class items move in the system. Each base and the depot had an inventory and a repair shop, and inventory used (S - 1, S) policy. Each repair shop had limited repair capacity, multi-class items shared the repair resource, M/M/c model was used to analyze the repair queue in each repair shop. Transporting time for moving failed items or good items between bases and depot are considered, and M/G/∞ model was used to analyze the transporting queue. Calculated spare part's fill rate and excepted back order for evaluating the performance of the system. An example at last was presented, the system was evaluated under the same scenario with the use of the proposed model, METRIC model and simulation method, the quality of the proposed model was demonstrated through the comparison of the three models' results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the mineralization and decomposition of autotrophic microbe assimilated carbon (new carbon) and native organic carbon in three upland and three paddy soils in subtropical China were measured using the 14C-labelled tracer technique. The results showed that, during the 100-d incubation, the mineralization of the 'new carbon' displayed three stages: a rise in the first 10 days, a slowdown from 11-d to 50-d, and a stabilization stage after 50 d. The mineralization ratio of the 'new carbon' ranged between 8. 0% and 26. 9% and the mineralization rate ranged from 0. 01 to 0. 22 μg 14C · g-1 · d-1(0. 01-0. 22 μg 14C · g-1 · d-1 in paddy soils and 0. 01-0. 08 μg 14C · g-1 · d-1 in upland soils). However, the mineralization ratio and rate for native SOC were 1. 55% -5. 74% and 1. 3-25. 66 μg C · g-1 · d-1, respectively. In the soil active C pools, the 14C-dissolved organic carbon (DOC) first rose by as much as 0. 3 mg · kg-1 in the early stages of incubation (0-10 d), decreased rapidly by 0. 42 mg · kg-1 from 10-30 d, and then declined gradually. The fluctuation of the 14C-microbial biomass carbon (MBC) differed from that of the 14C-DOC. At the beginning stage of the incubation (0-10 d), the 14C-MBC decreased rapidly, and then rapidly increased from 10 to 30 d, and the rate of increase reduced and was gradually stabilized after 40 d. The 14C-DOC/ DOC renewal rate in the paddy soil was significantly higher than in the upland soil while the 14C-MBC/ MBC renewal rate in the upland soil was significantly greater than in the paddy soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To overcome the defectt in traditional speedometer of wheeled autonomout mobile robot, tuch at wheel tlipping, lower accuracy of the data with the accumulation of error, thit paper propotet a new method of detecting mileage for wheeled autonomout mobile robot bated on magnetic navigation system and RFID technology. In the ettablithment of magnetic navigation system, thit method it implemented. The method it to control the gap of laying magnetic marker and get the interval between the magnetic field of two neighboring magnetic marker, and then record the counts of not detecting the magnetic signal at wheeled autonomout mobile robot movet. it alto combinet the length of the gap among laying magnetic marker and modification value offered by RFID. Finally, the structure and the software and hardware detign and implementation of main function modulet in the system are given in detail, and the experiment result thow that the system it effective and reliable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the procedural structure of the law, arbitration and civil action are the important way and form to solve contract dispute and other property right dispute which happen among the equal subjects about citizen, legal persons and other organizations. At the present time, most people choose the civil action, which makes arbitration resource not be fully used. The main reason is that the cognition of "going to the court in dispute" has been deeply ingrained in people's habitual thinking. Since the court is considered as the authority and mandatory, people always neglect the superiority of arbitration. In order to take full advantage of the arbitration resource, our society should enhance the popularization and education of the arbitration law; arbitration organization should display the function and role through high quality outcome of the arbitration; the court should properly guide and help more people choose the arbitration; and the system of arbitration should be perfected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mode-coupling is one of the major unstable mechanisms in friction induced self-excited oscillation systems. This paper constructs a 2-DOF nonlinear mass-conveyor belt system in order to analyze this problem. Using the Routh criterion, the mathematical expression of the Hopf bifurcation point is given out. At the same time, the variation state of the bifurcation point and the eigenvalue bifurcation diagrams are also presented when the system parameters change. The extended harmonic balance method is advanced, through which the analytic solutions of the limit cycle amplitude of the self-excited oscillation system are obtained. Furthermore, the effects of the outside and the structural parameter changes on the limit cycles are investigated. Discussions demonstrate that the change of the outside parameters (belt velocity and friction coefficient) will lead to regular variations of limit cycle amplitudes, while the change of the structural parameters (damping ratio and natural frequency) will induce complex dynamic behaviors of the limit cycles. The research method and results may provide a theoretical analysis reference for the structure design of mechanical systems as well as vibration reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mutton is a high-quality meat with high nutritional value. However, the typical species-specific flavor (odor) of mutton affects its quality and limits its consumer acceptance. Studies have shown that the major substances that cause mutton odor are 4-alkyl branched fatty acids, 3-methylindole, 4-methylphenol, stearic acids, and amino acids. The composition and formation pathway of mutton odor substances are complex and influenced by various factors such as nutrition, feeding system, variety, sex, age, and tissue position, so it is difficult to reduce mutton odor. Therefore, this article reviews the sources and formation mechanisms of mutton odor substances, the factors affecting the formation of mutton odor substances, and deodorization methods, which will provide a basis for scientifically regulating the flavor of mutton and its products.

