Search

Direct yaw moment control (DYC) system is used to effectively prevent the vehicle from moving sideways in the event of unexpected dangers in order to ensure stability and safety of automobile driving. The currently DYC systems are mostly in a hierarchical structure. This paper starts with an analysis on the DYC system's architecture from three perspectives: automobile state estimation and environmental perception, direct yaw moment controller design and moment distribution method. The focus then shifts to the acquisition and processing methods of state information, such as automobile speed, vehicle-to-vehicle spacing, road surface information, yaw rate, vehicle centroid sideslip angle. It also presents a reference model for vehicle dynamics, control structure and design methods for controlling different variables as the upper-level controllers; the distribution method of vehicle yaw moment in the lower-level controller are then presented. It is concluded with summary on some existing issues in the DYC systems and their future development trends.

In order to understand the quality differences of Yunnan large leaf sun-dried green tea at different altitudes, the sensory evaluation, high performance liquid chromatography, simultaneous distillation extraction/gas chromatography -mass spectrometry combined with principal component analysis, orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis and other techniques and methods were used to compare the sensory quality, major biochemical components and volatile components of Yunnan large leaf sun-dried green tea at different altitudes in Wuliang Mountain. The results showed that the soup color of sun-dried green tea (HI) from 1400 m to 1 800 m was lighter and brighter; the astringency of sun-blue tea (H2) from 1 800 m to 2 000 m was reduced and the umami taste was enhanced. The main biochemical and volatile components of H1 and H2 were significantly different; the contents of water extract, tea polyphenols, total catechins, gallic acid, phenol to ammonia ratio, GCG, ECG of HI were significantly higher than those in H2; the contents of free amino acids, theanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, lysine, isoleucine and phenylalanine were significantly lower than those in H2. In addition, there were 17 volatile components in HI and H2 with significant differences, namely, n-decanoic acid, chlorophyll alcohol, nonanal, trans-2-hexenal, heptanal, ethyl caproate, dehydrolinalool, di-isobutyl phthalate, 1-hexanol, trans -nerolidol, farnesyl acetone, damascenone, geraniol, 4-methyl 3-penten-2-one, methyl linolenate, di-n-butyl phthalate, and nerolidol. This study will provide some reference value for the research on the effect of altitude on tea quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the therapeutic effects and mechanism of glycyrrhizic acid (GA) on airway inflammation in a murine model of asthma., Methods: A total of 70 female BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 14 each) of control, asthmatic and three treatments with low, medium and high doses of GA. Mice in the asthmatic and the treatment groups were sensitized and challenged by ovalbumin (OVA). Mice of the treatment groups were injected intraperitoneally with GA (25, 50, 100 mg/kg) 30 min before each OVA challenge. The control mice received an aerosol inhalation of normal saline instead of OVA. Within 24 hours after the last OVA challenge, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected for counting total cells and eosinophils (Eos) in other 8 mice in each group. Interleukin (IL)-12p70, IL-10, IL-4 and interferon gamma (IFN-γ ) were measured in BALF by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Histological studies of lung were conducted with hematoxylin and eosin staining (HE) and the expressions of CD86, major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-II, CD40, OX40 ligand (OX40L) on CD11c(+) dendritic cells (DCs) in spleens were evaluated with flow cytometry (FCM)., Results: Compared with the control group, the number of total cells and eosinophils was higher in BALF in asthmatic group ((124.3 ± 39.7)×10(7)/L, (26.3 ± 17.2)×10(7)/L vs (55.3 ± 22.8)×10(7)/L, (0.6 ± 0.4) ×10(7)/L), the expressions of IL-10 and IL-4 increased ((49 ± 12, 169 ± 29) ng/L vs (34 ± 4, 89 ± 37) ng/L) and the levels of IFN-γ and IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio decreased in BALF ((122 ± 56 ) ng/L, (0.7 ± 0.4) vs (89 ± 37) ng/L, 2.9 ± 0.8)), the expressions of CD86, MHC-II, CD40, OX40L on CD11c(+) DCs increased in spleens ((38.4 ± 15.7)%, (90.4 ± 3.4)%, (25.4 ± 10.2)%, (29.6 ± 9.9)% vs (18.8 ± 4.4)%, (73.1 ± 11.3)%, (3.8 ± 2.2)%, (5.0 ± 1.6)%) (all P < 0.05). Compared with the asthmatic group, total cell counts and the eosinophil numbers significantly decreased by the treatment of GA at a dose of 100 mg/kg ( (62.1 ± 21.7)×10(7)/L, (2.2 ± 1.7)×10(7)/L), the levels of IL-12p70, IL-10, IFN-γ and the ratio of IFN-γ/IL-4 increased ((44 ± 14, 132 ± 13, 208 ± 66) ng/L, (1.8 ± 0.6)) and the level IL-4 decreased (122 ± 38) ng/L. The expressions of MHC-II, CD40, OX40L on CD11c(+) DCs decreased ((75.8 ± 15.9)%, (11.1 ± 5.9)%, (11.8 ± 3.4)%)) (all P < 0.05). The asthmatic mice induced an infiltration of inflammatory cells around airways and blood vessels. Administration of GA significantly reduced the infiltration of inflammatory cells in peribronchial areas compared with asthmatic mice especially at a dose of 50 mg/kg 100 mg/kg., Conclusion: GA effectively ameliorates the airway inflammation of asthma via inhibiting the Th2 responses though modulating the expressions of CD86, MHC-II, CD40, OX40L on CD11c(+) DCs.