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Objective To investigate the relationship of cholinergic pathway (CP) damage and cerebral cortex structure change in patients with different degree of cognitive impairment accompanied by white matter hyperintensity (WMH). Methods From March 2016 to December 2018, a total of 80 patients with WMH were rolled into WMH with no cognitive impairment group (WMH⁃CN group, n = 43), WMH with vascular cognitive impairment⁃no dementia group (WMH⁃VCIND group, n = 21) and WMH with vascular dementia group (WMH ⁃ VaD group, n = 16), according to Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDR). White matter damage in CP were evaluated by Cholinergic Pathways Hyperintensities Scale (CHIPS). MRI was performed on all patients, 34 regions of interest (ROIs) in cerebral cortex CP were marked, and layer thickness and volume were measured. Spearman rank correlation analysis and partial correlation analysis were performed to explore the correlation between the total CHIPS score of left and right hemispheres and ipsilateral cortical ROIs thickness and volume. Results 1) The CHIPS scores of WMH ⁃ CN group, WMH ⁃ VCIND group and WMH ⁃ VaD group had statistically significant differences in the whole brain (P = 0.023), the left hemisphere (P = 0.039) and the right hemisphere (P = 0.004), respectively. Among them, the CHIPS scores of WMH⁃VCIND group (P = 0.002, 0.000, 0.001) and WMH⁃VaD group (P = 0.000, 0.003, 0.000) were all higher than those of WMH⁃CN group. The CHIPS scores of three regions in WMH⁃VaD group were also higher than those in WMH⁃VCIND group (P = 0.008, 0.013, 0.020). 2) The differences of the left hemisphere ROIs layer thickness (P =0.000) and volume (P = 0.000), and the right hemisphere ROIs layer thickness (P = 0.000) were statistically significant between WMH patients and normal controls. The left hemisphere ROIs layer thickness (P =0.000, for all) and volume (P = 0.000, for all), and the right hemisphere ROIs layer thickness (P = 0.000, for all) in WMH⁃CN group, WMH⁃VCIND group and WMH⁃VaD group were all lower than those in control group. In WMH⁃VaD group, the thickness of left ROIs was higher than that of WMH⁃CN group (P = 0.000) and WMH⁃VCIND group (P = 0.036). In WMH⁃CN group, the volume of left ROIs was higher than that in WMH⁃VCIND group (P = 0.033) and lower than that in WMH⁃VaD group (P = 0.025), and the thickness of right ROIs in WMH⁃VCIND group (P = 0.001) and WMH⁃VaD group (P = 0.000) were both higher than that in WMH ⁃ CN group. 3) Correlation analysis showed that only the WMH ⁃ VCIND group had a positive correlation between left hemispheric CHIPS score and ipsilateral cortical ROIs (r = 0.439, P = 0.047). Conclusions When WMH patients with cognitive impairment, as the degree is aggravating, the thickness and volume of 34 ROIs on left hemisphere CP have a certain degree of decline. The cerebral cortex structure change was positively associated with the degree of left hemisphere CP damage, but the structural change is not obvious in right hemisphere. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2020.10.009

Objective To investigate the prognostic value of dynamic susceptibility contrast⁃enhanced MRI (DSC⁃MRI), 3D⁃arterial spin labeling (3D⁃ASL) and intravoxel incoherentmotion (IVIM) in glioblastoma. Methods From August 2016 to October 2017, a total of 34 patients with glioblastoma were enrolled. According to the overall survival (OS), they were divided into < 14 months group (17 cases) and ≥ 14 months group (17 cases). MRI conventional sequences, DSC⁃MRI, 3D⁃ASL, IVIM were acquired before operation. Multiple regions of interest (ROIs) were placed in the tumor⁃enhanced region and the peritumoral region, and recorded the values of DSC⁃maximum relative cerebral blood volume (DSC⁃rCBV max ) and relative cerebral blood flow (DSC⁃rCBF), ASL⁃cerebral blood flow (ASL⁃CBF), IVIM⁃perfusion fraction (PF). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluated the prognostic value of the imaging indicators. Results There were no significant differences in ASL⁃CBF, IVIM⁃PF, DSC⁃rCBF and DSC⁃rCBV max between the OS < 14 months group and the OS ≥ 14 months group in tumor⁃enhanced region (P > 0.05, for all). In the peritumoral region, the IVIM⁃PF of the patients in OS < 14 months was lower (P = 0.011) while DSC⁃rCBF (P = 0.009) and DSC⁃rCBV max (P = 0.012) were higher than OS ≥ 14 months group. The area under the ROC curve was 0.579 (95%CI: 0.372-0.787, P = 0.453), 0.763 (95%CI: 0.588-0.937, P = 0.013) and 0.746 (95%CI: 0.565-0.926, P = 0.020) respectively, suggesting that DSC⁃rCBF and DSC⁃ rCBV max have better reference value for prognosis. Conclusions The imaging indicators of DSC⁃MRI have an effect on the OS of glioblastoma, while IVIM and ASL have not shown an effect on overall survival. DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2019.11.008