The research progress in chemical crosslinking and filler enhancement of tetrapropyl fluoro elastomer was reviewed at home and abroad with 39 references. The key roles of co-crosslinkers and fillers were elucidated in the construction of crosslinking networks. The aging mechanism of tetrapropyl fluoro elastomer was summarized syste-matically under environmental conditions such as heat, oxygen, acid and alkali, and hydrogen sulfide.

In order to accurately evaluate the aroma quality of watermelon grown in dry sandy soil, the volatile aroma components of 9 major watermelon cultivars planted in Jingyuan, Gansu province were identified and analyzed using headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The 15 major quality traits of watermelon were comprehensively evaluated by coefficient of variation and grey correlation analysis. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to identify and analyze the major aroma components in watermelon. The grey correlation analysis showed that Kangle 6, Xisha 1 and Longke 13 ranked top three in terms of comprehensive quality. A total of 77 volatile aroma components were detected in the nine cultivars. Kangle 6 had the largest number (37) of volatile aroma components, of which 10 were unique to Kangle 6. Principal component analysis (PCA) divided the nine cultivars into four groups based on volatile aroma composition. Group I included Longke 13, Laojincheng, Xinjincheng, Laojincheng 5, Jinhua 1, and Longxingjincheng. Group II included Kangle 6. Group III included Xisha 1. Group IV included Linfengjuxing. Furthermore, the major volatile aroma components of each group were identified. There was a significantly positive correlation between the number of volatile aroma components and the grey correlation coefficient of comprehensive quality, suggesting that watermelon cultivars with excellent quality traits usually contain relatively abundant volatile aroma components.

Objective To investigate the effect of allicin on the reduction of learning ability and hippocampal neuronal apoptosis of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) in rats. Methods The rats were divided into control group, model group, low-dose(10 mg/kg) and high-dose(40 mg/kg) of allicin group as well as positive drug group (modafinil, 20 mg/kg) with 18 in each. Morris water maze method was used to evaluate the learning ability of rats. HE and TUNEL staining microscopy was used to observe hippocampal tissue lesions and neuron apoptosis index (AI). ELISA method was used to detect tumor necrosis factor(TNF-α) and interleukin-6(IL-6) and advanced glycation end products (AGEs)in hippocampal tissue. RT-qPCR was used to detect advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor (RAGE), nuclear transcription factor κB(NF-κB) p65, B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2 associated X protein(Bax) mRNA expression. Western blot was used to detect RAGE, NF-κB p65, p-NF-κB p65, Bcl-2 and Bax protein. Results Compared with the control group, the escape latency was longer, travel time was shorter, cross-platform times was reduced. The expressions of TNF-α, IL-6, AGEs, AI, RAGE, Bax mRNA and RAGE, p-NF-κB p65, Bax protein were increased while Bcl-2 mRNA and protein expression decreased in the model group(P＜0.05). Compared with the model group, the above changes in the low-dose, high-dose allcin and positive drug group were significantly alleviated. HE results showed that the damage of hippocampal neurons in each treatment group was significantly mitigated. Conclusions Allicin can effectively improve learning ability and reduce apoptosis of hippocampal neurons in OSAHS rats, which may play a role through AGEs-RAGE/NF-κB axis and apoptosis-related mRNA and protein expression.

RNA binding motif protein (RBM) is a type of RNA binding protein, which contains RNA recognition motif, RNA binding motif and ribo-nucleo-protein motif. The alternative splicing mediated by members of the RBM family is closely related to myocardial contractile proteins, myocardial development and myocardial sodium channels, which play an important role in pathogenesis of myocardial diseases and even heart failure.

