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Objective: To explore the rate of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) resistance to levofloxacin and clarithromycin and the common mutation patterns of resistance genes in Ningxia, and to assess the concordance between phenotypic resistance and genotypic resistance. Methods: Cross-sectional study. Patients diagnosed with Hp infection in 14 hospitals in Ningxia region from February 2020 to May 2022 were retrospectively selected. Hp strains were isolated from gastric biopsy specimens of Hp-infected patients and subjected to phenotypic drug sensitivity testing and detection of resistance genes to analyze the rate of Hp resistance to levofloxacin and clarithromycin and the common mutation patterns of resistance genes in Ningxia region; and the concordance rate and Kappa concordance test were used to assess the concordance between phenotypic resistance and genotypic resistance. Results: A total of 1 942 Hp strains were isolated and cultured, and among the infections, 1 069 cases (55.0%) were male and 873 cases (45.0%) were female, aged (50.0±12.5) years (15-86 years). The rates of Hp resistance to levofloxacin and clarithromycin in Ningxia were 42.1% (818/1 942) and 40.1% (779/1 942), respectively, and the rate of dual resistance to both was 22.8% (443/1 942). The rate of resistance to levofloxacin and clarithromycin of Hp strains from female patients was higher than in male patients (levofloxacin: 50.4%(440/873) vs 35.4%(378/1 069); clarithromycin: 44.4%(388/873) vs 36.6%(391/1 069), both P <0.001). Among the GyrA gene mutations associated with levofloxacin resistance, the differences in mutation rate of amino acid at positions 87 and 91 were statistically significant in both drug-resistant and sensitive strains(both P <0.001), except for Asn87Thr. Hp strains were statistically significant for levofloxacin (Kappa=0.834, P <0.001) and clarithromycin (Kappa=0.829, P <0.001) had good concordance in resistance at the phenotypic and genotypic levels. Conclusion: The resistance of Hp to levofloxacin and clarithromycin in Ningxia region is severe, and there is good consistency between genotypic and phenotypic resistance.

Surgical treatment of cataract is the emphasis of prevention of blindness in China. In the past ten years, cataract prevention work has made great strides. However, the cataract surgery rate (CSR) in one million people is still far away from the developed countries, and not enough to eliminate the blindness of cataract in our country. The CSR is related to many factors. In this article, the issue of the CSR increase is commented from four aspects, including improving the quantity and quality of cataract surgery, increasing the allocation of ophthalmic resources to primary hospitals, strengthening the cooperation between the urban and backward areas in ophthalmology, and the economic factors. It is hoped that our ophthalmic practitioners pay more attention to the prevention of blindness, and the quantity and quality of cataract surgery could be increased. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2017, 53: 801-804) .

Objective: To determine the prevalence of trachoma in urban and rural area in China. To provide the data evidence for the strategies of eliminating trachoma in China., Methods: Survey was conducted in 13 suspect trachoma high prevalence provinces according to the World Health Organization trachoma grading system and Trachoma Rapid Assessment(TRA)., Results: From 2004 to 2007, a total number of examined children which were younger than 10 years old was 59 630. The prevalence of TF was 0.94%. To sum up the data of 2004 and 2005, the prevalence of active trachoma was 1.71% for children.TT and CO was not reported. The results for subjects older than 50 years old showed that the prevalence of TT was 0.34%. We examined 26 857 adults in both 2004 and 2005.The prevalence of TF, TI, TS and CO was 0.03%,0.08%,0.88% and 0.05% respectively., Conclusions: The prevalence of active trachoma of younger children was under 5%. However,the prevalence of TT of the adults was not reached the target.

Objective: To investigate the influence of preventive pericardial devascularization on the life quality of patients with advanced schistosomiasis., Methods: The clinical data of advanced schistosomiasis patients who received the preventive pericardial devascularization from January 2000 to December 2009 (140 cases) were collected and analyzed retrospectively, and other 81 cases without preventive pericardial devascularization served as controls. Results Compared with that of the control group, the long term upper gastrointestinal rebleeding within 3 years of the study group was much fewer (P < 0.01), while that of more than 5 years was fewer (P < 0.05); there were no differences in ascites and hepatic coma between the two groups (P > 0.05); the abilities of daily life and labor of the study group were much better than those of the control group (P < 0.01), and those of taking care of themselves and lost ability of labor were not significant between the two groups (P > 0.05); the long term death rate after surgery of the study group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion The effect of preventive pericardial devascularization in the treatment of advanced schistosomiasis is reliable and the life qualities of the patients improve.

Objective: To investigate the effect of organic gallium and gallium chloride on bone metabolism and their therapeutic effect against tretinoin-induced osteoporosis in rats., Methods: Rat models of osteoporosis was established with intragastric administration of tretinoin at the daily dose of 85 mg/kg for 15 days and randomized into control, organic gallium and gallium chloride groups. After administration of the corresponding treatments (none for the control group) for 4 weeks, the changes of the indices for osteoporosis were evaluated through biochemical and pathological approaches., Results: Tretinoin induced obvious changes in bone structure and contents of bone calcium and other elements, causing also significantly increased tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP), which suggested the development of osteoporosis. Administration of organic gallium and gallium chloride treatments increased the bone density, bone cortex thickness and the percentage of bone trabecula, and Ga, Ca, P contents in the femur and teeth, but lowered the activity of TRAP and AKP, suggesting decreased bone conversion rate. Compared with gallium chloride, organic gallium required smaller dose with better safety to produce better therapeutic effect., Conclusion: Organic gallium can be safe and effective for treatment of tretinoin-induced osteoporosis in rats.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence and causes of low vision and blindness in Beijing residents aged 40 and over., Methods: 4,451 residents aged 40 and over in 3 rural communities and 5 urban communities in Beijing underwent eye examination, including examination of distant and near visual acuity (VA), best corrected distant and near VA, pinhole VA, and visual field, slit lamp biomicroscopy, and dilated ocular examination in the form of in-home survey by defined population-based sampling. The medical history was surveyed too. The data were analyzed based on the criteria of the World Health Organization., Results: The general prevalence rates of low vision and blindness were 0.99% (95% CI: 0.70-1.28) and 0.39% (95% CI: 0.21-0.57) respectively. The prevalence rate of low vision in females was 1.45%, 2.23 times that of males (0.65%) (OR: 1.97, 95% CI: 1.00-3.95). The prevalence rate of low vision of rural residents was 1.76%, 2.89 times that of urban residents (0.61%) (OR: 2.93, 95% CI: 1.43-6.11). The prevalence rate of blindness in females was 0.64% and 0.37% in males. The prevalence rate of blindness of rural residents was 1.06%, 2.04 times that of the urban residents (0.52%) (OR: 3.77, 95% CI: 1.41-10.62). The 3 major causes of blindness were cataract (37.50%), glaucoma (29.20%), and high myopic macular degeneration (8.30%). The prevalence of blindness increased with age., Conclusion: The prevalence rates of low vision and blindness are higher in the rural areas. Cataract, glaucoma, and high myopic macular degeneration are the major causes of blindness. The prevalence of low vision and blindness are influenced by age, sex; area, health care level, educational level, and environmental factors.