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Sugars will eventually be exported transporter (SWEET) is a novel class of sugars transporter families which mainly mediate either sucrose or hexose translocation bidirectional across the cellular membranesfollowinga concentrating gradient with a passive diffusion patten. In higher plants, SWEET proteins commonly have seven transmembrane domains that form a pore in the membrane to allow the passage of sugars, containing two MtN3/Saliva domains. Phylogenetically, plant SWEETs are divided into four clades. SWEET transporters play important roles in diverse physiological and biochemical processes including phloem loading, plant hormone transportand vegetative growth. In this review, based on the current advance of the plant SWEET transporters, we summarized their discovery, structure characteristicsand biological functions, and pointed out current research problems. Finally,put forward several better future research directions and potential solutions for SWEET sugar transporters in plant from the following three aspects: 1) exploring the molecular mechanism of substrate recognition and selectivity of SWEET proteins; 2) mining and utilizing of key SWEET genes increasing crop yield and improving quality; 3) using gene editing technology and phosphorylation of SWEET transporters to engineer high-yielding and high-quality crops.

The effects of different cooking methods (raw, microwave, steaming and frying) on the volatile components of Ctenopharyngodon idella were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, electronic nose technique and sensory evaluation. The results of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry showed that 78 volatiles were detected in 4 cooking methods, mainly olefin, alkanes, aldehydes, esters and other volatile compounds, and the number and content of components in frying methods were higher than those in other processing groups. The electronic nose and principal component analysis showed that, compared with raw fish, the volatiles of fish was closer between steaming and microwave, and fried one had a greater effect on the volatiles. The results of sensory evaluation showed that the fish smell in four treatments all had a certain fishy and grassy taste, but the fried one was mainly manifested in burnt and greasy taste. In addition, the special volatile compounds such as trans, trans-2,4-decenal, 2-furanaldehyde and 2-amyl furan produced during frying give the smell of roast meat, which could cover the off-odor such as fishy and grassy. In summary, the volatiles of Ctenopharyngodon idella were mainly aldehydes and esters, and compared with raw fish, frying had the greatest impact on the volatile components, which could better reduce the fishy off-flavor, the results would provide a theoretical basis for the development of deep processing technology for Ctenopharyngodon idella meat.

Coal-water slurry gasification is one of advanced coal gasification technologies. The improvement on the efficiency of coal-water slurry gasification is helpful to promote the clean and efficient utilization of coal. Coal-water slurry preheating technology is considered as one of the key technologies to improve the energy utilization efficiency of coal gasification. At present, the variation pattern and intrinsic mechanism of thermal conductivity of complex liquid-solid suspensions are still not fully understood. The thermal conductivity is an important basic parameter of the medium flow heat transfer, characterizing its thermal conductivity in the steady-state thermal conductivity process. The transient hot wire method is used to measure the thermal conductivity of the same concentration coal-water slurry at different temperatures. The experimental results show that the higher the temperature, the higher the thermal conductivity. The thermal conductivity of coal-water slurry is determined at different mass concentrations with a room temperature. The experimental results show that it can be divided into two stages: the mass concentration increases from 51% to 58% in a drop zone, and the thermal conductivity decreases rapidly, its value decreases from 0.401 W/(m·K) to 0.358 W/(m·K); and the mass concentration continues to increase from 58% to 67% in a constant zone, and the thermal conductivity basically remains at 0.358 W/(m·K). Based on the experimental results, the parallel prediction model of thermal conductivity of coal-water slurry with coal particle-bonded water composite is proposed by considering the parallel model, Maxwell model, generalized self-consistent model and other composite models. The water in coal-water slurry contains free water and bound water, and the bound water will form a coal particle-bound water composite phase with coal particles, and the coal-water slurry is regarded as a two-phase composite composed of the composite phase and the free water phase. In the drop zone, with the increase of coal particle concentration, the free water phase decreases, the composite phase remains basically unchanged, and the thermal conductivity of coal-water slurry decreases rapidly. In the constant zone, the amount of bound water in the composite phase decreases with further increase in coal particle concentration, but the thermal conductivity of the composite phase remains basically stable. The model prediction results agree well with the experimental data.

