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本研究目的在探討臺灣公民科技素養、科學興趣和科學參與之交互作用，並以分層隨機抽樣選取年滿18～70 歲公民共計1,831 人為研究樣本，填答信度與效度良好之公民科技素養試題。為瞭解臺灣民眾科技素養及科學興趣狀況，首先以極端組群法將公民的科技素養及科學興趣依據分數高低區分為四類組：「高科技素養、高科學興趣組」、「高科技素養、低科學興趣組」、「低科技素養、高科學興趣組」及「低科技素養、低科學興趣組」。再以百分比同質性檢定比較不同性別、年齡層及學歷在這四組的分布差異，發現「高科技素養、高科學興趣組」男性公民比例顯著高於女性公民、年齡層較輕、具大學畢業以上學歷；而「低科技素養、低科學興趣組」則是女性公民比例顯著高於男性公民、年齡層較高、具中學以下學 歷。接著以單因子變異數分析比較四類組公民在科學參與之差異，發現「高科技素養、高科學興趣組」公民的整體科學參與頻率最高；而「低科技素養、高科學興趣組」公民為「科技議題活動參與」涉入程度最高。這些結果顯示高科學興趣的公民對科學及科技議題的參與較為積極。因此本研究建議，提升未來公民科技素養當務之急宜先培養公民科學興趣，進一步鼓勵其科學參與，養成終身學習的習慣。 This study explored Taiwan citizens’ scientific literacy, interest in, and engagement in learning science. By using the stratified random sampling strategy, 1,831 citizens in the age group of 18-70 years were selected to respond to a questionnaire survey along with a paper-pencil test. For exploring the relationship between Taiwan citizens’ scientific literacy and their interest in science, the participants were divided into four groups on the basis of their scores for scientific literacy and interest in science. According to the essential results, the high scientific literacy and high science interest (HH) group was mainly represented by males, young citizens, and citizens with higher educational degrees. Conversely, the low scientific literacy and low science interest (LL) group was dominated by females, elderly citizens, and citizens with only a secondary school diploma. Among the four groups, citizens in the HH and LH groups exhibited higher frequency of engagement in science activities. Finally, citizens with high science interest tended to be enthusiastic in learning science and technology. This study contributed a novel insight that the interest in learning science plays a critical role in promoting adults’ engagement in learning science. Future studies are recommended for focusing on the citizens in the LH group to investigate how high engagement in learning science influences their scientific literacy.