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The 3−1 coal in Xinjie Mining Area is buried deep, and the thick Zhiluo Formation and Zhidan Group aquifers are the main water-filled aquifers, and the hydraulic correlation between surface water and aquifers affects water inrush in the mine. Based on the hydro-chemical characteristics and the test of pumping (discharging) water, the vertical hydraulic connection of aquifer was carried out. The results of hydro-chemical tests and Piper chart show that the salinity of surface water, Zhidan Group and Zhiluo Formation aquifers increases gradually, and the hydro-chemical type changes from HCO3−Ca type to SO4−Na type. The analysis of Gibbs diagram and SOM model show that the ions in surface water mainly come from the weathering of carbonate rock and silicate rock, the ions in Zhidan Group aquifer and Zhiluo Formation aquifer mainly come from silicate rock and gypsum, and oxidation of metal sulfides is also exist in Zhiluo Formation aquifer. The controlling factor of hydro-chemical characteristics changes from water-rock interaction to evaporation concentration, the Zhidan Group aquifer and Zhiluo Formation aquifer have strong cation alternation. The Cl− index quantitatively indicates that the hydraulic correlation degree between surface water and Zhidan Group aquifer, Zhidan Group and Zhiluo Formation aquifer is 0.28, which belongs to the medium degree of hydraulic correlation. The hydraulic correlation degree between surface water and Zhiluo Formation aquifer is 0.43, indicating that hydraulic correlation is weak. At the same time, the surface pumping test of Zhidan Group aquifer and the underground dewatering test of Zhiluo Formation aquifer further indicate that there is a hydraulic connection between Zhidan Group aquifer and Zhiluo Formation aquifer. Zhidan Group aquifer and Zhiluo Formation aquifer are the main water-filling aquifers of mine.

The fertility of reclaimed soil in the Huang-Huai plain mining area is low, which is closely related to nutrient cycling. However, the microbiological mechanism of the effect of reclamation on soil nutrient cycling is still unclear. A total of 65 topsoil samples were collected from 4 reclamation areas and 1 control area in Dongtan mining area located in Zoucheng City, Shandong Province. High-throughput sequencing, PICRUSt2 and FUNGuild analysis tools were used to explore the effects of reclamation on soil microbial community structure and function, as well as unravel the environmental driving mechanism of microflora succession. The results showed that ① soil physical and chemical properties, and enzyme activities were significantly affected by reclamation (P

Biodegradation is one of the important ways for the clean and efficient utilization of coal. However, the effectiveness of degradation by the combination of fungi and bacteria has not been well understood. In the present study, the combined degradation of the Yima coal was tested. The coal samples were firstly oxidized with nitric acid, followed by cultured in the media of Cunninghamella elegans and Bacillus sp.. The absorbance of A450, pH and metallic element (Cr, As, Mn, Pb, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo) contents of the degradation solution were determined by UV-visible spectrophotometry, pH meter and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, respectively. The humic acid was analyzed by element analyzer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatog-raphy-mass spectrometry. The results showed that the humic acid yields of C. elegans, Bacillus sp. and their mixture were 58.17%, 61.00% and 67.17%, respectively. The pH of the degradation solution of mixed strains was similar to that of the bacteria. The characteristic products of the bacteria degradation were detected in the humic acid samples derived from mixed strains, while the opposite was true for the fungi. It was suggested that the combination of the two strains enhanced the alkaline environment and improved the degradation rate of nitric acid-treated coal. The bacteria played a leading role in the degradation process. Metallic elements (Cr, As, Mn, Pb, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo) were transferred from coal to the degradation solution during the degradation process, and the contents of Cr, As, Pb, Ni, Cu and Mo were fitted with A450, the coefficient of determination (R2) were greater than 0.6. It indicated that the contents of these six metal elements in the degradation solution could represent the degradation rate. Chemically extracted humic acid and biologically extracted humic acid were rich in the active functional groups such as carboxyl, hydroxyl, carbonyl, long-chain fatty acids (C16, C18) and four pyrrole derivatives. The biologically extracted humic acid also contained fatty acids (C3, C4, C5, C13, C14, C15), of smaller molecular weight, as well as nitrogen-containing compounds such as two pyrrole derivatives and a furan. The contents of C and H elements in the biologically extracted humic acid were higher than that in the chemically extracted humic acid.

Objective To construct a mouse model of footpad inoculation with Fonsecaea monophora (F.monophora) melanin, and to analyze the differences in the virulence of F.monophora melanin from different sources. Virulence of F.monophora melanin and its influencing factors were also assessed. Methods F.monophora melanin was extracted by chemical digestion and acid-base method, and a mouse model of footpad melanin inoculation was constructed. Mice were divided into PBS group, chemical digestion group, acid-base group, and synthetic melanin group. The severity of mouse footpad swelling was measured. HE staining was performed to observe inflammatory cell infiltration and semi-quantitative analysis was performed. Results F.monophora melanin was successfully extracted. The chemical digestion method preserved the spatial morphology of melanin in the cell wall. In comparison to acid-base method, melanin extracted with chemical digestion method induced stronger and long-lasting footpad swelling, and more intense inflammatory reaction. Aggregation of neutrophils and macrophages was observed one day after injection of melanin. Seven days after injection of melanin, infiltration of neutrophils, macrophages and lymphocytes was observed. However, synthetic melanin group did not cause significant footpad swelling nor infiltration of neutrophils and lymphocytes although a small number of macrophages were seen. Conclusions The extracted F.monophora melanin can induce dramatic, inflammatory responses in mouse footpads. The complex spatial structure of melanin is associated with virulence, and synthetic melanin cannot mimic the virulence effects of F.monophora. Melanin extracted with chemical digestion method has advantages for study of fungal melanin virulence.

In order to prepare a more stable coconut oil emulsion, sodium caseinate (SC) and xanthan gum (XG) were combined as emulsifiers, and coconut oil was used as the oil phase, and the coconut oil emulsion was prepared by ultrasonic method. The average droplet sizes, Zeta-potentials, centrifugal stability and turbidity of emulsions were characterized to choose reasonable parameters concerning the ultrasonic treatment time, ultrasonic treatment power, mass fraction of oil phase, and pH values of aqueous phase, by the single factor test. The Box-Behnken response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the parameter (including ultrasonic treatment power, ultrasonic treatment time, and pH values of aqueous phase) to prepare the stable emulsions. The optimal conditions were obtained as follows: Ultrasonic power 480 W, ultrasonic time 18 min, and pH7 of aqueous phase. Under this condition, the smallest droplets size of emulsions was obtained 304.5±13.2 nm. All coconut oil-based emulsions showed an extraordinary stability with heat treatment temperature of 40~90 ℃, pH6~8 and ion concentration of 0~0.5 mol/L, and the emulsion remained stable after three freeze-thaw cycles. The findings would provide a facile strategy to prepare stable coconut oil-based emulsions in the food processing.

In complex traffic scenes, given at the problems of low accuracy and poor real-time performance of pedestrian and battery car detection and recognition due to illumination intensity and occlusion, a target detection method based on improved YOLO algorithm is proposed. Firstly, the multi-scale method was used to increase the training samples and construct a special mixed row target data set. Then, the target detection model was improved. Under the framework of YOLOv4 network, the bilateral filtered Gaussian pyramid transform Retinex image enhancement network was effectively fused with YOLOv4 network. Finally, a Gaussian pyramid transform Retinex image enhancement algorithm based on bilateral filtering was constructed. The effectiveness of the algorithm is proved by actual road detection.

In order to study the variation of volatile flavor components of virgin coconut oil during storage at room temperature. Headspace solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) was used to analyze virgin coconut oil in different oxidation stages. The results showed that 40 kinds of volatile components (8 common components) were identified, mainly including esters, aldehydes, ketones and acids. Relative odor activity value (ROAV) analysis showed that hexanal, 2-heptanone, δ-hexanolactone, nonanal, ethyl octanoate, δ-octalactone, 2-undecone, ethyl caprate and δ-decalactone were the key flavor substances in the storage process of virgin coconut oil at normal temperature. Combining principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discrimination analysis (PLS-DA), a discriminant model for different storage periods of virgin coconut oil was established, which showed that in addition to the contents of different compounds (ketones, esters and acids) could be used as indicators to simply distinguish the storage period of virgin coconut oil, at least six key volatile components (2-heptanone, 2-hexanone, δ-hexanolactone, hexanal, caproic acid and δ-octalactone) could also be used to evaluate the oxidation of virgin coconut oil. Related research provided theoretical reference for the evaluation of virgin coconut oil flavor quality and degree of oxidation, and the findings would be conducive to the development of a new method for the identification of virgin coconut oil products with different degrees of freshness.

Objective To explore the effect of Fonsecaea monophora (F.monophora) pigment strain melanin on the apoptosis of macrophages RAW264.7. Methods Macrophages were co-cultured with PBS, F.monophora pigment strain and albino strain, Western blot was used to detect the expression of PARP-1; and real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression of BCL-2 and BAX in each group. Annexin V FITC fluorescent staining was used to detect apoptosis. Results After co-cultured with macrophages RAW264.7, the pigmented strain was more capable of cutting PARP-1, down-regulating the ratio of BCL-2/BAX expression, and up-regulating Annexin V FITC positive cells than the albino strain. Conclusion The F.monophora pigment strain may resist the immune killing effect of macrophages by promoting the apoptosis of macrophages, while the albino strains cannot obviously promote the apoptosis of macrophages.

Large-leaf yellow tea, a slightly fermented yellow tea that is unique to China, has a stronger hypoglycemic effect than other tea varieties, such as green and black tea. Research on large-leaf yellow tea has focused on its hypoglycemic effect owing to the lack of comprehensive techniques to characterize its chemical components; thus, its development and further promotion are limited. Therefore, the development of a reliable analytical method to fully characterize the chemical components of large-leaf yellow tea is urgently required. In this study, a reliable strategy based on the data-acquisition technology of ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q TOF/MS) was established to rapidly screen and analyze the main chemical components of large-leaf yellow tea by combining the information of neutral loss groups and characteristic fragment ions. The chromatographic separation experiments were performed on a Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 column (100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) with gradient elution using 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution and acetonitrile as the mobile phases. The flow rate was 0.2 mL/min, the sample volume was 2 μL, and the column temperature was 35 ℃. The mass spectral information of the components in a large-leaf yellow tea solution was collected using the full-information tandem MS (MS E ) technique in positive and negative ion modes. The specific chemical components of large-leaf yellow tea was identified as follows. First, a self-established database of tea chemical components was constructed based on the literature. The mass spectral cleavage pathways of different types of compounds in large-leaf yellow tea were then sorted using reference substances, and the characteristics of the fragment ions and neutral loss groups were summarized. The precise mass-to-charge ratio of the target chemical components were then obtained based on the mass spectral information. Finally, the structures of the compounds in large-leaf yellow tea were confirmed based on their chromatographic retention times, mass spectral cleavage pathways, characteristic fragment ions, and neutral loss groups. A total of 87 chemical components, including 10 catechins, 32 flavonoids, 16 phenolic acids, 12 tannins, 6 theaflavins, and 11 compounds in other classes, were identified in large-leaf yellow tea. Representative compounds of various classes, including gallocatechin gallate, quercetin, vitexin, gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, 1,3,6-tri- O -galloyl- β -D-glucose, and theaflavin, were selected, and their characteristic fragment ions and neutral loss groups were investigated in detail to reveal the cleavage pathways of different types of compounds in large-leaf yellow tea. The UPLC-Q TOF/MS method established in this study can comprehensively identify the main chemical components of large-leaf yellow tea in a simple, highly sensitive, stable, and reliable manner. This study provides a scientific basis and data support for the discovery of functional ingredients and quality evaluation of large-leaf yellow tea.

