Search

This article reviews the historical studies on Japanese colonial Taiwan over the last thirty years. This article aims to sketch trends seen in research topics and approaches, in the academic environment interweaving with external political and social contexts, and in overcoming internal research questions. This review article also highlights academic communities' activities, the research topics they pursued, and the relationship between their influence and the knowledge they produced. This article points out that after 1990 there emerged challenges to the received historical viewpoints of binary opposition based on the official nationalism, while interests in themes of "modernization" and of "subjectivity" also came to the fore. In Japan, research fields such as Taiwan Studies and Japanese Imperial History Studies were on the rise. After 2000, international dialogues concerning the concept of "colonial modernity" inspired many studies. Meanwhile, disparate perspectives on "colonial modernity" led to understanding of its historical complexities. With the developments of collecting common people's historical material resources and of documenting oral histories, as well as the trend of rethinking Japanese "imperial history" from new perspectives, academic circles in Japan and Taiwan shifted focus to emphasize the Taiwanese responses in local society and the relationships between diverse historical actors. Despite the visible exploitation and suppression, recent studies pay special attention to the working of invisible and disciplinary power and intellectual hegemony that silently penetrated daily life, and revisit the context of the knowledge production and its relation with governmentality. The conclusion borrows the ideas of "the history of whom?", "the history of where?", and "the history of what?" from Sarah Maza's Thinking about History in order to examine the trajectory and changes in historical studies on Japanese colonial Taiwan. Having reviewed the current state of field, this article would like to invite readers to work together for the future development of the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using children's subjectivity as a lens on the history of the War of Resistance against Japan, this article discusses the war experiences and memories of intellectuals' children in order to highlight children's voices neglected in the mainstream, narrative of war history and the national historical consciousness behind it. First, this article uses autobiographical and oral history to analyze the childhood experiences described by the authors. Second, it focuses on how the authors interpret the significance of war experiences in their life history from a unique children's perspective, and presents the complexity of the historical views of different people. By analyzing children's family life in the private sphere, school activities in the public sphere, and children's game culture, this article explains the important experiences and historical significance of children in the War of Resistance against Japan. Children usually participate in war through family or school, and national consciousness germinates in the process of moving towards the collective. They actively faced the war, engaged in various labor activities, and shared the pressure of war with adults. In order to overcome the interruption to their studies caused by the war, they constantly changed schools or transferred to private schools. In addition to the arrangements made for them by adults, children gave full play to their creativity and used war games to preserve history. As active subjects, children participated in the war in their own ways. When their personal life history is connected with family history and national history, it not only allows us to re-examine the historical significance of the War of Resistance against Japan to ordinary people, but also contributes to human efforts to reflect on wars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the tide of nationalism across Europe since the early nineteenth century, Germany encountered the German national unification movement, while Poland experienced the call for restoring Polish independence. Accordingly, there was no solution to the relationship between Germany and Poland. With the Kingdom of Prussia's domination of the German unification movement, and its view of Prussian Poland as an inseparable part of the Second Reich (Deutsches Kaiserreich), German-Polish relationship quickly worsened. In particular, after the establishment of the German nation-state in 1871, the Germans tried to homogenize the population in their country. The Poles therefore became the target of attacks as they outnumbered other ethnic minorities. In order to "Germanize" the Poles, the nationalists in Prussia valued the history of the State of the Teutonic Order with its conquering and colonization elements and modeled its policy after it. In order to fight against the Germans, Poland valorized the history of the Polish Jagiellonian Dynasty that overpowered the German State of the Teutonic Order. Against such background of the contradictory relationship between the Germans and the Poles, the history of the State of the Teutonic Order was consequently nationalized and became a political instrumental for both. This study regards the history of the State of the Teutonic Order as an instrument of political