ObjectivesThe tunnel catamaran is a special type of planing craft with two planing bodies connected in the middle channel. The central channel is lifted by a cyclone which can lift the hull off the surface of the water to achieve a higher speed. It has good rapidity and can quickly enter a stable state during high-speed navigation. The parametric design and resistance performance estimation of a high-speed planing tunnel catamaran play important roles in the development and design of catamarans.MethodsThe parameterized configuration of the hull is carried out by defining the main lines of the planing tunnel catamaran hull with a clamped B-spline curve. The influence of the channel size and deadrise angle of the catamaran on its hull resistance performance is then studied by setting multiple hull designs in STAR-CCM+.ResultsAn optimized hull design is obtained with 17.3% resistance reduction compared with the original.ConclusionsCompared with a planing hull of the same scale and displacement, this study proves that a high-speed planing tunnel catamaran has superior sailing performance under medium and high-speed working conditions.

This study focuses on a comprehensive analysis of landslide research literature over the past 30 years, utilizing bibliometrics and knowledge mapping technology. The research objects consisted of 17 680 Chinese landslide literature articles (1992−2021) obtained from the CNKI database and 11 350 English landslide literature articles (2016−2021) retrieved from the SCI database. By employing bibliometrics and knowledge mapping visualization techniques, this paper examines the development of landslide research in China, the contributions of Chinese scholars to international landslide research, and conducts a comparative analysis of Chinese and English literature. The results indicate that: (1) stability has been a consistent focus of landslide research in China, continuously expanding and evolving with the development of landslide research methods, subjects, triggering factors, and disaster prevention and mitigation demands. (2) Major geo-hazard events with well-defined occurrence times tend to become research hotspots for a certain period. (3) China holds a dominant position in international landslide research, accounting for 23.34% of the total publication output, with the top four research institutions in terms of publication output originating from China. (4) In the context of climate change, integrating remote sensing with machine learning and depth learning methods，the research hotspots in landslide studies encompass early identification, prediction, and early warning of geo-hazards, the mechanisms underlying typical geo-hazards, marine geo-hazards, reactivation of ancient landslides in mountain and canyon areas, as well as high-speed and long-distance chain geo-hazards. The research results provide an objective overview of the development of landslide research in China and the global landscape, offering valuable insights for advancing landslide hazard prevention and control technologies in China.

Traditional optical spatial modulation techniques all rely on the premise that the system receiving end can obtain accurate channel state information.The optical differential spatial modulation (ODSM) system effectively avoids complex channel estimation, but related research only analyzes the system performance under a single turbulent state, and ignores the effects of factors such as pointing errors and path loss in actual free space optical communication systems.Therefore, the Málaga turbulence channel, which could characterize all atmospheric turbulence states, was used to derive the upper bound expression and diversity order of the bit error rate of the ODSM system under the atmospheric joint effect such as turbulence, pointing error, and path loss.The analysis results show that compared with other optical spatial modulation schemes, the ODSM system avoids complex channel estimation, making the system no longer affected by channel estimation errors, thus possessing higher anti-interference and stability.The bit error rate performance of the ODSM system decreases as the intensity of turbulence and pointing error increase.By optimizing parameters such as the number of optical antennas, the number of photodetectors, and the modulation signal order, the bit error rate performance of the ODSM system can be further improved.