22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) is the most common chromosomal microdeletion disorder. Its phenotype is highly variable with incomplete penetrance. 22q11.2DS is a rare disease, and the research progress is relatively slow, which has restricted its treatment and intervention. In recent years, much progress has been made in the pathogenic mechanism and genome-wide association study of 22q11.2DS. In this review, the pathogenesis of 22q11.2DS was summarized. Thereafter, the molecular and pathological mechanisms of TBX1 and DGCR8 genes were clarified. Finally, factors affecting the penetrance of cardiac and immune system phenotypes were reviewed. This review may enhance the understanding of 22q11.2DS and has important clinical implications on the prenatal diagnosis, genetic counseling, treatment and intervention of this disease.

To understand the karst groundwater hydrochemical characteristics and ion sources of the Jinan Baotu Spring area, this study focused on the three functional zones as an indirect recharge area, direct recharge area, and discharge area. Through water sample collection and testing, the spatial variability of groundwater chemical characteristics in different functional zones and the formation mechanism were analyzed using hydrochemistry parameter statistics, multivariate statistics, self-organizing map, hydrochemistry graphical analysis, ion ratios, and other methods, guided by the theory of groundwater flow system and combined with regional physical geography and hydrogeological conditions. The results showed that： the groundwater of each functional zone was alkaline as is typical in the dissolution of carbonate minerals. Owing to the different groundwater runoff pathways, the variability of water chemistry parameters in different functional areas was obvious. The groundwater of the discharge area was recharged by both the direct recharge area and the indirect recharge area. The hydrochemistry type changed from HCO 3 -Ca type to HCO 3 ·SO 4 -Ca type through the indirect recharge area to the discharge area. The presence of a small amount of gypsum dissolution within the aquifer generated Ca 2+ and SO 4 2- . The ions in groundwater mainly came from the dissolution and filtration of aquifer rock minerals, and at the same time, they were affected by cation exchange, mineral dissolution equilibrium, and the combined effects of human activities. The groundwater in the Baotu Spring area was greatly influenced by human activities, which to some extent affected the evolution of groundwater hydrochemistry in the spring area.

Objective To investigate the current status of physical activity and depressive symptoms among middle-aged and older adults in Chengdu,Sichuan and explore the relationship between physical activity and depressive symptoms. Methods Multi-stage proportional stratified random sampling was employed to select middle-aged and older adults aged ≥45 years as the participants,and face-to-face interviews were carried out to collect data.Logistic regression was adopted to explore the relationship between physical activity and depressive symptoms in middle-aged and older adults.The trend test was performed for the relationship between different levels of physical activity and depressive symptoms.The subgroup analysis and the test for multiplicative interactions were conducted for the relationship between physical activity and depressive symptoms. Results A total of 4376 middle-aged and older adults were included.Among them,14.58% (638/4376),25.98% (1137/4376),and 27.83% (1218/4376) had depressive symptoms,failed to reach the guideline-recommended standards of physical activity,and were at low levels of physical activity,respectively.There was a negative association between reaching guideline-recommended physical activity standard and depressive symptoms in middle-aged and older adults ( OR =0.713,95% CI =0.589-0.861, P <0.001).In addition,moderate levels ( OR =0.714,95% CI =0.586-0.871, P =0.001) and high levels of physical activity ( OR =0.705,95% CI =0.548-0.906, P =0.006) had negative associations with the presence of depressive symptoms.The trend test revealed that the negative association between physical activity and depressive symptoms in middle-aged and older adults enhanced as the level of physical activity increased ( P for trend =0.001).The subgroup analysis and the test for multiplicative interactions revealed that neither reaching guideline-recommended physical activity standards or not nor the physical activity level had an interaction with each of the subgroups (all P for interaction >0.05). Conclusion The current status of depressive symptoms among middle-aged and older adults in Chengdu,Sichuan needs to be ameliorated.A negative association existed between reaching the guideline-recommended physical activity standard and presence of depressive symptoms,and the negative association enhanced as the physical activity level elevated.

Objective To investigate the status and influencing factors of pressuring feeding style among caregivers in remote rural areas of Sichuan province. Methods Multistage sampling was conducted to select infants of 6-11 months old who had received complementary food and their caregivers in remote rural areas of Sichuan province.A questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic characteristics of infants and their caregivers,pressuring feeding behaviors,feeding environment,and caregivers' negative emotions.Quantile regression was employed to analyze the factors influencing pressuring feeding among caregivers of infants. Results A total of 1358 pairs of infants and their caregivers were included,with the pressuring feeding behavior score of 11 (8,14).Parity was the protective factor for caregivers' pressuring feeding ( β 25 =-1.17, P <0.001; β 50 =-1.40, P =0.002; β 75 =-2.18, P <0.001).Whether infants played with toys while eating ( β 25 =1.00, P <0.001; β 50 =1.20, P =0.003; β 75 =1.42, P <0.001) and whether infants watched TV/mobile phones ( β 25 =0.50, P =0.048; β 50 =1.07, P =0.004) were the risk factors.At the 75th percentile,caregivers' negative emotions were the risk factor for pressuring feeding ( β 75 =0.94, P =0.015).Caregivers' education background ( β 25 =0.83, P =0.034; β 50 =0.87, P =0.021) and family income ( β 75 =1.09, P =0.012) were also significantly associated with pressuring feeding scores at different quartile points. Conclusion Pressuring feeding behaviors of caregivers in remote rural areas of Sichuan province need to be improved.Based on the characteristics of infants and their families,guidance should be carried out to improve the feeding environment and the mental health of caregivers,thereby promoting reasonable feeding behaviors among caregivers of infants in rural areas.

Objective: To investigate the changes in serum homeobox A9 ( HOXA9 ), soluble E-cadherin (SE-CAD) and type Ⅲ procollagen (PCⅢ) levels in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients after chemotherapy with DCAG regimen and their relationship with prognosis., Methods: The clinical data of 80 patients with relapsed/refractory AML diagnosed and treated in our hospital from March 2018 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. According to different treatment regimen, the patients were divided into DCAG group ( n =40) and CAG group ( n =40). The clinical efficacy and changes of HOXA9 , SE-CAD and PCⅢ levels before and after treatment were compared. In addition, all patients were divided into remission group ( n =58) and non-remission group ( n =22) according to the clinical efficacy. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to analyze the risk factors affecting the prognosis of AML patients. The predictive efficacy of the three single indicators, HOXA9 , SE-CAD, and PC III, and their combination on prognosis was analyzed., Results: Compared with before treatment, the levels of HOXA9 , SE-CAD and PCⅢ in both the DCAG and CAG groups were decreased after treatment, and the improvement of each indicator and the clinical efficacy in the DCAG group were significantly better than those in the CAG group (all P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that increased bone marrow blast count, HOXA9 mRNA, SE-CAD and PCⅢ levels were independent risk factors affecting the efficacy of chemotherapy in AML patients (all P < 0.05). ROC curves showed that the combination of HOXA9 mRNA, SE-CAD and PCIII could effectively predict the prognosis of AML patients, with a sensitivity of 84.80% and a specificity of 88.20%., Conclusion: DCAG regimen can significantly improve the levels of HOXA9 mRNA, SE-CAD and PCⅢ in AML patients, these three indicators are all independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of AML patients, and the combination of the three indicators can effectively predict the prognosis of the patients.

Objective: To elucidate the role of circVRK1 and its interaction with miR-4428 in regulating proliferation and apoptosis in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells., Methods: KOCL44 ALL cells were cultured in vitro , and experimental groups included pcDNA, pcDNA-circVRK1, anti-miR-NC, anti-miR-4428, si-NC, si-circVRK1, pcDNA-circVRK1+miR-NC, and pcDNA-circVRK1+miR-4428. The expression levels of circVRK1 and miR-4428 were detected using qRT-PCR. CCK-8 assays and flow cytometry were used to assess cell proliferation and apoptosis, respectively. The dual luciferase reporter assays were employed to investigate the interaction between circVRK1 and miR-4428, with groups categorized as WT-circVRK1+miR-NC, WT-circVRK1+miR-4428, MUT-circVRK1+miR-NC, and MUT-circVRK1+ miR-4428. Western blotting was utilized to detect the expression levels of Ki-67, cleaved caspase-3, and cleaved caspase-9 proteins., Results: Compared to the pcDNA group, circVRK1 expression was up-regulated in the pcDNA-circVRK1 group ( P <0.05). Compared to transfection with pcDNA or anti-miR-NC, transfection with pcDNA-circVRK1 or anti-miR-4428 led to decreased cell viability and Ki-67 protein levels in KOCL44 cells ( P <0.05), and increased apoptosis rates and levels of cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9 ( P <0.05). circVRK1 was found to negatively regulate miR-4428 expression, with this effect observed only in the WT-circVRK1 group. miR-4428 levels were lower in the pcDNA-circVRK1 group compared to the pcDNA group ( P <0.05) and higher in the si-circVRK1 group compared to the si-NC group ( P <0.05). Co-transfection with pcDNA-circVRK1+miR-4428 resulted in increased cell viability ( P <0.05) and Ki-67 expression ( P <0.05), and decreased apoptosis rates and levels of cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9 ( P <0.05) compared to co-transfection with pcDNA-circVRK1+miR-NC., Conclusion: Overexpression of circVRK1 reduces the proliferation ability of acute ALL cells and induces cell apoptosis by downregulating miR-4428 expression., Competing Interests: 利益冲突　所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突, (© 2024《四川大学学报（医学版）》编辑部 版权所有Copyright ©2024 Editorial Office of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Sciences).)

