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[Objectives] The elbow is a common component of ship piping system. Efforts have been made in order to predict the elbow erosion accurately.[Methods] In this paper,the numerical simulation is conducted to calculate and analyze the flow field inside the pipe. From the two aspects,i.e. the influence of the turbulence model on the prediction of the flow field in the elbow and the influence of turbulence model on elbow erosion calculation,intensive research into the method to predict the erosion of elbow by solid and liquid flows.[Results] The results show that the SST k-ω turbulence model,together with the Oka erosion model,can accurately predict the flow field distribution in the elbow. Turbulence model brings a significant impact on the abrasion calculation,where it affects the calculated value of final erosion and also makes a great difference in the distribution of predicted relative erosion.[Conclusions] The obtained results can provide guidance for future pipe erosion prediction.

In this experiment, the CeO2/ZnO composite material, which can be used as semiconductor gas sensor, has been designed. And the gas sensing performance of the material has been studied. Firstly, the pre-prepared CeO2 nanoparticles were coated by ZIF-8 nanocubes. The CeO2/ZnO composites were prepared via the further calcination. Then, composition and morphology of the products were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope. Moreover, the gas sensing properties towards different gases were studied. This experiment can enable students to understand the preparation process of metal oxide, and the principle and measurement method of gas detection. And this experiment can also cultivate their awareness of safety and responsibility, and promote the ability of analyzing and solving problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the needs of edge computing for data privacy, the correctness of calculation results and the auditability of data processing, a privacy protection method for edge computing based on blockchain and federated learning was proposed, which can realize collaborative training with multiple devices at the edge of the network without a trusted environment and special hardware facilities. The blockchain was used to endow the edge computing with features such as tamper-proof and resistance to single-point-of-failure attacks, and the gradient verification and incentive mechanism were incorporated into the consensus protocol to encourage more local devices to honestly contribute computing power and data to the federated learning. For the potential privacy leakage problems caused by sharing model parameters, an adaptive differential privacy mechanism was designed to protect parameter privacy while reducing the impact of noise on the model accuracy, and moments accountant was used to accurately track the privacy loss during the training process. Experimental results show that the proposed method can resist 30% of poisoning attacks, and can achieve privacy protection with high model accuracy, and is suitable for edge computing scenarios that require high level of security and accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Micro electroforming by using a movable patterned anode is a novel process to fabricate metal microstructure, which is simple, cost effective and able to fabricate high-aspect-ratio microstructure. The accuracy and resolution of the proposed micro electroforming process are significantly affected by the localization of electrodeposition. The localization of electrodepositon is studied theoretically and experimentally. The results indicate that the width of stray deposition is proportionally linear to the gap between the anode and the cathode; however, it has nothing to do with the current density, the thickness of the anode insulation layer and the width of the feature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides an annual review of capillary electrophoresis (CE) technology in 2021. A total of 291 research papers related to CE technology published in 2021 were retrieved from the ISI Web of Science using the keywords, "capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry" "capillary isoelectric focusing" "micellar electrokinetic chromatography", or "capillary electrophoresis" (not "capillary electrochromatography" "microchip" and "capillary monolithic column"). In addition, nine research papers related to CE technology in Chinese journals were reviewed: Chinese Journal of Chromatography and Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry . This review focused on seven papers published in Coordination Chemistry Reviews , Angewandte Chemie-International Edition , Nature Protocols , TrAC-Trends in Analytical Chemistry , and Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy with impact factors (IFs) greater than 10.0, as well as 42 papers reported in Analytical Chemistry , Analytica Chimica Acta , Talanta , and Food Chemistry with IFs between 5.0 and 10.0. This review also provides a comprehensive overview of representative CE works in Journal of Chromatography A and Electrophoresis with IFs<5.0, as well as important Chinese journals, Chinese Journal of Chromatography and Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry . According to the IF, this paper introduces the representative work of CE-related papers to allow readers to quickly understand the important research progress of CE technology in the past year.

Objective: To investigate the anti-inflammatory effect and mechanisms of interleukin-35 (IL-35) in inflammatory bowel disease., Methods: BALB/c mice were divided into three groups with 10 mice in each group:control group, model group (oral administration of 4% glucan sodium sulfate for 7 d) and IL-35-treated group (oral administration of 4% glucan sodium sulfate for 7 d, intraperitoneal injection of 2 μg IL-35 at d2-5). Disease activity index (DAI) was scored every day. After 7 d, the mice were sacrificed, and the serum and intestinal tissue samples were collected. The gross morphology of the colon was observed; HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of colon tissue; flow cytometry was employed to detect the change of macrophage polarization ratio in colon tissue; the mRNA expression levels of cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-10 and SHIP1 in colon tissue were determined by real-time quantitative RT-PCR; the expression and distribution of SHIP1 in colon tissue was measured by immunohistochemistry; Western blotting was adopted to detect the expression level of SHIP1 protein in colonic intestinal tissues of each group., Results: The DAI scores of the mice in the model group were higher than those in the control group, while the DAI scores in the IL-35-treated group were lower than those in the model group (all P <0.01). Compared with the control group, the colon length was significantly shortened in the model group ( P <0.05), while the colon length of the IL-35-treated group had an increasing trend compared with the model group, but the difference was not statistically significant ( P >0.05). Compared with the model group, microscopic inflammatory infiltration score was decreased and microscopic crypt destruction and score was significantly lower in IL-35-treated group (all P <0.05). The relative expression of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α and IFN-γ in the colon tissue of IL-35-treated group was decreased compared with the model group, while the relative expression of IL-10 mRNA was higher than that of the model group (all P <0.05). Compared with the control group, the proportion of M1 macrophages in the model group increased ( P <0.05), while the proportion of M1 macrophages in the IL-35-treated group was lower than that in the model group ( P <0.05). The relative expression of SHIP1 mRNA and protein in the colon tissue of IL-35-treated group was higher than that in the model group (all P <0.05)., Conclusions: IL-35 can inhibit the polarization of M1 macrophages and regulate inflammatory cytokines to promote anti-inflammatory effect on mice with colitis.