On the southeastern margin of the Ordos Basin, the mineral composition of marine-continent transitional facies deposits is complex. The shale, sandstone, coal, and related lithofacies frequently interact, and the lithology changes rapidly in the vertical direction. Due to the low resolution of conventional logging method and borehole enlargement which is a common while drilling, the commonly used methods for identification of lithology including high-quality shale which is prevailing in marine shale gas evaluation are less effective for the study area. First, deconvolution technology was used to improve the resolution of natural gamma rays, gamma rays without uranium and uranium logging curves. Then, a log cross-plot was used to identify the lithology including shale of marine-continent transitional facies, and the uranium-spontaneous potential curve overlap method was proposed to identify high-quality shale from marine-continent transitional facies. The results show that the deconvolution method can effectively improve the vertical resolution of natural gamma rays, gamma rays without uranium and uranium logging curves. The cross-plot of natural gamma-density logging data has a better effect on identifying the lithology of the marine-continent transitional facies, and the cross-plot of uranium logging data and gamma ray data without uranium can further identify three types of shale lithofacies (calcareous siliceous shale, siliceous clay shale and clay shale). In the marine-continent transitional facies, the newly proposed uranium-spontanous potential overlap method is better than the traditional ΔlogR method inidentifying high-quality shale. This research can provide theoretical support for reservoir evaluation of marine-continent transitional shale gas and improve the accuracy of high-quality shale identification.

Objective To evaluate the interference of anti-CD47 monoclonal antibody on transfusion compatibility detection, in order to establish methods for removing interference and evaluate its efficacy. Methods Blood samples from 8 patients in our clinical trial who were treated with anti-CD47 monoclonal antibody from Tianjing and Xinda were collected. ABO and Rh blood group antigen identification, direct anti-human globulin test, unexpected antibody screening test and cross-matching test were performed by ZZAP, Gamma-clone(an anti-globulin reagent lacking IgG4) and Immucor Capture-R solid phase agglutination kit. Results ABO blood group identification of 5 subjects were interfered after treatment with anti-CD47 monoclonal antibody. All 8 subjects showed 2+ to 4+ agglutination intensity on direct anti-human globulin test and 3+ to 4+ on unexpected antibody screening. The results of unexpected antibody screening by Gamma-clone and Immucor Capture-R solid phase agglutination kit were all negative, while the cross-matching test were compatible. Patients with anemia caused by CD47 monoclonal antibody treatment were transfused with 2 U suspension red blood cells, and the evaluation showed that the transfusion was effective. Conclusion The CD47 monoclonal antibody can interfere with transfusion compatibility detection, and the use of antiglobulin reagents lacking IgG4 and Immucor Capture-R solid phase agglutination kit can remove the interference, with good transfusion efficacy in patients.

Aiming at the problems of space resource waste and error bit performance limitation caused by fixed optical antenna combination set used in traditional optical generalized spatial modulation (OGSM), an improved scheme based on low complexity adaptive optical antenna combination set selection algorithm was proposed.First, the Euclidean distance matrix between optical antenna combinations was calculated using channel state information.Then, based on the principle of Euclidean distance equivalence and the idea of maximum norm antenna selection, the optical antenna combination with poor channel state was deleted, and the final reserved optical antenna combination was the optimal optical antenna combination set in the current state.The traversal of all optical antenna combinations was avoided and the complexity of the algorithm was reduced to a large extent.The simulation results show that the BER performance of the improved OGSM scheme outperforms the conventional OGSM under different conditions.

Road traffic accidents (RTA) can cause a large number of casualties and property losses. Driving fatigue is one of the important factors leading to RTA. Electrophysiological signals, as a kind of information feedback for the nervous system to regulate body functions, can reflect drivers’ fatigue state. However, there is a lack of systematic reviews on the current research on electrophysiological signals as information input of machine learning methods for driving fatigue recognition. By investigating fatigue-related literature, the current paper summarized the neural regulation mechanism of fatigue, clarified that driving fatigue is caused by both psychological and physiological loads, recognized inducing factors related to driving fatigue, and summed up electrophysiological signals now in use of driving fatigue recognition, as well as their physiological mechanisms and related indicators. Machine learning algorithms are widely used in identifying driving fatigue. Based on existing studies that used electrophysiological signals as information input source and applied various machine learning algorithms to build driving fatigue identification models, this paper compared the effectiveness of various machine learning algorithms, and described the advantages and disadvantages of supervised machine learning. It is pointed out that suitable classification algorithms should be selected according to sample conditions and model eigenvalues when applied to driving fatigue recognition. In addition, a variety of electrophysiological signals as information sources can help improve the accuracy of a fatigue recognition model, but the increase of model input eigenvalues cannot. Finally, the research progress of identification methods based on electrophysiological signals provided new opportunities for identifying driving fatigue.