Objective To analyze the effect of surgical margin on the prognosis of patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), and to explore the distance of margin of ICC hepatectomy to be recommended. Methods The clinical and pathological data of patients with ICC were collected from January 2011 to January 2017 in the Cancer Hospital in Beijing. Single-factor and multi-factor Cox analysis were used to explore risk factors that affected the prognosis of ICC. Kaplan-Meier method was used for recurrent free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) curves. Restricted cubic splines (RCS) were used to study the relationship between R0 margin distance and OS or RFS, and the recommended distance of surgical margin. Results There were 71 patients with median RFS 8 months and OS 17 months after follow-up from 2 to 107 months in this study. One, 3 and 5 year RFS were 35%, 20% and 10%, and OS 68%, 38%, and 23%, respectively. It was shown by Cox regression analysis that the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging, surgical margin, alpha-fetoprotein, carbohydrate antigen 19-9 were independent risk factors of the prognosis of ICC patients. R0 resection was in 59 (83%) cases and R1 resection in 12 (17%) cases. R0 resection was found to be more likely in the patients when tumor was single, in stage Ⅰ or stage Ⅱ of AJCC or of Liver Cancer Study Group of Japan (LCSGJ) after comparison the preoperative clinicopathological factors between R0 resection and R1 resection. Original data was pathological margin and for the shrinkage during preparation of pathological specimens, the pathological margin converted to surgical margin. Using restricted cubic spline and Kaplan-Meier method it was shown that wider margin group (>0.5 cm-0.1 cm-≤0.5 cm). Conclusions R1 resection would be an independent risk factor for the prognosis of ICC patients. When the tumor is single, AJCC staging or LCSGJ staging in stage Ⅰ or stage Ⅱ, it could be more likely to have R0 resection and surgical margin at least 0.5 cm or more could improve the prognosis.

Recent research progress in curing system of silicone rubber was reviewed from the optimization of traditional vulcanization system and the development of new vulcanization system with 53 references. The advantages and disadvantages of organic peroxide curing systems, the effect of the catalysts and inhibitors on hydrosilylation curing systems, and the effect of the crosslinking agents and catalysts on functional group condensation curing systems were analyzed, and the new curing systems including radiation-induced curing systems, photoinitiated curing systems, curing systems based on click chemistry, and reversible covalent (non-covalent) curing systems were briefly introduced. Finally, some suggestions on the future development of silicone rubber curing system were also put forward.

Circulating cell-free DNA(cf DNA) detection in peripheral blood is becoming increasingly convenient and inexpensive with the development of genetic testing technology. It provides a new option for diagnosis, prognosis prediction, post-treatment evaluation and disease surveillance of lymphoma patients. Especially in targeted therapy, lymphoma typing and diagnosis tend to be based on genetic characteristics, and the advantages of cf DNA detection from peripheral blood sample increasingly prominent.

Objective To evaluate the effect of pitavastatin on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level and cholesterol efflux and antioxidative properties of HDL in patients with dyslipidemia and stable coronary disease. Methods The study population included 60 patients with stable coronary disease and dyslipidemia. They were randomly allocated to treatment by pitavastatin 2-4 mg per day or atorvastatin 10-20 mg per day and followed up for six months. The cholesterol efflux and activities of antioxidative enzymes paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) were evaluated before and after statins treatment. Results The effect of the 6-month treatment with pitavastatin on serum HDL-C level was significantly greater than that of atorvastatin (% change: pitavastatin 9.0% vs atorvastatin 1.8%, P＜0.01). HDL induced cholesterol efflux increased significantly after the 6- month treatment with pitavastatin while it not was affected by atorvastatin treatment. However, HDL-associated PON-1 in both pitavastatin group and atovastatin group all increased. The activity of PON-1 increased by 21% with pitavastatin and 24% with atorvastatin, while the activity of arylesterase increased by 18% with pitavastatin and 17% with atorvastatin (P＜0.001). Conclusions Pitavastatin elevates the HDL-C level, enhances the cholesterol efflux and antioxidative effect of HDL. Therefore, pitavastatin increases the amount of functional HDL without attenuating HDL quality.