Lung cancer causes a significant threat to human health. Despite considerable advancements in the treatment technologies in recent years, the five-year survival rate for lung cancer patients remains low. In this context, the discovery of pyroptosis, a unique cell death mechanism, offers a novel perspective for exploring new pathways of lung cancer treatment. Particularly, the role of gasdermin E (GSDME) in the process of pyroptosis reveals its tremendous potential in lung cancer therapy. Recent studies have made considerable progress in understanding the role of GSDME-mediated pyroptosis in lung cancer growth, the lung cancer microenvironment, and the effect of GSDME methylation on lung cancer treatment. This paper summarizes these research advancements and analyzes the potential and possible side effects of GSDME-mediated pyroptosis in lung cancer therapy, aiming to provide a theoretical foundation for developing more effective strategies for lung cancer treatment.
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Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of endoscopic radical mastectomy for breast cancer combined with total pectoral muscle reconstruction with breast implants., Methods: The clinical data of 138 female patients with breast cancer who met the selection criteria between April 2019 and December 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. The mean age of the patients was 43.8 years (range, 27-61 years). The maximum diameter of the tumors ranged from 1.00 to 7.10 cm, with an average of 2.70 cm. Pathological examination showed that 108 cases were positive for both estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor, and 40 cases were positive for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. All patients underwent endoscopic radical mastectomy for breast cancer combined with total pectoral muscle reconstruction with breast implants. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, prosthesis size, and occurences of nipple-areola complex (NAC) ischemia, flap ischemia, infection, and capsular contracture were recorded. The Breast-Q2.0 score was used to evaluate breast aesthetics, patient satisfaction, and quality of life (including the social mental health score, breast satisfaction score, and chest pain score). Patients were divided into two groups based on the time of operation after the technique was implemented: group A (within 1 year, 25 cases) and group B (after 1 year, 113 cases). The above outcome indicators were compared between the two groups. Furthermore, based on the postoperative follow-up duration, patients were classified into a short-term group (follow-up time was less than 1 year) and a long-term group (follow-up time was more than 1 year). The baseline data and postoperative Breast-Q2.0 scores were compared between the two groups., Results: The average operation time was 120.76 minutes, the average intraoperative blood loss was 23.77 mL, and the average prosthesis size was 218.37 mL. Postoperative NAC ischemia occurred in 21 cases (15.22%), flap ischemia in 30 cases (21.74%), infection in 23 cases (16.67%), capsular contracture in 33 cases (23.91%), and prosthesis removal in 2 cases (1.45%). The operation time of group A was significantly longer than that of group B ( P <0.05), and there was no significant difference in intraoperative blood loss, prosthesis size, and related complications between the two groups ( P >0.05). All patients were followed up 3-48 months (mean, 20 months). There were 33 cases in the short-term group and 105 cases in the long-term group. There was no significant difference in baseline data such as age, body mass index, number of menopause cases, number of neoadjuvant chemotherapy cases, number of axillary lymph node dissection cases, breast cup size, degree of breast ptosis, and postoperative radiotherapy constituent ratio between the two groups ( P >0.05). At last follow-up, the breast satisfaction score in the patients' Breast-Q2.0 score ranged from 33 to 100, with an average of 60.9; the social mental health score ranged from 38 to 100, with an average of 71.3; the chest pain score ranged from 20 to 80, with an average of 47.3. The social mental health score of the long-term group was significantly higher than that of the short-term group ( P <0.05); there was no significant difference in breast satisfaction scores and chest pain scores between the two groups ( P >0.05). No patient died during the follow-up, and 2 patients relapsed at 649 days and 689 days postoperatively, respectively. The recurrence-free survival rate was 98.62%., Conclusion: Endoscopic radical mastectomy for breast cancer combined with total pectoral muscle reconstruction with breast implants has fewer complications and less damage, and the aesthetic effect of reconstructed breast is better.

To clarify the regulating effect of vegetation and soil factors on microbial communities in the alpine steppe under degradation on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, the alpine steppe in the Sanjiangyuan area of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau was chosen. We analyzed the differences in vegetation and soil factors in different stages of degradation （non-degradation, moderate degradation, and severe degradation） and detected the variations in microbial community characteristics in the alpine steppe under different degradation stages using high-throughput sequencing technology. Eventually, redundancy analysis （RDA） and multiple regression matrixes （MRM） based on the similarity or dissimilarity matrix were used to identify key environmental factors regulating microbial （bacterial and fungal） community changes under degradation. The results showed that the degradation of the alpine steppe significantly changed the community coverage, height, biomass, and important value of graminae； significantly reduced the contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and silt； and increased the soil bulk density and sand content. Degradation did not change the composition of bacteria and fungi, but their composition proportions changed and also resulted in the loss of microbial richness （Chao1 index and Richness index） but did not significantly change the microbial diversity （Shannon index）. With the occurrence of degradation, the vegetation characteristics, soil physicochemical properties, and microbial diversity showed a consistent change trend. Combined with the characteristics of the network topology changes （the number of nodes and clustering coefficient significantly decreased）, it was found that degradation of the alpine steppe led to the decline of interspecies interactions, decentralization of network, and homogenization of microorganisms, but the cooperation relations among the species were maintained （positive correlation connections accounted for more than 90% in all degradation stages）. Under the alpine steppe degradation, the vegetation-soil interaction had the greatest effect on soil bacterial community, whereas soil physicochemical properties had the greatest influence on soil fungal community. Specifically, vegetation community height, biomass, and soil bulk density were the mutual factors regulating soil microorganisms, whereas the vegetation Simpson index, important value of graminae, soil total phosphorus, total potassium, and silt content were the unique factors affecting the soil bacterial community, and soil pH and total nitrogen content were the particular factors affecting the soil fungal community.

Objective: To clarify the effect of iodoacetic acid(IAA) on the blood system and electrolyte balance, hence further study the intrinsic relation of blood routine parameters and electrolyte levels, major hematological toxicity effects and their pattern after IAA treatment., Methods: Forty-eight 21-day-old male SPF grade Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats were gavaged with 0, 6.25, 12.5 and 25 mg/kg IAA for 31 days. After detections of blood routine and plasma inorganic ion levels, Spearman correlation coefficients were performed to evaluate their relationship. Changes in ferritin, transferrin, hepcidin, C-reactive protein and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase(GAPDH) were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The EDock bioinformatics tool was applied to docking model of IAA and GAPDH., Results: Compared to the control, high-dose IAA exposure had obvious inhibition effect on rat leukocytes with the total number declined by 51.12%, and neutrophils were particularly sensitive to IAA with the number reduced by 73.66%(P&lt;0.01), and rat erythrocytes exhibited a small cell low pigment effect with hemoglobin and hematocrit decreased by 8.60% and 8.70%, respectively(P&lt;0.05). But IAA had little effects on the platelet. Plasma iron, phosphorus, zinc and potassium levels were repressed significantly, while chlorine, sodium and magnesium levels were elevated obviously through IAA exposure. However, plasma calcium levels were hardly affected by IAA. In comparison with the control, iron levels declined by 67.09%, whereas magnesium levels increased by 131.82% in the high-dose group(P&lt;0.01). Overall, correlation analyses uncovered that plasma iron metabolism was most strongly and positively correlated with levels of leukocyte, erythrocyte and platelet system parameters after IAA exposure, and the correlation coefficients of leukocyte number, mean hemoglobin content and mean erythrocyte volume were 0.637, 0.410 and 0.365, respectively(P&lt;0.05). Compared to the control, in the high-dose IAA group, the plasma content of C-reactive protein was significantly upregulated by 13.30%(P&lt;0.05), and plasma levels of transferrin and ferromodulin were also respectively elevated by 12.73% and 11.02%(P&lt;0.05). But plasma levels of ferritin and GAPDH did not differ between groups. The docking model exhibited that IAA could bind to the 150 Cys active site of rat GAPDH did., Conclusion: IAA not only had toxic effects on rat leukocytes and the plasma electrolyte balance, but also generated inflammation and iron deficiency, leading to smaller erythrocytes and lower pigment.

Excessive accumulation of nitrogen is a major cause of water eutrophication. Developing an inexpensive and efficient nitrogen removal technology is therefore essential for wastewater purification. The microbial technology for nitrogen removal has been widely used for its low cost, high efficiency, and strong environmental adaptability. Most recently, with the advances in synthetic biotechnology, artificial multicellular systems have been sufficiently developed and exhibited unique definability and controllability. Compared with those in the natural microbial consortia, the nitrogen removal pathways and environmental response mechanisms are easy to be clarified in the artificial multicellular systems, which allow for efficient nitrogen removal under low cellular metabolic loading. Therefore, artificial multicellular systems demonstrate great application potential in the purification of wastewater, including landfill leachate, industrial wastewater, seawater aquaculture wastewater, and domestic sewage. We focused on the design, building, and application of artificial multicellular systems for nitrogen removal from wastewater. Specifically, we summarized the functional microorganisms and their nitrogen removal mechanisms, introduced the design principles and building methods of artificial multicellular systems, illustrated the application of artificial multicellular systems with examples, and prospected the future research trend in nitrogen removal from wastewater. The conclusion is expected to provide new insights and efficient strategies for optimizing the microbial nitrogen removal from wastewater.

Currently, there is no international standard for the methodology of patient versions of guideline development. In China, the development of patient versions of guidelines is still in its infancy, and there are no registered or published patient versions of guidelines in the field of acupuncture. This paper introduces two methods of developing patient versions of guidelines: directly converting clinical practice guidelines into patient versions guidelines and developing patient versions of guidelines independently. The relationship and differences between patient guidelines and clinical practice versions of guidelines are compared. By integrating the unique characteristics of acupuncture, this paper analyzes and discusses the significance, problems, and challenges of developing patient versions of guidelines in the field of acupuncture, aiming to provide methodological references for the future development of acupuncture patient versions of guidelines.

The vegetation phenology of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau is changing significantly in the context of climate change. However, there are many hydrothermal factors affecting the phenology, and few studies have focused on the effects of multiple factors on the phenology of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, resulting in a lack of understanding of the mechanisms underlying phenological changes on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. In this study, we used remote sensing data interpretation to analyze the spatial and temporal variability of grassland phenology on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau from 2002 to 2021, focusing on precipitation, temperature, altitude, soil, and other aspects to reveal the dominant factors of phenological variability using an interpretable machine learning method (SHAP) and to quantify the interactive effects of multiple factors on phenology. The results showed that:① The growing season start (SOS) of grasslands on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau mostly ranged from 110 to 150 d, with 56.32 % of grasslands showing an early SOS trend; the growing season end (EOS) mostly ranged from 290-320 d, with 67.65 % of grasslands showing a delayed EOS trend; and the growing season length (LOS) mostly ranged from 120 to 210 d, with 65.50 % of the grasslands showing a trend towards longer growing season lengths. ② SOS in grasslands on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau was mainly influenced by moisture conditions, in which soil moisture between 10 and 25 kg·m -2 in the 0-10 cm soil layer in March promoted the advancement of SOS and peaked at approximately 20 kg·m -2 . EOS was mainly influenced by temperature, with higher temperatures in September and October having a stronger effect on EOS latency promotion and peaking at over 8 ℃ and -0.5 ℃, respectively. The main influencing factors of LOS were more consistent with SOS, in which soil moisture between 15 and 25 kg·m -2 in the 0-10 cm soil layer in March promoted the prolongation of LOS and peaked at approximately 18 kg·m -2 . ③ There was an obvious interactive effect of water and heat and other factors on phenology; after soil moisture reached 20 kg·m -2 in the 0-10 cm soil layer in March, SOS was more advanced in low-precipitation and low-altitude areas. Better moisture conditions were more conducive to EOS delay at temperatures above 0 ℃ in October, and soil moisture in high precipitation areas promoted LOS prolongation more when soil moisture was between 12 and 22 kg·m -2 in 0-10 cm in March. The results also demonstrated that interpretable machine learning methods could provide a new approach to the analysis of the multifactorial effects of phenological change.