Quadruped bionic robots are favored by development experts because of their broad application prospects, such as interstellar exploration, educational companionship, and social inspections. Quadruped robots were developed and inspired by mammals, which are known to exist in most areas on the earth's land surface. However, quadruped robots cannot achieve such an ideal state due to various reasons. At present, the adaptive problem of quadruped robots under a complex and changeable terrain has made significant progress, as reported in related literature. However, the case of robots that are as flexible as mammals in nature and meet the needs of multi-functional and multi-scenarios are still poorly understood. A quadruped robot is prone to posture instability when dynamically traveling in a ground environment with variable rigidity. This work proposes a real-time adjustment strategy of the active variable stiffness of the legs. This strategy estimates the landing in real time based on the motion state of the fuselage and legs after the robot touches the ground. The coupling stiffness of the legs and the ground and the difference between the coupling stiffness of the front and rear legs and the ground is compensated to the corresponding landing legs. This enables the robot to quickly adapt to the ground with different stiffness characteristics after landing, especially when the ground stiffness differs greatly. The Simulink-SimMechanics simulation platform is established with the diagonal legs on the same stiffness ground and on different ground environments with variable stiffness. The active leg stiffness adjustment strategy combined with conventional attitude feedback control is tested, and results are compared with those using only a conventional attitude feedback control. Results show that through the active variable stiffness of the legs, the quadruped robot realizes the compensation and correction of the pitch and roll angle of the fuselage during the transition between soft and hard ground. Moreover, the control effect is better than that of the conventional attitude feedback control alone.

The Three Gorges Reservoir is located in the transition zone of the second and third terrains in China. Taking the Longjing landslide in Chongqing as an example, this paper analyzes in detail the deformation characteristics, formation mechanism and failure pattern of the oblique bedding slope, and calculates the stability of the slope under four working conditions by using the limit equilibrium method. The results show that: (1) Longjing landslide is located in the northwest wing of the syncline of the stone pillar of the Yangtze platform, with a volume of 142.83×104 m3 and the main sliding direction of 162°. (2) Under the influence of topographical features, stratigraphic structure, groundwater, rainfall and other factors, the slope is currently in the stage of creep deformation. The deformation pattern are mainly tensile fractures, shear fractures and local bulging deformation. (3) The slope is under the sliding conditions of rainstorm and leading secondary landslide at the same time, and its stability factor is 1.03, so it is in an under-stable state. The slope is prone to overall sliding failure along the weak intercalated layer.

B2B business model in 5G era will become the main competition area for operators.Opportunities come along with challenges from investment,market and technology such as huge construction expenditure,fragmented market and difficulties of industry integration.Research on B2B operation cases of domestic and foreign operators and internet giants in the post 4G and 5G era had been done,from which “communication +” service model,industry coordinator model and platform model were investigated especially.Finally,three B2B operations models of domestic operators were proposed.