The majority of soil nitrogen is closely associated with soil organic matter, the cleavage of high molecular weight organic N such as protein to smaller soluble compounds (e.g amino acids) is a key step in the terrestrial N cycle. Therefore, as amino acids occupy a central position in understanding the N biogeochemical cycling processes and ecosystem functions, using natural abundance level isotopic information of amino acids or the heavier isotope 15N as a tracer helps advance the knowledge of soil fertility and its biological mechanism. Currently isotope pool dilution approach and compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) approaches have been successful established to measure amino acid in soils. However, both of them need large sample requirements and labor-consuming isolation procedures for the isotope analysis of amino acids. In this study, a novel distillation-chemical conversion N2O approach based on the 15N analysis by the oxidation of amino groups to NO2- and further reduction to N2O was described, followed by PreCon isotope ratio mass spectrometry (PreCon-IRMS). Sample preparation was carried out by our self-developed device-automatic micro-nitrogen conversion N2O generating device, allowing either helium (He) purging of gas or liquid charging from a range of suitable, airtight bottles. The reaction conditions for the N2O production were explored and optimized, including the hypobromite concentration, NaOH concentration, and amino acid mixtures concentration. The nitrogen stable isotope abundance in standard solutions of amino acid mixtures with different concentrations and 15N abundance, as well as the nitrogen stable isotope abundance of free amino acids in tested soil were analyzed by using the newly developed pretreatment method combined with the PreCon-IRMS system. The results showed that the developed method coupled IRMS analytical system was able to measure the 15N abundance in all standard solutions and soil extracts with good precision of 0.2%-08% (CV

More and more attentions were being paid to the study of tumor stem cells. It has been demonstrated that tumor stem cells were present in both differentiated thyroid cancer with a good prognosis as papillary or follicular cancer and undifferentiated ones with poor prognosis. Thyroid cancer stem cells (TCSCs) play a major role in tumor genesis, progression and metastasis, and may even be the root of recurrence and drug resistance in thyroid cancers. Therefore, the study of TCSCs is great importance to thyroid cancer treatment. In this paper, the authors reviewed the latest researches progress on the origin and survival pathways of TCSCs.

Objective To observe the changes of insulin sensitivity of flavonoids 4, 4'-dimethoxy chalcone (DMC) in mice fed on high-fat diet (HFD) and to investigate its effect. Methods Wild-type C57/BL 6 mice fed on HFD were divided into control group and experimental group. DMC and solvent DMSO were injected intraperitoneally at 3 μg/kg every other day. Food intake and body weight of the two groups were recorded weekly, glucose tolerance test (GTT), insulin tolerance test (ITT) and sodium pyruvate tolerance test(PTT) were measured at week 6. The adipose tissues were examined by immunohistochemistry and HE staining. Results Compared with the control mice, the mice treated with DMC drug was no different in body weight and food intake. ITT indicated that DMC administration increased insulin sensitivity (P＜0.05), but GTT and PTT showed no significant difference. HE staining microscopy showed that adipose tissue contained less mononuclear cells in mice treated with DMC than control mice. There was weak staining for F4/80 in the adipose tissue of mice treated with DMC, defined as F4/80-positive cells. Conclusions DMC can improve the insulin sensitivity of mice in high-fat diet by decreasing the infiltration of macrophages in adipose tissue.

Objective A retrospective analysis of the clinical and pathological features of an anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) with cavernous sinus syndrome as its first symptom. Methods and Results A 35-year-old woman had head and facial pain for a month, diplopia for 7 d, right eyelid drooped for 4 d. Head MRI showed abnormal signals in right cavernous sinus, and pituitary adenoma or carvernous sinus syndrome were considered. Partial tumor resection was performed after hormone therapy was failed. Histological manifestations revealed that the tumor cells were diffuse and heterogeneous with abundant and pink stained cytoplasm, round, oval, irregular or kidney-shaped nuclei. Immunohistochemical staining showed that CD30 and CD56 were positive on the membrane, and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) was positive on membrane and cytoplasm, and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) was negative. Ki-67 labeling index was 80%. Unfortunately, this patient died 3 weeks later after the operation, because of severe illness and intolerance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Conclusions The diagnosis of ALCL should be considered when cavernous sinus syndrome as the clinical symptom, and pathological examination should be performed if necessary. It should be differentiated from some tumors, such as undifferentiated non-keratinizing nasopharyngeal carcinoma, germinoma, plasmablastic lymphoma, malignant melanoma and Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL). DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2019.09.014