struggle, and analyzes the role it played in the history of modern German-Polish relation. It discusses the reasons and processes through which the history of the State of the Teutonic Order became a controversial issue in German-Polish relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses James W. Davidson and his very popular history The Island of Formosa: Past and Present. Having explored the course of the writing and publication of this book, the author argues that, rather than adopting the "outsider" or a "neutral" standpoint that was often taken by Taiwan scholars, Davidson put his emphasis of the history of Taiwan on the "present." That was due to his own preference as a foreigner, his experiences of the 1895 transition of Taiwan, his consular duties, and most important of all, the colonial setting. Since this English-language book has attracted widespread readership since its publication, it is therefore important to acknowledge the effect it had on international readers as well as its style and marketing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Internet increases information transparency in several ways, and one way is to allow patients and caregivers access to needed information. It improves the autonomy of medical decision-making, and further creates better physician-patient communication. Internet physician review, as a type of popular medical and health information, improves patients and caregivers' understanding of doctor selection and supports proactive health decision-making. This study collects Internet physician reviews from two Taiwan-based health information websites - Good Doctor and Health, and DocHos. The analysis framework comprises both structural and textual aspects, each with distinct analytical focuses. The structural analysis includes length of reviews and paragraph structure. The textual analysis includes nature of the reviews, when in the clinical encounter process is reviewed, intent of the reviews, themes of the review, and review strategies. This study hopes to understand the role and function of the Internet physician reviews in the process of health information communication, as well as the applications on physicians' practice of clinical medicine and patients and caregivers' medical decision-making process. It may provide insight into the development of patient-centered rather than institution-centered evaluation criteria for healthcare quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study used content analysis method to investigate Internet health rumors on Rumor Breaker, specifically on the characteristics of content and format, the similarities and differences by themes, and the comparison of health information and health rumors. The results of the study indicated that the most common theme of health rumors is health and prevention information. The health rumors commonly described the influence of "particular behavior" and "specific food or appliances" on one's health; also most of the health rumors didn't specifically mention when or where the events happened. To make the information more persuasive, the health rumors provide "statement from professional" and "personal experience" as evidence and proof. 30% of the health rumors would describe the events in first person narrative. Half of the health rumors are set to come from doctors and one's personal, family and friends' experience. It's much familiar to the receivers by narrating the event or reporting the event as news. The characteristics of all themes of the health rumors are similar to the characteristics of all rumors under investigation. Also, there are less different characteristics between the verified information and the rumors. This study hopes to provide a guide for verifying health information, and to support health promotion and education through literacy in identifying rumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yayao ..., a sub-dialect of Yue ..., is distinguished from the other languages of the world by its complete lack of bilabial obstruent initials. This article discusses the process by which Yayao has lost its bilabial obstruent initials and the phonetic motivation for this. The aspirated feature of obstruent initials in Yayao can be viewed as having friction strong enough to ignite a series of phonetic changes that culminate in the loss of bilabial obstruent initials (p-, p‘-), dental obstruent initials (t-, t‘-) and velar obstruent initial (k‘-). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The appearance of Shishuo xinyu ... in the booklist Nihon-Koku kenzaisho mokurok ... shows that it was transmitted to Japan very early on. Based on an analysis of surviving books from the Heian era ..., this paper reveals several aspects of Shishuo xinyu’s reception in the Japanese literature of the time: 1. Following its arrival in Japan, Japanese readers came to regard it as a Chinese classic, and the demands of an expanding readership gave birth to an annotated edition; 2. Heian-era writers compiled dictionaries of vocabulary appearing in Shishuo xinyu; 3. People incorporated well-known stories and vocabulary from the Shishuo xinyu into the classical Chinese poetry they wrote; 4. The stories were rewritten in Japanese retaining the spirit of the original, further combining local aesthetic elements during translation to create a new style of textual interpretation. This demonstrates