We studied the population characteristics of Caragana microphylla and related soil factors across diffe-rent stages of shrub encroachment ( i.e ., light, moderate, and severe) on the Xilingol Grassland of Inner Mongolia. The results showed that the density and height of C. microphylla gradually increased during the process of grassland shrub-encroachment from light to moderate to severe. The density and height were increased by 196.0% and 34.5% from light to moderate stage of shrub encroachment, and were increased by 25.4% and 17.6% from moderate to severe stage. Crown size, basal diameter, tiller number per clump, and aboveground productivity of C. microphylla tented to decrease first and then increase, while the proportion of aboveground biomass allocation to leaves decreased across the stages of shrub encroachment. The competition between C. microphylla and herbaceous species was strongest in the moderate encroachment stage. C. microphylla reduced its lateral growth (such as crown size, basal diameter, and tiller number per clump) and increased density and height to get competitive advantage. Limi-ting soil factors for C. microphylla varied significantly at different stages of shrub encroachment. In the light encroachment stage, soil factors had little effect on the growth of C. microphylla . In the moderate encroachment stage, soil moisture in the deep layer (20-50 cm) and soil pH were the key factors limiting shrub density. In the severe encroachment stage, soil moisture in the deep layer and pH limited the vertical growth of C. microphylla , while soil moisture of shallow layer (0-20 cm) and nutrients were the limiting factors for the lateral expansion of shrubs.

Objective: To investigate the dynamic changes of diaphragm and limb skeletal muscle in patients with sepsis by bedside ultrasound and their correlation with the ratio of blood urea/creatinine ratio (UCR) in 7 days after intensive care unit (ICU) admission., Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted. A total of 55 patients with sepsis admitted to ICU of General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University from June 2022 to February 2023 were selected as the research objects. General information, laboratory indicators [urea, serum creatinine (SCr), and UCR] on days 1, 4, and 7 of ICU admission, and prognostic indicators were observed. Bedside ultrasound was used to assess the dynamic changes of diaphragm morphology [including diaphragmatic excursion (DE), end-inspiratory diaphragm thickness (DTei), and end-expiratory diaphragm thickness (DTee)] on days 1, 4, and 7 of ICU admission, as well as limb skeletal muscle (quadriceps femoris) morphology [including rectus femoris-muscle layer thickness (RF-MLT), vastus intermedius-muscle layer thickness (VI-MLT), and rectus femoris-cross sectional area (RF-CSA)]. Diaphragm thickening fraction (DTF) and RF-CSA atrophy rate were calculated, and the incidence of diaphragm and limb skeletal muscle dysfunction was recorded. The correlation between ultrasound morphological parameters of diaphragm and quadriceps and UCR at each time points in 7 days after ICU admission was analyzed by Pearson correlation., Results: A total of 55 patients with sepsis were included, of which 29 were in septic shock. As the duration of ICU admission increased, the incidence of diaphragm dysfunction in patients with sepsis increased first and then decreased (63.6%, 69.6%, and 58.6% on days 1, 4, and 7 of ICU admission, respectively), while the incidence of limb skeletal muscle dysfunction showed an increasing trend (54.3% and 62.1% on days 4 and 7 of ICU admission, respectively), with a probability of simultaneous occurrence on days 4 and 7 of ICU admission were 32.6% and 34.5%, respectively. The UCR on day 7 of ICU admission was significantly higher than that on day 1 [121.77 (95.46, 164.55) vs. 97.00 (70.26, 130.50)], and RF-CSA atrophy rate on day 7 was significantly higher than that on day 4 [%: -39.7 (-52.4, -22.1) vs. -26.5 (-40.2, -16.4)]. RF-CSA was significantly lower on day 7 compared to day 1 [cm 2 : 1.3 (1.0, 2.5) vs. 2.1 (1.7, 2.9)], with all differences being statistically significant (all P < 0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that RF-CSA on day 7 of ICU admission was negatively associated with the UCR on the same day (r = -0.407, P = 0.029)., Conclusions: Diaphragmatic dysfunction in patients with sepsis occurred early and can be improved. Limb skeletal muscle dysfunction occurred relatively later and progresses progressively. The RF-CSA on day 7 of ICU admission may be a reliable measure of limb skeletal muscle dysfunction in patients with sepsis, can be an indicator of early identification and diagnosis of ICU-acquired weakness (ICU-AW). Continuous loss of muscle mass occurring in septic patients is mainly associated with persistent organismal catabolism, and undergoes significant changes around a week in ICU.

Objective To assess the influences of self-and interviewer-administered methods on the scores of anxiety and depression questionnaires among the patients with sports injuries.Methods A total of 532 participants with sports injuries treated in the Sports Medicine Center of West China Hospital,Sichuan University from November 2022 to May 2023 were included.They were randomly assigned to either the interviewer-administered group ( n =270) or the self-administered group ( n =262) to complete the generalized anxiety disorder (GAD-7) and the patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) scales.The total scores and prevalence rates of anxiety and depression were compared between the two groups.Results There was no statistically significant difference in gender,occupation,or surgical site between the two groups (all P >0.05).The self-administered group had higher scores of GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scales than the interviewer-administered group ( P <0.001, P <0.001).A greater proportion of participants in the self-administered group than in the interview-administered group met the criteria for mild to moderate anxiety and depression ( P <0.001, P =0.002).The prevalence rates of moderate to severe anxiety (GAD-7≥10) and depression (PHQ-9≥10) showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups ( P =0.761, P =0.086).Conclusion This study demonstrates that the participants in the self-administered group are more likely to report mild to moderate symptoms of anxiety and depression than those in the interviewer-administered group.

Objective To investigate the significance of nucleoporin 85 (NUP85) ex-pression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and analyze its relevance to immune response. Methods A comprehensive analysis was conducted using various online databases to assess the mRNA and protein expression of NUP85 in HCC, as well as its mutation status and prognostic diagnostic value. The immune relevance of NUP85 was evaluated using single-cell sequencing data and resources from the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) and the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis 2021 (GEPIA2021) databases. The drug sensitivity of NUP85 was analyzed through the Genomic Landscape of Cancer (GSCA) and the Clinical Bioinformatics Home. Co-expressed genes of NUP85 in HCC were filtered using the Hepatocellular Carcinoma Comprehensive Molecular Database (HCCDB), and the correlation between NUP85 and its related genes was analyzed using the R language "limma" package. The gene ontology (GO) functions, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) of NUP85 and its related genes were performed using the R language "clusterProfiler" package. The Clinical Bioinformatics Home was utilized to construct heatmaps and prognostic risk scoring models for NUP85 and its related genes. Results NUP85 mRNA and protein expression were upregulated in HCC, showing high levels across dif-ferent stages and grades, which indicates a poor prognosis for patients. The mutation rate of NUP85 in HCC samples was 19%, significantly affecting the overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and progression-free survival (PFS) of patients. NUP85 was highly expressed in various immune cells, including macrophages, B cells, and T cells, and was positively correlated with the infiltration levels of multiple immune cells. The expression of NUP85 was significantly correlated with multiple drugs, such as Milademetan (PD0325901), a structural analog of Vemurafenib (PLX4720), and Regorafenib (PD0325901). The GO functions of NUP85 and its co-expressed genes were mainly enriched in organelle fission, nuclear division, and chromosome segregation, while the KEGG pathways were primarily enriched in the cell cycle and kinesin proteins. These factors significantly and unfavorably affected the OS of HCC patients, and the areas under the ROC curve (AUC) for the 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year OS prognostic diagnosis of HCC patients were all greater than 0.7. Conclusion The high expression of NUP85 in HCC is correlated with a poor prognosis and is related to various immune cells and drugs, making it a potential biomarker for di-agnosis, treatment, and prognosis in HCC.

The traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) single preparation refers to the innovative TCM made from the whole or the effective part(including the effective ingredient) extract of a TCM single herb by modern technology. They have a long history of applications, definite effects and few side effects. It is an indispensable part of the research of innovative TCM. In recent years, with the optimization of national policies, the development of TCM single preparation shows a positive trend. However, because of the imbalance in the composition ratio, the need for expansion of indications, the need for further basic research, and the low conversion rate of existing patent achievements in universities and institutes, the TCM single preparation still has significant development space. In this review, we analyze and study the current situation, characteristics and difficulties of TCM single preparation, as well as relevant clinical application, basic research, industrialization and patent application information through statistical analysis of TCM single preparations in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, which helps to provide direction for the development and research of single preparation of TCM.

Objectives: To observe effects of acupuncture at "Die E acupoint" on the protein expression levels of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), nuclear transcription factor κB (NF-κB), transcription factor T-bet (T-bet), and GATA-binding protein-3 (GATA-3) in the nasal mucosa and the serum contents of related inflammatory cytokines in rats with allergic rhinitis, so as to explore the mechanism of acupuncture in treating allergic rhinitis., Methods: Twenty-four healthy SD rats were randomly divided into blank, model, acupuncture, and sham acupuncture groups, with 6 rats in each group. The rat model of allergic rhinitis was established by using ovalbumin induction. The rats in the acupuncture group received bilateral acupuncture at the "Die E acupoint" with a depth of 15-20 mm, while the rats in the sham acupuncture group received only sham acupuncture (light and shallow acupunture of the skin at the "Die E acupoint" ). Both interventions were performed once daily for a total of 6 days. Behavioral scores of rats in each group were recorded. Pathological changes of nasal mucosa were observed by H.E. staining. Serum contents of IgE, ovalbumin-specific IgE (OVA-sIgE), interferon(IFN)-γ, interleukin(IL)-4, IL-10 and IL-17 were measured by ELISA and the protein expression levels of T-bet, GATA-3, TLR4, MyD88 and NF-κB p65 in the nasal mucosa were detected by Western blot., Results: After modeling, compared with the blank group, rats in the model group showed increased behavioral scores, serum IgE, OVA-sIgE, IL-4, and IL-17 contents, and nasal mucosal GATA-3, TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB p65 protein expression levels ( P <0.05), whereas the contents of serum IFN-γ, IL-10 and the protein expression level of T-bet in the nasal mucosa were decreased ( P <0.05). Comparison between the EA and model groups showed that acupuncture intervention can decrease the behavioral scores of rats with allergic rhinitis, the contents of serum IgE, OVA-sIgE, IL-4, IL-17, and the protein expression levels of GATA-3, TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB p65 in the nasal mucosa ( P <0.05), and up-regulate the contents of serum IFN-γ, IL-10, and the nasal mucosal T-bet protein expression level. Sham acupuncture did not have a significant modulating effect on the above indicators. Inflammatory infiltration of nasal mucosa was seen in the model group and sham acupuncture, and the inflammatory reaction was milder in the acupuncture group., Conclusions: Acupuncture at "Die E acupoint" can alleviate the symptoms of allergic rhinitis and suppress the inflammation of nasal mucosa in rats, which may be related to inhibiting the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling and balancing the levels of cytokines of Th1/Th2 and Treg/Th17, and T-bet/GATA-3.