The availability of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and other substrates in soil determines the growth and metabolism of microorganisms and affects the activity of extracellular enzymes. To study the activities of β -1,4-glucosidase (BG) and β -1,4- N -acetylglucosaminidase (NAG) in response to C and N availability, samples that underwent four treatments-non-fertilization (CK), chemical fertilizer (NPK), combination of organic manure and chemical fertilizer (OM), and mixture of straw and chemical fertilizer (ST)-were collected from long-term fertilization paddy soil and incubated for 0, 4, 8, and 12 months to obtain soil with different C and N availability gradients. The results showed that the dissolved organic carbon(DOC) content of OM and ST treatment samples was 2-3 times higher than that of CK and NPK treatment samples. With the increase of DOC and ammonium (NH 4 + -N) contents, the activities of BG and NAG and the contents of microbial biomass C (MBC) and N (MBN) showed no increase during incubation within each treatment. Fertilization treatments, incubation time, and their interaction are crucial factors varying the contents of DOC, NH 4 + -N, MBC, and MBN among different fertilization treatments ( P <0.01). There was a positive correlation between MBC/MBN and DOC/NH 4 + -N of OM treatment ( P <0.05) and a negative relationship between ln(BG)/ln(NAG) and DOC/NH 4 + -N of ST treatment ( P <0.01), indicating that the availability of substrates played a key role in the potential activity of extracellular enzymes in paddy soil, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio of microbial biomass was controlled by the C/N stoichiometry of substrates in soil. The results have a certain guiding significance for further study on the variation of extracellular enzyme activity in paddy soil, regulating the balance of carbon and nitrogen, and improving the fertility of paddy soil.

This research studied the response of the input and allocation of photosynthetic carbon (C) to phosphorus (P) in paddy soils. Two treatments were conducted in this experiment:no P application (P 0 ) and the application of 80 mg·kg -1 of P (P 80 ). The rice cultivar was the indica Zhongzao 39. The 13 C-CO 2 continuous labeling technique was used to identify the photosynthetic C distribution of the rice. The results showed that the application of P 80 significantly increased the photosynthates allocation in the rice aboveground, but reduced their allocation in the rhizosphere soil ( P <0.05). At the jointing stage, P 80 application increased the photosynthetic C content of the rice by 70%, but the root dry weight decreased 31%. Compared with P 0 , the total C content of the aboveground rice was increased 0.31 g·pot -1 by P 80 . The ratio of rice roots to shoots decreased with the P 80 treatment. Moreover, P 80 application led to an increase in the photosynthetic microbial biomass in the non-rhizosphere soil C ( 13 C-MBC) of 0.03 mg·kg -1 , but still decreased its allocation in the rhizosphere soil. The allocation of photosynthetic C to the particulate organic matter fraction (POC) and mineral fraction (MOC) in the non-rhizosphere soil showed no significant differences between P 0 and P 80 . Additionally, the P 80 fertilization treatment significantly lowered the content of POC in the rhizosphere soil. In summary, P application increased the allocation of photosynthetic C in the soil-rice system, but reduced the accumulation of photosynthetic C in the soil. This research provided a theoretical basis and data supporting the rational application of P fertilizer, and was also of great significance as a study of the transportation and allocation of photosynthetic C and its sequestration potential response to the application of P to the rice soil.

Available carbon is the most active part of the soil carbon pool. It is also the main carbon source of soil microbes and plays an important role in the processes of soil organic carbon mineralization and accumulation. However, the mechanisms are still not clear how soil organic carbon mineralization and its priming effect (PE) are affected by different input levels of readily available carbon, based on the growth requirements of microbes in paddy soil. In this study, an incubation experiment was conducted by adding different levels (0.5, 1, 3, and 5 times of MBC) of exogenous source organic carbon ( 13 C-glucose) to the soil. The mineralization dynamics of labile organic carbon and its priming effect was investigated. The mineralization rate of glucose-C increased significantly with the increasing carbon loading level. The distribution of glucose-C into rapid and slow C pools was also exponentially correlated with the carbon loading ( R 2 =0.99, P <0.05 and R 2 =0.99, P <0.05, respectively). Negative PE was observed at high carbon loading (3×MBC and 5×MBC); while positive PE was induced by low carbon loading (0.5×MBC and 1×MBC). The cumulative PE was 160.0 mg·kg -1 and 325.1 mg·kg -1 , respectively, at the end of the incubation. Redundancy analysis showed that the main factors affecting the cumulative PE were MBC, MBN, and DOC at the initial glucose mineralization stage, while β -glucosidase, chitinase, and ammonium nitrogen were the main factors at later stages. Therefore, the readily available carbon loading has an important effect on the organic carbon mineralization and PE in paddy soil. Higher carbon loading was good for the accumulation of organic carbon sequestration in paddy soil. This study is of great scientific significance for revealing the activity of organic carbon in paddy fields and for its contribution to the development of sustainable agriculture.