Background and objective Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma, an uncommon epithelial tumor, is mostly originated form the nasopharynx and also occurs in foregut-derived organs, such as lung, stomach, salivary gland, and thymus. Primary pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (PPLELC) is a rare subtype accounting for around 0.9% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We aimed to evaluate clinicopathological features, treatment modalities, and prognosis of PPLELC. Methods In the current study, a retrospective analysis on 8 patients diagnosed with PPLELC at Hunan Cancer Hospital between October 2013 and June 2016 was conducted with respect to their clinical characteristics and outcomes, in order to deeply investigate this rare subtype of lung cancer. Results In all 8 patients, 62.5% (5/8) were female, and the median age was 51.5 years (range 41 years-64 years). The majority (87.5%) were never smokers and 50.0% were asymptomatic at diagnosis. About 37.5% presented with stage I disease, 50.0% had stage III disease and 12.5% had stage IV disease. Histologically, the tumor morphology was indistinguishable from undifferentiated carcinoma of the nasopharynx and were characterized by poorly differentiated tumor cells with large vesicular nuclei and prominent nucleoli showing syncytial growth patterns and accompanied by heavy lymphocytic infiltration. The tumor cells were presented as positive for P63 (100.0%, 6/6), CK5/6 (100.0%, 5/5), CK (100.0%, 5/5). The expression of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in 8 patients was detected. When membranous staining was present in ≥5% of the cells, it was defined as PD-L1 positive. The PD-L1 expression frequency was 50.0% (4/8), and the tumor proportion score (TPS) fluctuated between 20.0% and 70.0%. Epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) mutations were detected in 3 cases and all tested samples were wild type; moreover, ALK rearrangement was negative in 2 patients with available data. KRAS, B-raf, C-kit, HER2, VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 were detected in 1 case. The results showed that KRAS was wild type, B-raf and C-kit mutation was negative, and HER2, VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 were moderately expressed. All patients underwent surgery with or without adjuvant therapy. Among these patients, 5 patients received adjuvant chemotherapy, including 2 patients with stage Ib disease, 2 patients with stage IIIa disease and 1 patient with stage IV disease. 1 patient with stage IIIa disease received adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy and 1 patient with stage IIIa disease received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. All patients survived until the deadline for follow-up. The median survival time of all LELC patients is 57 months. The 3- and 5-year overall survival (OS) rates of LELC patients were 87.5% and 50.0%, disease-free survival (DFS) rates were 87.5% and 50.0%, respectively. Conclusion PPLELC is uncommon but distinct subtype of NSCLC with unique clinicopathologic characteristics that tends to affect young nonsmoking patients, without significant predilection for sex and with strong association with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. Histology and immunohistochemistry are the main diagnostic methods. Rare or no driver gene mutations were found in the common oncogenes such as EGFR mutations and ALK gene rearrangement, implying that the mutagenesis of these genes was not involved in the tumorigenesis of PPLELC. PD-1 and PD-L1 may be potential therapeutic targets for PPLELC. The patients are diagnosed at an earlier stage and have a better prognosis than those with other non-small cell lung cancer. No standardized treatment regimens currently exist for this rare tumor. The mainstay of treatment for early-stage disease is curative surgical resection, whereas multimodality treatment (surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy) has been adopted in advanced or metastatic diseases. Due to its low incidence, further research is needed to determine its biological characteristics and optimal treatment options.

An anonymous communication system is an overlay network built on the application layer and combining various privacy protection technologies such as data forwarding,content encryption,and traffic obfuscation to hide communication relationships between entities and forwarded contents.However,there is a deficiency in the balance between performance and security as an anonymous communication system operating over an overlay network.With the advance of the future internet architectures,it is possible to build an infrastructure-based anonymous communication system.Such anonymous communication systems design anonymity as network infrastructure services and provide encryption operations for routers,which can solve the part problem of scalability and performance limitations of anonymous network.They can also be called network-layer anonymous communication protocols.The existing network-layer anonymous communication protocols (LAP,Dovetail,Hornet,PHI and Taranet) were studied.The classification standard of network-layer anonymous communication protocols were introduced.Its innovation point and specific encryption ideas were briefly described,and how to keep balance between security and performance was analyzed.The shortcomings and advantages of these kinds of network anonymous communication protocols were also pointed out.Finally,the challenges faced in the development of anonymous communication systems and the problems that need to be studied in depth were proposed.

Leveraging the advantages of software defined networking (SDN),a new anonymous communication solution was de-signed for recipient untraceability.An obfuscation scheme in SDN domain was proposed to build a hybrid anonymous channel to solve the problem of large and highly variable delays and download time when using existing anonymous com-munication system such as Tor.The hybrid anonymous channel concatenated two sender anonymous channels in Tor and SDN to provide both sender and receiver anonymity.Adversaries can trace smaller portions of the path in hybrid channel.Experimental results show that the hybrid channel is as anonymous as two connected Tor circuits,with only a small larger latency (15%) compared with Tor.