Objectives: To investigate the safety of early antiplatelet therapy for non-cardioembolic mild stroke patients with thrombocytopenia., Methods: Data of acute ischemic stroke patients with baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score ≤3 and a platelet count <100×10 9 /L were obtained from a multicenter register. Those who required anticoagulation or had other contraindications to antiplatelet therapy were excluded. Short-term safety outcomes were in-hospital bleeding events, while the long-term safety outcome was a 1-year all-cause death. The short-term neurological outcomes were evaluated by modified Rankin scale (mRS) score at discharge., Results: A total of 1868 non-cardioembolic mild stroke patients with thrombocytopenia were enrolled. Multivariate regression analyses showed that mono-antiplatelet therapy significantly increased the proportion of mRS score of 0-1 at discharge ( OR =1.657, 95% CI : 1.253-2.192, P <0.01) and did not increase the risk of intracranial hemorrhage ( OR =2.359, 95% CI : 0.301-18.503, P >0.05), compared with those without antiplatelet therapy. However, dual-antiplatelet therapy did not bring more neurological benefits ( OR =0.923, 95% CI : 0.690-1.234, P >0.05), but increased the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding ( OR =2.837, 95% CI : 1.311-6.136, P <0.01) compared with those with mono-antiplatelet therapy. For patients with platelet counts ≤75×10 9 /L and >90×10 9 /L, antiplatelet therapy significantly improved neurological functional outcomes (both P <0.05). For those with platelet counts (>75-90)×10 9 /L, antiplatelet therapy resulted in a significant improvement of 1-year survival ( P <0.05). For patients even with concurrent coagulation abnormalities, mono-antiplatelet therapy did not increase the risk of various types of bleeding (all P >0.05) but improved neurological functional outcomes (all P <0.01). There was no significant difference in the occurrence of bleeding events, 1-year all-cause mortality risk, and neurological functional outcomes between aspirin and clopidogrel (all P >0.05)., Conclusions: For non-cardioembolic mild stroke patients with thrombocytopenia, antiplatelet therapy remains a reasonable choice. Mono-antiplatelet therapy has the same efficiency as dual-antiplatelet therapy in neurological outcome improvement with lower risk of gastrointestinal bleeding.

This study aims to explore the potential mechanism of action in the intervention of acute lung injury(ALI) based on the blood entry components of Ganke Granules in rats and in conjunction with network pharmacology, molecular docking, and animal experimental validation. The blood entry components of Ganke Granules in rats were imported into the SwissTargetPrediction platform to predict drug targets, and ALI-related targets were collected from the disease database. Intersections were taken, and protein-protein interaction(PPI) networks were constructed to screen the core targets, followed by Gene Ontology(GO) functional and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and gnomes(KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses. A &quot;blood entry components-target-pathway-disease&quot; network was constructed, and the core components for disease intervention based on their topological parameters were screened. Molecular docking was used to predict the binding ability of the core components to key targets. The key targets of Ganke Granules in the intervention of ALI were verified by the lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced ALI mouse model. Through PPI topological parameter analysis, the top six key targets of STAT3, SRC, HSP90AA1, MAPK3, HRAS, and MAPK1 related to ALI were obtained. GO functional analysis showed that it was mainly related to ERK1 and ERK2 cascade, inflammatory response, and response to LPS. KEGG analysis showed that the main enrichment pathways were MAPK, neutrophil extracellular trap(NET) formation, and so on. Six core components(schizantherin B, schisandrin, besigomsin, harpagoside, isotectorigenin, and trachelanthamine) were filtered out by the &quot;blood entry components-target-pathway-disease&quot; network based on the analysis of topological parameters. Molecular docking results showed that the six core components and Tectoridin with the highest content in the granules had a high affinity with the key targets of MAPK3, SRC, MAPK1, and STAT3. In vivo experiment results showed that compared with the model group, Ganke Granules could effectively alleviate LPS-induced histopathological injury in the lungs of mice and reduce the percentage of inflammatory infiltration. The total protein content, nitric oxide(NO) level, myeloperoxidase(MPO) content, tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), gamma interferon(IFN-γ), interleukin-1β(IL-1β), interleukin-6(IL-6), vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF), and chemokine(C-X-C motif) ligand 1(CXCL1) chemokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) were decreased, and the expression levels of lymphocyte antigen 6G(Ly6G), citrullinated histones 3(Cit-H3), and phosphorylated proteins SRC, ERK1/2, and STAT3 in lung tissue were significantly down-regulated. In conclusion, Ganke Granules could effectively inhibit the inflammatory response of ALI induced by LPS, protect lung tissue, regulate the release of inflammatory factors, and inhibit neutrophil infiltration and NET formation, and the mechanism of action may be related to inhibiting the activation of SRC/ERK1/2/STAT3 signaling pathway.

Pesticide residues may be present in olive oil because pesticides are applied to olive trees during their cultivation and growth for pest prevention and some of these pesticides are not easily degraded. Studies on pesticide residues in olive oil have mainly focused on the detection of single types of pesticide residues, and reports on the simultaneous detection of multiple pesticide residues are limited. At present, hundreds of pesticides with different polarities and chemical properties are used in practice. In this study, an analytical method based on fully automatic QuEChERS pretreatment instrument coupled with gas chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-QTOF-MS) was established for the rapid determination of 222 pesticide residues in olive oil. The effects of acetonitrile acidification concentration, n -hexane volume, oscillation time, centrifugation temperature, and purification agent on the determination of the 222 pesticide residues were investigated. First, ions with good responses and no obvious interference were selected for quantification and characterization. The purification process was then developed by setting the parameters of the fully automatic QuEChERS pretreatment instrument to optimal values. The sample was extracted with acetonitrile containing 2% formic acid, and the supernatant was purified by centrifugation in a centrifuge tube containing 400 mg N -propylethylenediamine (PSA), 400 mg octadecylsilane-bonded silica gel (C18), and 1200 mg anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The purified solution was blown dry with nitrogen and then fixed with ethyl acetate for instrumental analysis. Finally, a matrix standard solution was used for quantification. The method was validated in terms of matrix effects, linear ranges, limits of detection (LODs) and quantification (LOQs), accuracies, and precisions. The results showed that 86.04% of the 222 pesticides had linear ranges of 0.02-2.00 μg/mL, 10.81% had linear ranges of 0.10-2.00 μg/mL, and 3.15% had linear ranges of 0.20-2.00 μg/mL. The pesticide residues showed good relationships within their respective linear ranges, and the correlation coefficients ( R 2 ) were greater than 0.99. The LODs of all tested pesticides ranged from 0.002 to 0.050 mg/kg, and their LOQs ranged from 0.007 to 0.167 mg/kg. Among the 222 pesticides determined, 170 pesticides had LOQs of 0.007 mg/kg while 21 pesticides had LOQs of 0.017 mg/kg. At the three spiked levels of 0.2, 0.5, and 0.8 mg/kg, 79.58% of all tested pesticides had average recoveries of 70%-120% while 65.92% had average recoveries of 80%-110%. In addition, 93.54% of all tested pesticides had relative standard deviations (RSDs, n =6)<10% while 98.35% had RSDs ( n =6)<20%. The method was applied to 14 commercially available olive oil samples, and seven pesticides were detected in the range of 0.0044-0.0490 mg/kg. The residues of fenbuconazole, chlorpyrifos, and methoprene did not exceed the maximum limits stated in GB 2763-2021. The maximum residual limits of molinate, monolinuron, benalaxyl, and thiobencarb have not been established. The method utilizes the high mass resolution capability of TOF-MS, which can improve the detection throughput while ensuring good sensitivity. In addition, high-resolution and accurate mass measurements render the screening results more reliable, which is necessary for the high-throughput detection of pesticide residues. The use of a fully automatic QuEChERS instrument in the pretreatment step reduces personnel errors and labor costs, especially when a large number of samples must be processed, thereby offering significant advantages over other approaches. Moreover, the method is simple, rapid, sensitive, highly automatable, accurate, and precise. Thus, it meets requirements for the high-throughput detection of pesticide residues in olive oil and provides a reference for the development of detection methods for pesticide residues in other types of oils as well as the automatic pretreatment of complex matrices.

The residual amount of halogenated solvents in olive oil is an important indicator of its quality. The National Olive Oil Quality Standard GB/T 23347-2021 states that the residual amount of individual halogenated solvents in olive oil should be ≤0.1 mg/kg and that the total residual amount of halogenated solvents should be ≤0.2 mg/kg. COI/T.20/Doc. No. 8-1990, which was published by the International Olive Council, describes the standard method used for the determination of halogenated solvents in olive oil. Unfortunately, this method is cumbersome, has poor repeatability and low automation, and is unsuitable for the detection and analysis of residual halogenated solvents in large quantities of olive oil. At present, no national standard method for determining residual halogenated solvents in olive oil is available in China. Thus, developing simple, efficient, accurate, and stable methods for the determination of residual halogenated solvents in olive oil is imperative. In this paper, a method based on automatic headspace gas chromatography was established for the determination of residual halogenated solvents, namely, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, dibromochloromethane, tetrachloroethylene, and bromoform, in olive oil. The samples were processed as follows. After mixing, 2.00 g (accurate to 0.01 g) of the olive oil sample was added into a 20 mL headspace injection bottle and immediately sealed for headspace gas chromatography analysis. Blank virgin olive oil was used to prepare a standard working solution and the external standard method for quantification. The solvents used in the preparation of halogenated solvent standard intermediates were investigated and methanol was selected as a replacement for N , N -dimethylacetamide to prepare a halogenated solvent standard intermediate owing to its safety. The effects of different injection times (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 s), equilibration temperatures (60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120 ℃), and equilibration times (4, 5, 8, 10, 20, 30, 40 min) of the headspace sampler on the detection of the residual amounts of the six halogenated solvents were investigated. The optimal injection time and equilibration temperature were 3 s and 90 ℃, respectively. The method demonstrated good analytical performance for the six halogenated solvents when the equilibration time was 30 min. A methodological study was conducted on the optimized method, and the results showed that the six halogenated solvents exhibited good linear relationships in the range of 0.002-0.200 mg/kg, with correlation coefficients of ≥0.9991. The limits of detection (LODs) and quantification (LOQs) of 1,1,1-trichloroethane and bromoform were 0.0006 and 0.002 mg/kg, respectively. The LODs and LOQs of chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, dibromochloromethane, and tetrachloroethylene were 0.0003 and 0.001 mg/kg, respectively. The average recoveries under different spiked levels were 85.53%-115.93%, and the relative standard deviations ( n =6) were 1.11%-8.48%. The established method was used to analyze 13 olive oil samples available in the market. Although no halogenated solvents were detected in these samples, a limited number of samples does not represent all olive oils. Hence, monitoring residual halogenated solvents in olive oil remains necessary for its safe consumption. The LOQs of the method for the six halogenated solvents were significantly lower than that of the COI/T.20/Doc. No. 8-1990 standard method (0.02 mg/kg). In addition, the developed method can be conducted under short operation times with high precision and degree of automation as well as good accuracy. Thus, the proposed method is suitable for the determination and analysis of the residues of the six halogenated solvents in large batches of olive oil samples.