The variation characteristics of ecological stoichiometric ratios can reflect the nature of plant adaptation to environmental changes. The C, N, and P contetns, and their stoichiometric ratios in different organs of rice were studied using a CO 2 continuous labeling system, by simulating the increase of atmospheric CO 2 concentration (800×10 -6 ). The results showed that CO 2 doubling promoted the growth of rice organs and increased the root/shoot ratio. CO 2 doubling reduced the shoot TN content in different growth periods, increased the C/N ratio in the rice root, shoot, and grain, decreased the N use efficiency, and improved the P use efficiency. Multiple comparison and Venn diagram analyses showed that CO 2 concentration only has a significant impact on the TN content in the rice shoot; it contributed little to the variation in rice nutrient content and their stoichiometric ratios, indicating that CO 2 doubling had no effect on these. Under the condition of elevated atmospheric CO 2 concentrations, the C, N, and P contents and their stoichiometirc ratios, in rice organs had good homeostasis, and the stoichiometric change during growth periods was consistent with "the Growth Rate Theory". In farmland management, appropriate nitrogen fertilizers can alleviate the nutrient balance pressure caused by the increase in CO 2 concentration.

Objective: To research the effects of five Chinese herbs of Artemisia argyi, Chimonanthus praecox, Agastache rugosa , pine needles and Osmamthus fragrans on human demodicid mites in vitro ., Methods: The human demodicid mites were acquired with the cellophane tape method. The ethanol heat reflux extractions were carried out on the 5 kinds of Chinese herbs to be studied and Stemona sessilifolia as the positive control, so as to get the herbal extracts. Next, the drug administration was carried out to the demodicid mites, and the inhibitory or killing effects of the 6 kinds of Chinese herbs above mentioned on the vermiform mites were observed under a microscope. It was considered to be dead when the bodies of the demodicid mites stopped moving. Besides, the duration from drug administration to death of the vermiform mites was recorded., Results: Artemisia argyi, Chimonanthus praecox and Agastache rugosa could effectively inhibit and kill human demodicid mites. The effect of Artemisia argyi and Agastache rugosa was similar to the effect of Stemona sessilifolia , and the effect of Chimonanthus praecox was weaker than Stemona sessilifolia 's effect. Among them, Agastache rugosa took a relatively short time (4.60 min ± 1.66 min) min and Osmamthus fragrans took the longest time (114.65min ± 80.14min) to Demodex folliculorum ; Whereas, Artemisia argyi took the shortest time (3.56min ± 1.92 min) min and Osmamthus fragrans took the longest time (194.24min ± 134.96 min) min to Demodex brevis., Conclusions: The effects of Artemisia argyi and Agastache rugosa on human demodicid mites are similar to that of Stemona sessilifolia. The effects of Chimonanthus praecox and pine needles are weaker than that of S temona sessilifolia. Osmamthus fragrans has no acaricidal effect.

Photosynthesized carbon (C) is an important source of soil organic C in paddy fields, and its input and distribution are affected by rice growth and soil fertility. Fertilizer application plays an important role in rice growth. The 13 C pulse-labeling method was used to quantify the dynamics and distribution of input photosynthesized C in the rice-(rhizosphere-and bulk-) soil system and its response to nitrogen fertilizer (N) application. The results suggested that N fertilization significantly increased the rice aboveground and the root biomass and decreased the rice biomass root/shoot ratio. The amount of assimilated 13 C gradually decreased in the rice plants but gradually decreased over 0-6 days and increased over 6-26 days in the rhizosphere and bulk soil during rice growth. N fertilization significantly increased the amount of assimilated 13 C in the rhizosphere soil by 9.5%-32.6% compared with the control. In comparison to the unfertilized treatment, the application of N fertilization resulted in higher photosynthetic 13 C in rice aboveground and in the root by 24.5%-134.7% and 9.1%-106%, respectively. With the N fertilized and unfertilized treatments, 85.5%-93.2% and 91.3%-95.7%, respectively, of input photosynthetic 13 C was distributed in the rice plants. The results suggested that N fertilization significantly affected the distribution of photosynthesized C in the rice-soil system ( P <0.01). After 26 days of pulse labeling, the distribution of photosynthetic 13 C into rice aboveground was increased by 13.4%, while the distribution into the rhizosphere and bulk soil were decreased by 21.9% and 52.2%, respectively, in the N fertilized treatments compared with the unfertilized treatments. Therefore, the N application increased the distribution of photosynthesized carbon in the soil-rice system but decreased the accumulation in the rhizosphere and bulk soil. The findings of this study provided a theoretical basis for our understanding of the dynamic of photosynthetic C in the plant-soil system and the assimilation of the soil organic matter pool in the paddy soil ecosystem.