that the popularity of Shishuo xinyu had an enormous impact on Japanese literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1895, the year of the Sino-Japanese War, Millicent Mary McClatchie (1867-1954) accompanied her sister’s family on a trip from England to China, residing there for four years, including a six-month stay in Tamsui 淡水, Taiwan, between September 1895 and March 1896. She left a record of her travels entitled In Varying Scenes and Climes, 1895-1899, which remains unpublished and is kept at the Hong Kong Public Record Office. This paper discusses three aspects of McClatchie’s observations of Taiwan during this critical period in its history. Firstly, the McClatchie family’s relationship to the far eastern Western expatriate network; secondly, the historical significance of McClatchie’s personal experience of the great changes in Taiwan as recorded in her travel writing; thirdly, the author’s identity as an unmarried woman, foreigner, and observer and the special characteristics of her writing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following David D. Roberts's insight, this essay attempts to further address this question: How does Hayden White charge his former idol Benedetto Croce as representing the decadent stage of 19th century European historical thought in White's major work, Metahistory. The author holds that, to rebel against Croce, White builds an alliance with the trio of Vico, Hegel, and Marx in Metahistory, defending their distinctive branches of speculative philosophy of history- which is part of the original meanings of the obscure term "meta-history" - against Croce's criticism. Before this new alliance taking place, White once attempted a similar intellectual coup by praising the historian Jacob Burckhardt, whom Croce had also criticized. However, after finding new allies in the above- mentioned trio, it became unnecessary for White to promote Burckhardt any longer. Therefore, White's new verdict on Burckhardt in Metahistory also turns unfavorable, and to a large extent replicates Croce's criticism of Burckhardt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When Japan possessed Taiwan, in order to comprehend the colonial stitution, it conducted investigations as one of the measures to intensify its ruling. In October 1905, Taiwan Governor-general 's office co nducted the first census in East Asia, the Temporary Taiwan Household Investigation as it was called, and continued to conduct the second investigation ten years later in October 1915. By conducting statistical investigations, the colonial authorities could obtain population status and determine the household registration system . Besides, as the census originated from the western world, in order to conduct the investigation in Taiwan successfully, the statistics officials designed the methodology of the survey by its name, methodology, timing, and even investigation propaganda, to be suitable for Taiwan's local situation. Through designing and writing reports on the surveys, official comprehend and understand Taiwn, while Taiwanese also understood the domination of the modern state by accepting the investigation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Educational reform has been carried out during the latest decade whereby some educational policies have been implemented. Under these circumstances, schools face the unprecedented organizational shock. The principal, as the key leader in a school, encounter tremendous pressure and challenge under social expectation from various sources. According to related literatures, the trend of the applications of micropolitics in school leadership is becoming salient. There are few studies in Taiwan exploring micropolitics in school leadership. This article examined the major concepts of micropolitics, analyzed its applications in school leadership, and outlined possible ideas and challenges which principals may face in school leadership in terms of micropolitics. Finally, this article delineated some coping methods if principals apply the ideas of micropolitics in leadership: they should cultivate micropolitical literacy in leadership, penetrate organizational situations, and consider Chinese culture which emphasizes authority and hierarchy in order to capture the essence of micropolitical leadership styles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay first challenges Keith Jenkins1 interpretation that Hayden White's Metahistory is espousing Irony by pointing to the obvious fact that, in Metahistory, White is critical to Irony instead. Next, using relevant discussions of Marx, Burckhardt, and Croce in Metahistory as examples, this essay illustrates not only the negative meaning of Irony as envisioned by White, but also White's overly extensive usage of this term. This essay then tries to explain why the idea of Irony is presented so negatively in Metahistory, as well as the theoretical grounds upon which Irony may somehow transcend itself Through comparing the discussions of Irony by Hegel, Vico, Kenneth Burke, and Northrop Frye, this essay asserts that, although White's treatment of Irony as one of four master tropes has inspiration in Vico, White provides his own interpretation by conceiving the four tropes as a circle or spiral. As for viewing Irony - now placed at the end of the circle/spiral- in such negative terms, this could have resulted from White's appropriation of Hegel's criticism of Romantic Irony. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teachers are members of the school organization. No matter facing the challenge from task demands or interacting with people, they would have various emotional experiences. Emotions, therefore, become part of teachers' school life. In spite of a great deal of studies focusing on teachers' lives, few have paid attention to teacher emotions. This study aims to explore organizational emotions and teachers' emotional politics in a junior high school in Taiwan, and adopts qualitative research methods (i.e., in-depth interviews and observation) to collect data for gaining deeper understanding of teacher emotions in the case school. Research findings include: (a) emotional rules embedded in both organizational culture and organization's emotional regime regulate teacher emotions, bringing about emotional labor and emotional alienation of teachers (b) teachers' emotional reflection has a positive function of provoking teachers' agent and voices, (c) for the pursuit of professional autonomy, the teacher association in the case school overturns organization's emotional regime, constructs collegiality, and accumulates positive emotional knowledge. Finally, if school leaders value teacher emotions, teachers may in turn enhance their sense of belonging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the development of internet, the speed of information update is faster than ever. E-learning has rapidly become the mainstream for the corporation training and instruction. In order to reduce the cost of human resources and time spending, "repaid e-learning" has been developed for the simple and easy to produce training materials. Therefore, this study reviews the related literature and analyzed the Bloom's taxonomy, rapid e-learning instructional design, and rapid e-learning production tools to develop a procedure and design principle of rapid e-learning materials by using rapid e-learning tools. The procedure is revised and established the feasibility via the questionnaires and interview. It is expected that the results can provide great support and information for the future design and development of rapid e-learning training materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the rapid development of information technology and Internet, online book reviews have become an alternative information source for book selection. Reviews of books of scientific popularization genre are especially important because they serve as a portal for scientific communication. This study investigated the structure and format of online book reviews, as well as the content and characteristics of those review entries. Data collection was conducted on aNobii, an online book club. This study aims to provide libraries, publishers, book promoters, and other organizations knowledge of online book reviews, and also to expand their scope of applications for libraries, publishers, and reading outreach activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the power fitness yoga course of Community University intervention on basic physiological parameters, anthropometric parameters as well as muscular and cardiopulmonary fitness. Fifteen females were participated this study. Subjects took a 90-minutes power fitness yoga course once a week for 12 weeks. The resting heart rate, blood pressure, body weight, body fat percentage, waist-to-hip ratio, body mass index, back strength, sit-up test as well as 3-minutes step test of subjects were tested before and after the course. Paired t-tests were used to compare the variables. The results showed that after 12 weeks of power fitness yoga course, the resting heart rate, diastolic pressure, body fat percentage and waist-to-hip ratio had significant decreased. The cardiopulmonary index of 3-minutes step test was significantly increased. There were no differences on the other variables (p>.05). The results indicate that 12-week power fitness yoga course in Community University can improve the resting heart rate, diastolic pressure, waistto- hip ratio and body fat percentage as well as promote cardiovascular fitness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This thesis scrutinizes Yu Cheng-yao's (1898-1993) artistic attitude towards life and inspirational qualities from the perspective of Ernst Cassirer's (1874-1945) philosophy of human culture—namely that "Humanity is a sustainable process of self-molding influenced by symbols." In this discourse, special attention is paid to the complex ways that "recollections," symbolic forms that connect poetry, painting, and even music, in Yu's craft form broad patterns such as the emergence of poetic inspiration and molding of form. In the end we discover that Yu's entire painting process, from creative fermentation, extraction and refinement, and even including repeated alteration and reworking, is actually a symbolic activity in which art is used to tease out the meaning of life and existence. Through this, in retrospect we are able to understand Yu Cheng-yao's personal qualities and style and position in the history of art, and also thoroughly grasp the realms into which a life spent profoundly examining its proper place within the scheme of "Human-Symbol-Universe" can show us insight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, digital archive and