Pseudouridine is the most abundant modified nucleoside found in non-coding RNA and is widely used in biological and pharmaceutical fields. However, current methods for pseudouridine production suffer from drawbacks such as complex procedures, low efficiency and high costs. This study presents a novel enzymatic cascade reaction route in Escherichia coli , enabling the whole-cell catalytic synthesis of pseudouridine from uridine. Initially, a metabolic pathway was established through plasmid-mediated overexpression of endogenous pseudouridine-5-phosphase glycosidase, ribokinase, and ribonucleoside hydrolase, resulting in the accumulation of pseudouridine. Subsequently, highly active endogenous ribonucleoside hydrolase was screened to enhance uridine hydrolysis and provide more precursors for pseudouridine synthesis. Furthermore, modifications were made to the substrates and products transport pathways to increase the pseudouridine yield while avoiding the accumulation of by-product uridine. The resulting recombinant strain Ψ-7 catalyzed the conversion of 30 g/L uridine into 27.24 g/L pseudouridine in 24 h, achieving a conversion rate of 90.8% and a production efficiency of 1.135 g/(L·h). These values represent the highest reported yield and production efficiency achieved by enzymatic catalysis methods to date.

Objective: To express the protein enconded by the Rv 3432 c gene of Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( M . tb ) in vitro by prokaryotic expression, to analyze the structure of the Rv3432c protein by using bioinformatics software, and to explore for new drug targets against M . tb ., Methods: The Rv 3432 c gene was amplified by PCR using the genomic DNA of the inactivated M . tb strain H37Rv as the template and a recombinant plasmid was constructed with the expression vector pET-28a. The expression products were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and purified using affinity chromatography. The biological properties of Rv3432c were analyzed with Protparam, the Pfam online tool, SOMPA, Protscale, TMHMM Signalp 6.0, NetPhos3.1, SUMOsp 2.0, and SWISS-MODEL., Results: pET-28a- Rv 3432 c recombinant plasmid sequencing results were fully consistent with those of the target gene. SDS-PAGE analysis showed that the fusion protein existed in the form of a soluble protein with a relative molecular mass of about 55×10 3 , which matched the expected size. ProtParam analysis showed that the Rv3432c protein was hydrophilic (showing a GRAVY value of －0.079). Rv3432c was a protein with no transmembrane structural domains or signal peptide. The secondary structure of Rv3432c mainly consisted of random coils (39.78%) and α-helix (39.57%) and was relatively loosely structured., Conclusion: We successfully constructed a prokaryotic expression plasmid of the Rv3432c protein and analyzed its structure using bioinformatics, laying the foundation for further research on the role of Rv3432c in the pathogenesis and progression of tuberculosis as well as the identification of new drug targets against M . tb ., Competing Interests: 利益冲突　所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突, (© 2024《四川大学学报（医学版）》编辑部 版权所有Copyright ©2024 Editorial Board of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Sciences).)

Objective: To investigate the synergistic regulation of the polarization of mesenchymal stem cells by integrin and N-cadherin-mediated mechanical adhesion and the underlying mechanobiological mechanisms., Methods: Bilayer polyethylene glyeol (PEG) hydrogels were formulated and modified with RGD and HAVDI peptides, respectively, to achieve mechanical adhesion to integrin and N-cadherin and to replicate the integrin-mediated mechanical interaction between cells and the extracellular matrix and the N-cadherin-mediated cell-cell mechanical interaction. The polar proteins, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and phosphorylated myosin light chain (pMLC), were characterized through immunofluorescence staining in individual cells with or without contact with HAVDI peptides under integrin-mediated adhesion, N-cadherin-mediated adhesion, and different intracellular forces. Their expression levels and polar distribution were analyzed using Image J., Results: Integrin-mediated adhesion induced significantly higher polar strengths of PI3K and pMLC in the contact group than in those in the no contact group, resulting in the concentration of the polar angle of PI3K to β-catenin in the range of 135° to 180° and the concentration of the polar angle of pMLC to β-catenin in the range of 0° to 45° in the contact group. Inhibition of integrin function led to inhibition of the polarity distribution of PI3K in the contact group, but did not change the polarity distribution of pMLC protein. The effect of N-cadherin on the polarity distributions of PI3K and pMLC was similar to that of integrin. However, inhibition of the mechanical adhesion of N-cadherin led to inhibition of the polarity intensity and polarity angle distribution of PI3K and pMLC proteins in the contact group. Furthermore, inhibition of the mechanical adhesion of N-cadherin caused weakened polarity intensity of integrin β1, reducing the proportion of cells with polarity angles between integrin β1 and β-catenin concentrating in the range of 135° to 180°. Additionally, intracellular forces influenced the polar distribution of PI3K and pMLC proteins. Reducing intracellular forces weakened the polarity intensity of PI3K and pMLC proteins and their polarity distribution, while increasing intracellular forces enhanced the polarity intensity of PI3K and pMLC proteins and their polarity distribution., Conclusion: Integrin and N-cadherin co-regulate the polarity distribution of cell proteins and N-cadherin can play an important role in the polarity regulation of stem cells through local inhibition of integrin., Competing Interests: 利益冲突　所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突, (© 2024《四川大学学报（医学版）》编辑部 版权所有Copyright ©2024 Editorial Board of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Sciences).)

Objective: To explore the application effect of intelligent health education based on the health belief model on patients with postoperative kinesophobia after surgical treatment of cervical spondylosis., Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted with patients who underwent anterior cervical discectomy, decompression, and fusion surgery with a single central nerve and spine center, and who had postoperative kinesophobia, ie, fear of movement. The patients made voluntary decisions concerning whether they would receive the intervention of intelligent health education. The patients were divided into a control group and an intelligent education group and the intervention started on the second day after the surgery. The intelligent education group received intelligent education starting from the second day after surgery through a WeChat widget that used the health belief model as the theoretical framework. The intelligent health education program was designed according to the concept of patient problems, needs, guidance, practice, and feedbacks. It incorporated four modules, including knowledge, intelligent exercise, overcoming obstacles, and sharing and interaction. It had such functions as reminders, fun exercise, shadowing exercise, monitoring, and documentation. Health education for the control group also started on the second day after surgery and was conducted by a method of brochures of pictures and text and WeChat group reminder messages. The participants were surveyed before discharge and 3 months after their surgery. The primary outcome measure compared between the two groups was the degree of kinesophobia. Secondary outcome measures included differences in adherence to functional exercise (Functional Exercise Adherence Scale), pain level (Visual Analogue Scale score), degree of cervical functional impairment (Cervical Disability Index), and quality of life (primarily assessed by the Quality of Life Short Form 12 [SF-12] scale for psychological and physiological health scores)., Results: A total of 112 patients were enrolled and 108 patients completed follow-up. Eventually, there were 53 cases in the intelligent education group and 55 cases in the control group. None of the patients experienced any sports-related injuries. There was no statistically significant difference in the primary and secondary outcome measures between the two groups at the time of discharge. At the 3-month follow-up after the surgery, the level of kinesophobia in the intelligent education group (25.72±3.90) was lower than that in the control group (29.67±6.16), and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( P <0.05). In the intelligent education group, the degree of pain (expressed in the median [25th percentile, 75th percentile]) was lower than that of the control group (0 [0, 0] vs. 1 [1, 2], P <0.05), the functional exercise adherence was better than that of the control group (63.87±7.26 vs. 57.73±8.07, P <0.05), the psychological health was better than that of the control group (40.78±3.98 vs. 47.78±1.84, P <0.05), and the physical health was better than that of the control group (43.16±4.41 vs. 46.30±3.80, P <0.05), with all the differences being statistically significant. There was no statistically significant difference in the degree of cervical functional impairment between the two groups (1 [1, 2] vs. 3 [2, 7], P >0.05)., Conclusion: Intelligent health education based on the health belief model can help reduce the degree of kinesophobia in patients with postoperative kinesophobia after surgical treatment of cervical spondylosis and improve patient prognosis., Competing Interests: 利益冲突　所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突, (© 2024《四川大学学报（医学版）》编辑部 版权所有Copyright ©2024 Editorial Board of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Sciences).)

As an important supplementary approach to randomized controlled trial, process evaluation(PE) aims to evaluate implementation of complex intervention and contextual factors associated with variation in outcomes, in order to explain the observed results in a comprehensive manner. However, PE has not been well applied in the clinical research of acupuncture. Based on existing literature, this paper summarized the main methodological frameworks of PE, as well as the status-quo of its application in acupuncture research. Meanwhile, it explored the research perspectives and implementation factors that were potentially relevant to PE in parallel with acupuncture trials. In addition, the paper put forward preliminary considerations on key contents corresponding to each step during the development of PE for acupuncture trials, in order to provide useful reference and innovative pathway for future studies that strive for comprehensive evaluation of acupuncture's effect.

Objective: To explore the clinical characteristics and genetic basis for a child with global developmental delay and autism., Methods: A child who had presented at West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University on April 13, 2021 was selected as the study subject. Clinical manifestations, laboratory examination and result of genetic testing were analyzed., Results: The main symptoms of the child had included cognitive, language and motor delay, autism and epilepsy. Electroencephalogram revealed multiple focal discharges in both waking and sleeping stages, with the remarkable one seen at the sleeping stage. Cranial MRI showed pachygyria and local cortical thickening, Whole exome sequencing (WES) revealed that the child has harbored a heterozygous c.1589&#95;1595dup (p.Gly533Leufs*143) frameshifting variant in the TBR1 gene (OMIM 604616). Based on the guidelines from the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics, the variant was predicted to be likely pathogenic (PS2+PVS1&#95;Supporting+PM2&#95;Supporting). After treated with levetiracetam and rehabilitation training, the child did not have seizure in the past 5 months, and his motor development has also significantly improved., Conclusion: The c.1589&#95;1595dup variant of the TBR1 gene probably underlay the disease in this patient.