Objective: To investigate the Demodex infection status and influencing factors in medical students in Wuhu City., Methods: The mite specimens were collected by the cellophane tape method, and the influencing factors were investigated through the questionnaires., Results: A total of 316 medical students were surveyed, 117 students were infected with Demodex mite, and the total infection rate was 37.03%. There was no significant difference between the male and female in the infection rate ( χ 2 = 0.00, P > 0.05). Of the 117 infected cases, the infection rate of simple Demodex folliculorum was 51.28%, the infection rate of simple Demodex brevis was 24.79%, and the rate of mixed infections was 23.93%. The rate of the mild infection (83.76%) was significantly higher than that of the moderate infection (12.82%) and that of the severe infection (3.42%). The infection rate in the forehead was the highest (29.41%). Among the students with the oily skin, the infection rate of Demodex mite was related to sex. The infection rate of simple Demodex brevis in the male (3.70%) was lower than that in the female (16.42%) ( χ 2 = 6.92, P < 0.05), while the rate of the mixed infections in the male (17.28%) was higher than that in the female (4.48%) ( χ 2 = 5.91, P < 0.05). The infection rate of facial skin with symptoms (51.80%) was higher than that of normal facial skin (33.05%) ( χ 2 = 9.14, P < 0.01). There was no significant difference between the infection rate of Demodex mite and the living habits and other factors., Conclusions: There is some infection of Demodex in the medical students. The infection rate of facial skin with symptoms is higher than that of the normal facial skin. So we should strengthen the prevention and treatment of Demodex infection in medical students.

A suitable fractionation method of phosphorus (P) is a key to effective assessment of soil P componential features. Here a new biologically-based P (BBP) method was used to evaluate the P fractions in the upland and paddy soils across large-scale area in China. The soil P was divided into four components:① soluble or rhizosphere-intercepted (CaCl 2 -P), ② organic acid activated and inorganic weakly bound (Citrate-P), ③ enzyme mineralization of organic P (Enzyme-P), ④ potential activation of inorganic P (HCl-P). Then, the relationships between biologically-based P fractions and standard Olsen-P were investigated, and driving factors of P fractions were identified. The results showed that P content was in order of HCl-P>Citrate-P>Enzyme-P>CaCl 2 -P. All P components of upland soil displayed higher levels than those of paddy soil. Moreover, the P components were highly positively correlated with the Olsen-P, suggesting that each P component contributed to soil P availability. However, it was found that Olsen-P was most highly correlated with CaCl 2 -P and Enzyme-P ( R 2 =0.359; R 2 =0.386) in upland soil, while Olsen-P was most highly with Citrate-P ( R 2 =0.788) in paddy soil. This result indicated that available P of upland soil was mainly from organic P mineralization and soluble P, and available P in paddy soil was mainly from inorganic P activation. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that the P components were mainly affected by soil pH and silt content, which suggested that it could enhance the P availability via regulating soil pH in the agricultural activities.

To get a better understanding of the microbial autotrophic carbon sequestration potential of paddy fields and its mechanisms, soil incubation experiment was conducted for four representative paddy soils. The molecular biological methods[quantitative PCR (qPCR), clone library and terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) technique] based on cbbL and cbbM genes encoding the key enzymes[ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RubisCO)] of Calvin cycle were used to determine the abundance and diversity of autotrophic microbes. The results showed that, after 45 days of incubation, carbon dioxide fixation autotrophic microbial abundances were generally increased compared with those before incubation, and cbbL gene abundances were approximately three magnitudes higher than those of cbbM . Dominant microbial populations varied among the four paddy soils, and most of these OTUs were distantly related to known sequences, only part of them could be grouped into Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. RDA analysis results showed that soil organic carbon (SOC), cation exchange capacity (CEC), pH, clay, silk and sand content had significant effects on the CO 2 fixation microbial community. Consequently, the results of this study provide significant reference to understand the role of microorganisms in carbon cycle process. The results are helpful for providing a scientific basis for scientific management of paddy soil fertility and low carbon agriculture construction.