Objective To observe the application of fMRI in detecting the default mode network (DMN) of patients with carotid artery stenosis and cognitive impairment. In the combination with neuropsychological scores, to explore the relationship between DMN and cognitive function under hypoperfusion. Methods A sample of 32 individuals, who went to Beijing Tiantan Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University for treatment since June 2017 to December 2018, have been selected for this research. Among them 16 patients were confirmed by DSA with severe stenosis (stenosis rate ≥ 70%) of unilateral internal carotid artery (ICA); while the other 16 were healthy people as normal controls. The neuropsychological tests [Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)] and blood oxygen level-dependent functional MRI (BOLD-fMRI) were performed to all the individuals. Furthermore, the function imaging was performed to develop a brain network model and to compare the differences of functional connectivity (FC) between 2 groups. Results The MoCA score in ICA stenosis group was lower than that in normal control group [(21.19 ± 4.00) score vs. (27.94 ± 2.00) score; t = 2.609, P = 0.048], indicating there was cognitive impairment in some degree in ICA stenosis. The significant FC in ICA stenosis group and normal control group were widely distributed between the frontal lobe and the occipital lobe, within the hemisphere and between both hemispheres. The FC of ICA stenosis group was significantly weaker than that of normal control group. The functional reduction between both hemispheres was indicated in the regions including the right frontal lobe, left parietal lobe and left temporal lobe, the lower margin of right parietal lobe and left amygdala. In the hemisphere, the FC was weaken between the frontal and prefrontal lobes. A specific enhancement in the function of the local brain region was also shown in ICA stenosis group. Conclusions Regarding the patients with carotid artery stenosis and cognitive impairment, the DMN has changed. The enhancement or attenuation of the FC within the hemisphere and between both hemispheres were reflected on fMRI. This may be related to the local functional changes under long-term hypoperfusion. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2019.10.006

Objective To investigate the potential association between vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) polymorphisms and risk of glioma in Chinese population. Methods In this study, blood samples and clinical materials were collected from 504 patients with glioma and 527 gender- and age-matched controls, and epidemiological questionnaire surveys were conducted on them. DNA was extracted from collected blood samples and VEGFR2 rs2071559 genotyping was performed with MassARRAY Sequenom single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) time-of-flight mass spectra chip system. HaploView 4.1 was used to test Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) and SPSS 17.0 was used for single locus analysis. Results The results of SNP genotyping showed that the genotyping ratio of VEGFR2 rs2071559 was 99.70%. HWE suggested that the genotype frequency of the controls was in balance (P = 0.451) and was representative of the population. The analysis of allele frequency showed that C allele of VEGFR2 rs2071559 was risk allele of glioma. It could increase the risk of glioma (OR = 1.424, 95%CI: 1.186-1.710; P = 0.000). The analysis of genotype suggested that individuals with VEGFR2 rs2071559 CT or CC genotype showed increased risk of glioma (adjusted OR = 1.407, 95% CI: 1.071-1.847, P = 0.014; adjusted OR = 1.947, 95%CI: 1.294-2.928, P = 0.001). Conclusions This study indicated that CT and CC genotypes or C allele of VEGFR2 rs2071559 were associated with increased risk of glioma in Chinese population. The role of VEGFR2 rs2071559 polymorphism in glioma susceptibility needs further investigation. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2014.11.016