The global occurrences of lake eutrophication have led to algal bloom and the subsequent algal decomposition, releasing high amounts of algae-derived dissolved organic matter (DOM) into the lake water. Algae-derived DOM could regulate the quantity and composition of DOM in lake water and further impact the biogeochemical cycles of multiple elements. In this study, the dynamic changes in the quantity and quality of DOM during algal decomposition under different eutrophic scenarios (e.g., from oligotrophication to severe eutrophication) were monitored, and the corresponding environmental effects (e.g., microbial responses and greenhouse gas emissions) caused by algal decomposition were further explored. The results showed that algal decomposition significantly increased the DOM levels, bioavailability, and intensities of fluorescent components in the water. The total DOM levels gradually decreased, whereas the average molecular weight increased along the decomposition process. Furthermore, unsaturated hydrocarbon and aliphatic compounds were preferentially utilized by microorganisms during algal decomposition, and some refractory molecules (e.g., lignin, condensed hydrocarbons, and tannin with high O/C values) were synchronously generated, as evidenced by the results from ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry. The dominant bacterial species during algal decomposition shifted from Proteobacteria (46%) to Bacteroidetes (42%). In addition, algae addition resulted in 1.2-5 times the emissions of CO 2 and CH 4 from water, and the emission rates could be well predicted by the optical index of a 254 in water. This study provides comprehensive perspectives for understanding the environmental behaviors of aquatic DOM and further paves the ways for the mitigation of lake eutrophication.

Objective: To investigate the therapeutic effect of high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) and non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) on patients with pulmonary edema caused by seawater drowning., Methods: A retrospective analysis method was used. Based on the Utstein database of emergency drowning in the First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, the clinical data of patients with seawater drowning pulmonary edema admitted to the emergency medicine department of the First Hospital of Qinhuangdao from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2022 were collected. The patients were divided into NPPV group and HFNC group according to different ventilation methods. The general data, endotracheal intubation rate in 7 days, arterial blood gas analysis indexes [arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO 2 ), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO 2 ), arterial oxygen saturation (SaO 2 )] and hemodynamic indexes (systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, blood lactic acid) before and after treatment, length of stay in intensive care unit (ICU), oxygen therapy comfort of the two groups were compared., Results: A total of 54 patients were enrolled, including 21 patients in the NPPV group and 33 patients in the HFNC group. There were no significant differences in gender, age, state of consciousness and other general information between the two groups. Compared with NPPV group, the rate of endotracheal intubation in HFNC group within 7 days was significantly lower [24.2% (8/33) vs. 33.3% (7/21), P < 0.05]. Before treatment, there were no significant differences in arterial blood gas analysis and hemodynamics between the two groups. After treatment, the above indexes in both groups were significantly improved compared with those before treatment, and PaO 2 , SaO 2 , systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure in HFNC group were significantly higher than those in NPPV group [PaO 2 (mmHg, 1 mmHg≈0.133kPa): 93.56±6.37 vs. 82.14±6.25, SaO 2 : 1.02±0.09 vs. 0.95±0.11, systolic blood pressure (mmHg): 117.37±8.43 vs. 110.42±8.38, diastolic blood pressure (mmHg): 79.43±7.61 vs. 72.21±4.32, mean arterial pressure (mmHg): 92.34±6.32 vs. 85.12±5.38], PaCO 2 , heart rate and blood lactic acid were significantly lower than those in NPPV group [PaCO 2 (mmHg) : 34.26±5.63 vs. 37.24±6.22, heart rate (times/min): 73.38±7.56 vs. 86.25±5.41, blood lactic acid (mmol/L): 1.38±0.36 vs. 2.25±1.14], and the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). In addition, the length of ICU stay in HFNC group was significantly shorter than that in NPPV group (days: 13.30±2.38 vs. 16.27±4.26), and the comfort rate of oxygen therapy was significantly higher than that in NPPV group [66.7% (22/33) vs. 42.8% (9/21)], with statistical significance (all P < 0.05)., Conclusions: HFNC can improve the oxygenation of patients with pulmonary edema caused by seawater drowning, improve hemodynamics, reduce the rate of tracheal intubation, shorten the length of ICU stay, and improve the comfort of oxygen therapy, which has certain clinical application value.

As a common medicinal and edible resource in China, Coicis Semen has a long history of cultivation and medicinal use. Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) clinically believes that Coicis Semen has the effect of strengthening the spleen and tonifying the lungs, clearing heat and dampness, removing pus and paralysis, and stopping diarrhea. Therefore, it is used to treat edema, foot odor, spleen deficiency, diarrhea, and other symptoms. The above effects are closely related to the active ingredients of Coicis Semen, such as esters, fatty acids, polysaccharides, proteins, as well as phenolic acids, sterols, flavonoids, lactams, triterpenes, alkaloids, and adenosine. Modern research has found that Coicis Semen also has anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, and hypotensive effects and other pharmacological activities, and it can improve immunity and regulate lipid metabolism. Coicis Semen is widely distributed in China, mainly produced in Guizhou, Yunnan, Fujian, Sichuan, and other places, and the quality of Coicis Semen from different origins varies. From ancient times to the present, Coicis Semen processing methods have experienced the process from simple to complex, and the types of auxiliary materials are more extensive, such as soil, bran, and river sand. These processing methods have been inherited from generation to generation. Nowadays, the commonly used methods are bran-fried, stir-fried, sand-fried, etc. In this paper, by reviewing the relevant literature in China and abroad in recent years, the main active ingredients and related pharmacological effects of Coicis Semen are sorted out, and the effects of different origins and processing methods on the chemical composition of Coicis Semen are summarized, with a view to providing references for the comprehensive development and utilization of Coicis Semen and the further study of its mechanism of action.

Objective: This study was to investigate the wideband acoustic immittance（WAI） characteristics of children with large vestibular aqueduct syndrome（LVAS） and to construct a diagnostic model for LVAS based on WAI and machine learning（ML） techniques. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of the data from 38 children（76 ears） with LVAS and 44 children（88 ears） with normal hearing. The data included conventional audiological examination, temporal bone CT scan and WAI test. We performed statistical analysis and developed multivariate diagnostic models based on different ML techniques. Results: The two groups were balanced in terms of ear, gender, and age（ P >0.05）. The wideband absorbance（WBA） of the LVAS group was significantly lower than that of the control group at 1 000-2 519 Hz, while the WBA of the LVAS group was significantly higher than that of the control group at 4 000-6 349 Hz（ P <0.05）. WBA at 5 039 Hz under ambient pressure had a certain diagnostic value（AUC=0.767）. The multivariate diagnostic model had a high diagnostic value（AUC>0.8）, among which the KNN model performed the best（AUC=0.961）. Conclusion: The WAI characteristics of children with LVAS are significantly different from those of normal children. The diagnostic model based on WAI and ML techniques has high accuracy and reliability, and provides new ideas and methods for intelligent diagnosis of LVAS., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Editorial Department of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery.)

Cardiovascular complications are the leading cause of death in diabetic patients. Among them, diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a type of specific cardiomyopathy excluding myocardial damage caused by hypertension and coronary heart disease. It is characterized by abnormal metabolism of cardiomyocytes and gradual decline of cardiac function. The clinical manifestations of DCM are impaired diastolic function in early stage and impaired systolic function in late stage. Eventually it developed into heart failure. Mitochondria are the main organelles that provide energy in cardiomyocytes. Mitochondrial dynamics refers to the dynamic process of mitochondrial fusion and fission, which is an important approach for mitochondrial quality control. Mitochondrial dynamics plays a crucial role in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis and cardiac function. The proteins that regulate mitochondrial fission are mainly Drp1 and its receptors, Fis1, MFF, MiD49 and MiD51. The protein that performs mitochondrial outer membrane fusion is Mfn1/2, and the inner membrane fusion protein is Opa1. This paper reviews recent progress on mitochondrial dynamics in DCM. The main contents are as follows: mitochondrial dynamics imbalance in both type 1 and 2 DCM is manifested as increased fission and inhibited fusion. The molecular mechanism of the former is mainly associated with up-regulated Drp1 and down-regulated Opa1, while the molecular mechanism of the latter is mainly associated with up-regulated Drp1 and down-regulated Mfn1/2. Increased mitochondrial fission and inhibited fusion can lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and promote the development of DCM. The active ingredients of the traditional Chinese medicine such as punicalagin, paeonol and endogenous substance melatonin can improve mitochondrial function and alleviate the symptoms of DCM by inhibiting mitochondrial fission or promoting mitochondrial fusion. This article is helpful to further understand the role and mechanism of mitochondrial dynamics in DCM, and provide new treatment methods and intervention strategies for clinical DCM patients based on mitochondrial dynamics.

Objectives: To observe the effects of interactive scalp acupuncture on upper limb motor function and activities of daily living in patients with upper limb motor dysfunction after stroke., Methods: One hundred and twenty patients with upper limb motor dysfunction after stroke were randomly divided into an observation group(60 cases, 2 cases dropped out)and a control group(60 cases, 1 case dropped out). Both groups were treated with routine medication and rehabilitation. The observation group was treated with interactive scalp acupuncture combined with suspension digital occupational therapy, interactive scalp acupuncture was applied at middle 2/5 of the parietal and temporal anterior oblique line, middle 2/5 of the parietal and temporal posterior oblique line and second lateral line of parietal of the hemiparalysis contralateral side, 30 min each time.The control group was treated with suspension digital occupational therapy alone. The treatment was given once a day, 5 times a week for 4 weeks in the two groups. The scores of Fugl-Meyer assessment scale of upper extremity(FMA-UE), action research arm test(ARAT), the modified Barthel index (MBI) and surface electromyography(sEMG)signal of the biceps and triceps on the affected side were observed before and after treatment in the two groups, and the clinical efficacy was evaluated., Results: After treatment, the FMA-UE, ARAT and MBI scores were increased compared with those before treatment in both groups( P <0.05), the changes of the observation group were greater than those in the control group( P <0.05). After treatment, the integrated electromyography(iEMG)value and root mean square(RMS)value of the biceps and triceps on the affected side during elbow flexion and extension were increased compared with those before treatment in both groups( P <0.05), the changes of the observation group were greater than those in the control group( P <0.05). The total effective rate was 94.8%(55/58) in the observation group, which was higher than 83.1%(49/59) in the control group( P <0.05)., Conclusions: Interactive scalp acupuncture could improve upper limb motor function and activities of daily living in patients with upper limb motor dysfunction after stroke.