e-learning are important issues in Taiwan. Via the National Digital Archives Program, various archived elements and sources are used to enhance the instructions in public educations, lifetime learning, and adult learning. With the increasing usage of the sources of the digital archive, it is necessary to establish a systematic process and the standard and metadata of digital archives to maintain the quality of sources and support the development of digital archive program. This study gathered the contents of digital archive standard and metadata, and designed two integrated online courses according to the designing principles. These two courses not only encouraged learners to get more professional knowledge about digital archives, but also provided opportunities for learners to share the experiences and expertise of digital archive. Moreover, these two courses were also added to the digital archive sources which could be shared and reused. After implementing the program practically, this study evaluated the results and provided some suggestions, expecting that it would be advantageous to digital archive professions and program development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bulletin of the Institute of Modern History, Academia Sinica (Zhongyang Yanjiuyuan Xiandaishi Yanjiusuo Jikan) is the property of Academia Sinica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The history of homeschooling in the United States can be traced back to several decades ago. The main reasons parents choose to homeschool their children are religion and concerns for the school environment. Since 1997, homeschooling has become a legitimate option for parents in Taiwan. According to the statistics, the number of homeschoolers has doubled during the school years 2006 and 2008, which is a rapid growth. However, homeschooling still is an alternative educational model that is unfamiliar to the public in Taiwan. It is important for homeschoolers to have support groups so that information and experience can be exchanged. Nowadays many homeschool associations has set up websites to provide related information, including network forums, such as discussion boards, on the websites to function as a media that everyone who is interested in, or is homeschooling, can come and share their thoughts and experience. This research uses netnography and takes homeschoolers, who intend to help their children to learn the Chinese Classic Literature, as an example to analyze homeschoolers' information behavior on the network forum and examine their information needs as a mean to understand homeschoolers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article looks at how Taiwanese gang organization formed in Amoy during the Japanese occupation period in Taiwan, and tries to understand the relationship between it and Japanese policies concerning China. Taiwanese gangs were originally despised as "Taiwan banditry" by the Chinese, and were thought to be harmful to the social order. Both the Chinese and the Japanese governments wanted to extinguish them. But the birth of the anti-Japanese movement endangered the bread-and-butter of the Japanese in China. Therefore, the Japanese Consul started to manipulate Taiwanese gangs to resist the movement, a method that proved to be very effective. From then on, the Japanese government changed its attitude towards Taiwanese gangs, and the nickname by which it referred to them. It now called them "armed groups," a name that implied that the Japanese government affirmed their existence. With Japanese support, Taiwanese gang organization grasped an opportunity to develop, but in the meantime it was gradually manipulated by the Japanese to become part of the operating mechanism of Japan's continental policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

E-tutors become essential and required faculty for implementing a successful e-Learning course. This paper aims to define meaning, roles and professional competencies for an e-tutor in e-Leaning curriculum. Literature review including related studies and on-line training courses abroad are analyzed in order to synthesize the competencies. The paper is useful for e-Learning courseware developers in higher education as well as e-Learning industries because it helps to set up the criterions of professional e-tutor competence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper looks at Zhu Xi's ... commentary on the "Zhounan" ... and "Shaonan" ... sections in his Shift zhuan ... in an attempt to show how, in the Confucian hermeneutical tradition, the commentator goes beyond merely giving explanations of particular words and sentences to engage in reconstructing a picture of an ideal world embedded in the text. We suggest that in the process of examining the meaning of a single word or sentence, an entire section, or even the arrangement of individual works in a classic, Confucian commentators pull together varied elements to construct a picture of an ideal world that either ought to exist or is preserved in the text. (At times the annotator will go beyond the scope of a single work and bring in elements from other classics in his discussion to give an even more detailed and elaborate view of that ideal world). Armed with this utopian vision, the Confucian then goes on to size up the world in which he lives in relation to the ideal world of the classics and offer