Autotrophic bacteria can assimilate atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and convert CO 2 into organic carbon. The CO 2 fixation by autotrophic bacteria is important for the improvement of carbon sequestration in agricultural soils. However, the effect of soil texture on autotrophic CO 2 fixation bacteria and their CO 2 fixation capacity is still unknown. Here, two paddy soils with different textures (loamy clay soil and sand clay loam soil) were incubated with continuous 14 C-CO 2 in a glass chamber. The two soils were developed from the same parent. At the end of 110 days incubation, the 14 C-CO 2 incorporated in soil organic carbon ( 14 C-SOC), microbial biomass carbon ( 14 C-MBC) and dissolved organic carbon ( 14 C-DOC) were measured to explore the effects of soil texture on the autotrophic bacterial CO 2 fixation rates. The effect of soil texture on the composition and diversity of autotrophic CO 2 fixation bacterial community was investigated using cloning and sequencing of the cbbL gene, which encodes ribulose-1,5-biphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RubisCO) in the Calvin cycle. The results showed that the average contents of 14 C-SOC, 14 C-MBC and 14 C-DOC were 133.81, 40.16 and 8.10 mg·kg -1 in loamy clay soil, respectively, which were significantly higher than their corresponding contents in sand clay loam soil ( P <0.05). This suggested that soil texture not only affected the amounts of autotrophic bacteria CO 2 fixation but also had an effect on the transformation of microbial assimilated 14 C in soil. The cbbL gene libraries of two soils were significantly different as revealed by libshuff analyses ( P <0.05). Phylogenetic analysis showed that cbbL sequences from the loamy clay soil were closely affiliated with known cultures such as Rhodoblastus acidophilus , Blastochloris viridis , Thauera humireducens , Mehylibium sp.and Variovorax sp., whereas these sequences belonging to the sand clay loam soil were related to branching lineages originating from Rhizobiales and Actinomycetales .Rarefaction curve, clone library coverage and diversity index analysis based on bacterial cbbL clone libraries indicated that the loamy clay soil had higher cbbL gene diversity compared to the sand clay loam soil. These results suggested that soil texture had a pronounced effect on the composition and diversity of autotrophic CO 2 fixation bacterial communities. The higher clay content, nutrient availability and cation exchange capacity may stimulate the growth and activity of autotrophic bacteria, and result in the higher amounts of 14 C in loamy clay soil. These data broaden the understanding and knowledge of mechanisms of microbial carbon fixation and their influencing factors in agricultural soils.

Objective: To understand the breeding and morphology of Lepidoglyphus destructor in college canteens in south Anhui Province., Methods: The powder and rice on the floor around dough makers, flour bags and rice bags in college canteens were collected and observed under a microscope., Results: Totally 108 samples were collected, and Acaroid mites were found in 101 of them with a detection rate of 93.52%. Totally 1 527 mites were found with an average breeding density of 1.41/g. Under the light microscope observed, the L. destructor 's four pairs of legs were tapering from tarsus . The back setae were stiff and the ventral setae were smooth and relatively short. The internal vertical seta was longer than the top of the chelicera. Dorsal seta d 3 , d 4 , lateral seta l 3 and sacral inner hair sai were the longest. The female mites were bigger than the male ones, and had more anal seta than male ones. The genital fold of female mites almost connected together, and the front-end had a crescent shaped plate cover., Conclusions: The breeding of Acaroid mites in college canteens is serious, and therefore, effective measures should be taken to prevent and control it.

Soil microbe plays an important role in carbon cycling, however, the effect of land use on soil microbe remain unclear. In present study, soil samples were collected from a long-term field experiment (Pantang Agroecosystem) in subtropical China (established in 1989), including paddy-rice (PR), upland-crop (UC), and paddy rice-upland crop rotation (PU) on soil bacterial (bacteria and Archaea) community structures. The effects of long-term different land uses were determined using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) and quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) of the 16S rRNA gene. The abundance of soil microbial 16S rRNA genes ranged from 2.5 x 10(9)-1.5 x 10(10) copies x g(-1) dry soil. Compared with the PR, UP and UC led to a significant reduction in 16S rRNA genes abundance (P < 0.05). The soil microbial communities were dominated by bacteria such as Proteobacteria (76 and 90 and 327 bp; relative abundance of 47% - 53%) and Chloroflexi (65 bp; relative abundance of 10% - 12%). RDA statistical analyses demonstrated that there were significant differences in the microbial community composition in PR, UC, and PU treated soils. Soil organic carbon and total nitrogen content were the most highly statistically significant factors which positively influenced the soil microbial population. Taken together, our findings prove the long-term different land uses significantly influence the microbial diversity and community structure. The rice planting is an effective way of sustainable utilization of subtropical red soil, and it is more advantageous to the accumulation of soil organic matter, soil fertility and microbial diversity.