Objective: To analyze the clinical features and genetic characteristics of a patient with Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS) due to compound heterozygous variants of SBDS gene., Methods: A female child with SDS who was admitted to the Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University in February 2022 was selected as the study subject. Clinical data of the child was collected. Peripheral blood samples of the child and her elder sister and parents were collected and subjected to whole exome sequencing (WES). Candidate variant was verified by Sanger sequencing., Results: The child, a 1-year-and-1-month-old girl, had mainly manifested with diarrhea, hematochezia, growth retardation and malnutrition, along with increased transaminases and decreased neutrophils and hemoglobin. Anteroposterior X-ray of her left wrist indicated significantly delayed bone age. Colonoscopy revealed that her colorectal mucosa was erosive with oily food residues attached to the intestinal lumen. Genetic testing revealed that she has harbored c.258+2T>C and c.100A>G compound heterozygous variants of the SBDS gene. The c.258+2T>C variant has derived from her father and known to be pathogenic, whilst the other has derived from her mother. Based on the guidelines from the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics, the c.100A>G variant was classified as likely pathogenic (PM1+PM2&#95;Supporting+PM3+PM5+PP3)., Conclusion: The compound heterozygous variants of c.258+2T>C and c.100A>G probably underlay the SDS in this child. For children with refractory diarrhea, liver damage and growth retardation, SDS should be suspected, and genetic testing can facilitate the diagnosis and treatment.

Based on the one-year observational data of volatile organic compounds （VOCs） in an urban area of Yuncheng in 2021， the concentration， composition， sources， and ozone-sensitive species of VOCs in four seasons were analyzed. The results showed that the average annual concentration of VOCs was （32.1 ±24.2）×10 -9 ， i.e.， at the national middle level. The seasonal concentrations of VOCs were in the order of： winter （46.3×10 -9 ）&gt; autumn （35.5×10 -9 ）&gt; spring （25.6×10 -9 ）&gt; summer （21.2×10 -9 ）. Alkanes and OVOCs were the most dominant VOCs compounds， accounting for 69.0%-80.4% of TVOCs in Yuncheng. Affected by changes in source emissions， the proportion of OVOCs was higher in spring and summer （41%-43%）， whereas the proportion of alkanes was higher in autumn and winter （42%-43%）. Vehicle exhaust， LPG/NG， industrial production， and combustion sources were identified as the main sources of VOCs in Yuncheng. The largest contributors in the four seasons were vehicle exhaust （28.5% in spring）， secondary + combustion sources （29.0% in summer）， LPG/NG sources （30.4% in autumn）， and coal combustion （27.3% in winter）. The ozone formation was located in the transitional regime in summer and in the VOC-limited regime in other seasons. Ozone production was more sensitive to alkenes （isoprene， ethylene， and propene）， OVOCs （acetaldehyde and propanal）， and aromatics （xylene， toluene， and benzene）. Winter was more sensitive to ethylene， and the other seasons were more sensitive to isoprene. The primary emission sources related to these sensitive species should be reduced to achieve the goal of air quality improvement.

The COVID-19 epidemic has spread to the whole world for three years and has had a serious impact on human life, health and economic activities. China's epidemic prevention and control has gone through the following stages: emergency unconventional stage, emergency normalization stage, and the transitional stage from the emergency normalization to the "Category B infectious disease treated as Category B" normalization, and achieved a major and decisive victory. The designated hospitals for prevention and control of COVID-19 epidemic in Tianjin has successfully completed its tasks in all stages of epidemic prevention and control, and has accumulated valuable experience. This article summarizes the experience of constructing a hospital infection prevention and control system during the "Category B infectious disease treated as Category A" period in designated hospital. The experience is summarized as the "Cluster" hospital infection prevention and control system, namely "three rings" outside, middle and inside, "three districts" of green, orange and red, "three things" before, during and after the event, "two-day pre-purification" and "two-director system", and "one zone" management. In emergency situations, we adopt a simplified version of the cluster hospital infection prevention and control system. In emergency situations, a simplified version of the "Cluster" hospital infection prevention and control system can be adopted. This system has the following characteristics: firstly, the system emphasizes the characteristics of "cluster" and the overall management of key measures to avoid any shortcomings. The second, it emphasizes the transformation of infection control concepts to maximize the safety of medical services through infection control. The third, it emphasizes the optimization of the process. The prevention and control measures should be comprehensive and focused, while also preventing excessive use. The measures emphasize the use of the least resources to achieve the best infection control effect. The fourth, it emphasizes the quality control work of infection control, pays attention to the importance of the process, and advocates the concept of "system slimming, process fattening". Fifthly, it emphasizes that the future development depends on artificial intelligence, in order to improve the quality and efficiency of prevention and control to the greatest extent. Sixth, hospitals need to strengthen continuous training and retraining. We utilize diverse training methods, including artificial intelligence, to ensure that infection control policies and procedures are simple. We have established an evaluation and feedback mechanism to ensure that medical personnel are in an emergency state at all times.

Objective: To explore the application value of dynamic monitoring of gastric residual volume (GRV) in achieving different target energy in severe mechanical ventilation patients., Methods: A prospective randomized controlled study was conducted. Forty-two patients with mechanical ventilation admitted to the department of critical care medicine of General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University from July to December 2022 were enrolled. According to the random number table method, patients were divided into GRV guided enteral nutrition by traditional gastric juice pumpback method (control group, 22 patients) and GRV guided enteral nutrition by bedside ultrasound (test group, 20 patients). General data were collected from both groups, and clinical indicators such as hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), neutrophil percentage (Neut%), procalcitonin (PCT), absolute lymphocytes (LYM), prealbumin (PA), and retinol-binding protein (RBP) were dynamically observed. Inflammation, infection, immunity, nutritional indicators, and the incidence of reflux/aspiration, ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) were compared between the two groups, and further compared the proportion of patients with respectively to reach the target energy 25%, 50%, and 70% on days 1, 3, and 5 of initiated enteral nutrition., Results: (1) There were no significant differences in gender, age, body mass index (BMI), duration of mechanical ventilation, and acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II), sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA), severe nutritional risk score (NUTRIC) at admission between the two groups, indicating comparability. (2) On day 1 of initiated enteral nutrition, there were no significant differences in infection, inflammation, immunity and nutrition indicators between the two groups. On day 3 of initiated enteral nutrition, the hs-CRP in the test group was lower than that control group, LYM and PA were higher than those control group [hs-CRP (mg/L): 129.60±75.18 vs. 185.20±63.74, LYM: 1.00±0.84 vs. 0.60±0.41, PA (mg/L): 27.30±3.66 vs. 22.30±2.55, all P < 0.05]. On day 5 of initiated enteral nutrition, the hs-CRP, Neut%, PCT in the test group were lower than those control group, LYM and PA were higher than those control group [hs-CRP (mg/L): 101.70±54.32 vs. 148.40±36.35, Neut%: (85.50±7.66)% vs. (92.90±6.01)%, PCT (μg/L): 0.7 (0.3, 2.7) vs. 3.6 (1.2, 7.5), LYM: 1.00±0.68 vs. 0.50±0.38, PA (mg/L): 27.10±4.57 vs. 20.80 ± 3.51, all P < 0.05]. There were no significantly differences in IL-6 and RBP between the two groups at different time points. (3) The proportion of 50% and 70% of achieved target energy in the test group on day 3, day 5 of initiated enteral nutrition were higher than those of the control group (70.0% vs. 36.4%, 70.0% vs. 36.4%, both P < 0.05). (4) The incidence of reflux/aspiration and VAP in the test group on day 5 of initiated enteral nutrition were significantly lower than those control group (incidence of reflux/aspiration: 5.0% vs. 28.6%, incidence of VAP: 10.0% vs. 36.4%, both P < 0.05)., Conclusions: Dynamic monitoring of GRV by bedside ultrasound can accurately improve the proportion of 50% of achieved target energy on day 3 and 75% on day 5 in severe mechanical ventilation patients, improve the patient's inflammation, immune and nutritional status, and can prevent the occurrence of reflux/aspiration and VAP.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy and prognosis of chemotherapy regimen containing Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor in the treatment of relapsed/refractory mantle cell lymphoma (R/R MCL)., Methods: The clinical data of 134 patients with R/R MCL were collected and analyzed retrospectively. The clinical characteristics of patients and effect of chemotherapy regimen on efficacy, overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were observed., Results: The median age of the patients was 58(56-61) years old, and male to female ratio was about 2.9∶1. Patients with Ann Arbor stage III-IV accounted for 77.6%, extranodal involvement > 2 for 43.3%, bone marrow involvement for 60.4%, gastrointestinal involvement for 24.6%, and hepatosplenomegaly for 38.1%. The median follow-up time was 30 (2-103) months, overall response rate (ORR) was 41.8%, 3-year PFS was not reached, and 3-year and 5-year OS rate was 62.7% and 53.8%, respectively. The ORR of BTK inhibitor group was 56.9%, which was higher than 32.5% of non-BTK inhibitor group ( P =0.006). The difference was statistically significant in PFS between the two groups ( P =0.002), but was not in OS (P>0.05). The difference was statistically significant in OS between classical and special morphology ( P < 0.001), but was not in PFS ( P >0.05). Ki-67 was an influencing factor for OS and PFS. Multivariate analysis showed that Ki-67, B symptoms, MIPI score, and Ann Arbor stage were independent prognostic factors affecting patients' OS. The second-line treatment regimen was an independent prognostic factor affecting patients' PFS., Conclusions: The chemotherapy regimen containing BTK inhibitors can effectively improve the efficacy and prolong the PFS of R/R MCL patients. Ki-67, B symptoms, MIPI score, and Ann Arbor stage are independent prognostic factors for R/R MCL patients.

Objective To analyze the current situation of dietary diversity and caregiver self-efficacy for complementary feeding among infants and young children aged 6 to 23 months in rural Nanchong city,Sichuan province,and to explore the relationship between dietary diversity and caregiver self-efficacy. Methods Multi-stage randomized cluster sampling method was used to select infants and young children aged 6 to 23 months and their caregivers in rural areas of Nanchong city,Sichuan province as the subjects.A structured questionnaire was designed to collect the basic information of the subjects,dietary diversity,and caregiver self-efficacy for complementary feeding.Multivariate Logistic regression was adopted to analyze the relationship between the dietary diversity and caregiver self-efficacy for complementary feeding of infants and young children. Results A total of 770 pairs of infants and young children and their caregivers were included.The minimum pass rate of dietary diversity was 61.56%(474/770) for all the infants and young children and 45.00%(108/240),69.16%(287/415),and 68.70%(79/115) for the infants and young children aged 6 to 11,12 to 17,and 18 to 23 months,respectively.The results of regression analysis showed that the caregiver self-efficacy of complementary feeding was a contributing factor for qualified dietary diversity of infants and young children in the case of other confounders being controlled( OR =1.42,95% CI =1.17-1.73, P <0.001). Conclusion The dietary diversity for infants and young children in rural Nanchong city,Sichuan province needs to be improved,and caregivers with higher self-efficacy of complementary feeding are more likely to provide diversified complementary feeding for infants and young children.