up educational or political methods that would help shorten the distance between the present and the classical ideal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the famous Qing jest book Xiaolin guangji ... (Extensive Gleanings from the Grove of Laughter, ca. 1790) edited by Youxi Zhuren (Master of Playfulness, a pen name), this paper explores the representation of the body and sexual desires in humorous literature in late imperial China. In theory, humor may escape or defy social norms; therefore, the body and sexual desires become important topics in jokes. This paper argues that jokes about the body, gender, and sexual behavior (including man-woman and man-man relations) in this book reveal an important aspect of people's mentality in Ming-Qing times. These "dirty" jokes made people laugh, but their laughter was mixed with sorrow, obsession, and the presumption that humor was the only tool with which to confront problems like incest and love affairs. Using wild imagination and the shock of sex, the creators of the "dirty" jokes challenged the established moral order and tested the boundaries of obscene behavior in the public and private sphere. To a certain extent, this phenomenon was similar to the subversive mode of "carnival laughter" identified by Mikhail Bakhtin. Yet the jokes in this book did not have such a strong revolutionary character. Its representations of the body and sexual desires were by and large congruent with commonly accepted values placed on health, beauty, and normality in Confucian orthodoxy. They appear to have functioned as a "safety valve" which in the end only helped to maintain the status quo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The letter, "A reply to Tuan Juo Ying about rhyme scheme" by Tai Chen is an important document in the history of Chinese phonology. It reveals to us some phonological concepts which have a great bearing on the development of phonology in later ages. The purpose of this article is to point out these important concepts. First, his division of the three tones of Yin (...), Yang (...), Ju (...) and their groupings (...) has shed much light on the study of phonological structure. Second, by virtue of his division of the Chih (...) and Ji (...) rhymes and the way the Ju (...) tone (final ending with stop) of Chih (...) and Wei (...) rhymes are matched, the concept of Division (...) is introduced, there-by resulting in the division of Chih and Wei rhymes by Wang Li (...). This is highly revealing. Third, that the introduction of the Division (...) concept to the study of ancient rhymes has led to an understanding of the structure of ancient rhymes is also revealing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the current status of Chinese local gazetteers housed in Taiwanese repositories, divided into on four parts. The first identifies resources related to gazetteers and their provenance and to local history in libraries. The second focuses on examples of these resources, analyzing their organizational patterns, typology, and production methods. The third looks at a cumulative index of topics to assess patterns of management, decision-making, publishing policies and agendas, and the politics that influenced content and quality. The fourth examines scholarship over the previous ten-year period on the compilation and dissemination of gazetteers. The fifth studies the means of preserving these resources. [ABSTRACT FROM CONTRIBUTOR]

The Ancient Chinese initial ɤ -... occurs only before the finals of divisions I, II, and IV, while the initials g-...and j-... both only occur before division III finals. Theoretically speaking, the initials ɤ - and g- or j- are in complementary distribution. It is equally reasonable to reconstruct ɤ - with either g- or j- as one phoneme in Archaic Chinese. In 1971, Dr. Li Fang Kuei discovered that Anc. j- mostly occurred before ho-k'ou finals while g- occurred before k'ai-k'ou finals. He relegated Ancientɤ -, g- and j- to one Archaic phoneme *g-, and set up the following rules of change: Arch. *g + -j- finals > Anc. gj-... Arch. *g + non -j- finals > Anc. ɤ -... Arch. *gw + -j- finals > Anc. jw-... Arch. *gw + j + i > Anc. gjw-... Arch. *gw + non -j- finals > Anc. ɤ w-... For reasons stated elsewhere, I (Ting 1977-78) revised the rules as follows: *g +j > gj-... (...) *gw +j > gju-... (...) *ɤ +j> j-... (... ) *ɤw +j > ju-... (...) *ɤ + non-j finals > ɤ -...- (...) *ɤ w + non-j finals > ɤ u- ... (... ) One problem with this scheme would be why the common initials g- and gw- only occur before -j- finals. In the present paper I will present evidence from the Min dialects to support this proposal. There is a group of Ancient ɤ -words pronounced with initial k- which co-occur with tones in the Yang category in Colloquial Min. (Cf. p.3). This group differs from the other initial k- words which have tones in Yin category. It is natural to reconstruct voiced initials *g and *gw for this group in Colloquial Min as well as in Archaic Chinese. This reconstruction would make Archaic Chinese *g and *gw become well distributed phonemes. Therefore, the following two rules may be added to those I proposed before: *g + non-j finals >ɤ - (...) *gw + non-j finals >ɤ u- (...) I have checked the Hsieh-sheng relations of these *g- and *gw- words, and discovered nothing special. (Cf. p.4). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]