Based on the optimal control theory and taking the production law of reservoirs with strong natural aquifer as the basic constraint, a mathematical model of liquid production for such reservoirs in the later stage of development is established. The model is solved by improved simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation algorithm (SPSA), and an automatic optimization software for liquid production is developed. This model avoids the disadvantage of traditional optimization methods that only focus on the maximum value of mathematics but ignore the production law of oilfield. It has the advantages of high efficiency of calculation, short period and automatic optimization. It can satisfy the automatic optimization of liquid production in later stage of oilfield development. The software was applied in the oilfield development of D oilfield, Ecuador in South America, and realized the automatic optimization of liquid production in the later stage of oilfield development. Key words: reservoir with strong natural aquifer, liquid production optimization, optimal control theory, SPSA algorithm, South America, Ecuador

Objective To evaluate the correlation between subcortical nuclei volume and spatial navigation performance in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods Thirty MCI subjects and 28 healthy controls matched in gender, age and education were enrolled in this study, and all of them underwent 3.0T MRI scan and computer version spatial navigation test. The three-dimensional turbo fast echo (3D - TFE) T1WI structures were segmented by FreeSurfer 5.3.0 software. The volume of bilateral thalami, caudate nuclei, putamen, globus pallidi, hippocampi, amygdaloid bodies, nuclei accumbens septi and whole brain were calculated. Pearson correlation analysis was performed to investigate the correlation between spatial navigation performance and subcortical nuclei volume. Results MCI patients showed longer allocentric-egocentric virtual distance error (P = 0.034), egocentric virtual distance error (P = 0.004) and allocentric virtual distance error (P = 0.011) than control subjects, while the volume of bilateral thalami (P = 0.953, 0.250), caudate nuclei (P = 0.938, 0.672), putamen (P = 0.421, 0.912), globus pallidi (P = 0.446, 0.360), hippocampi (P = 0.545, 0.647), amygdaloid bodies (P = 0.565, 0.993), nuclei accumbens septi (P =0.271, 0.796) and whole brain (P = 0.567) showed no significant differences between 2 groups. Pearson correlation analysis showed allocentric-egocentric virtual distance error was negatively related to the volume of left globus pallidum (r = -0.284, P = 0.034) and left hippocampus (r = .0.265, P = 0.048), and allocentric virtual distance error was negatively related to the volume of left putamen (r = -0.305, P = 0.022) in MCI subjects. Conclusions There are correlations between spatial navigation performance and subcortical nuclei volume in MCI patients, and it is significant in further study of the mechanisms of human spatial navigation disturbance. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2017.05.009

To forecast some key parameters of produced liquid containing polymer, including the time of polymer output, polymer concentration, a polymer concentration prediction method based on interwell connectivity methodology was established, its prediction results were compared with those from numerical simulation software, and it has been used in a case study. On the basis of water flooding interwell connectivity model, a polymer flooding production performance prediction model considering the viscosity, concentration, adsorption and water-phase permeability reduction factor of polymer was built. Compared with the traditional numerical simulation, the pressure equations in this model have lower dimension, and it inverses the interwell conductivity and connected volume through automatic history matching, enhancing calculation speed and precision significantly. The calculation model was used to the history matching of a homogeous reservoir model with 1 injector and 4 producers, and the comparison of its results and the results from numerical simulation software shows the model is reliable and accurate. Moreover, sensitivity analysis of major model parameters reveals that the increase of water-phase permeability reduction factor, injected polymer concentration and pore volume injected and early polymer injection time can improve oil recovery. The real reservoir application shows the model can predict the change of produced polymer concentration of different development schemes accurately. Key words: interwell connectivity, produced polymer concentration, polymer flooding, calculation model

In order to study the optimal extraction process of crude polysaccharides from Pleurotus eryngii, with fresh fruiting of Pleurotus eryngii as raw material, the influence of extraction time, solid-liquid ratio, and temperature, etc. on the extraction efficiency is analyzed using the hot water extraction method. Box-behnken design(BBD) is used for response surface analysis, and the optimal condition is as follows: extraction temperature of 47 ℃, extraction time of 4.9 h and solid-liquid ratio of 1∶19 (g/mL). Among the factors,the heating temperature has the greatest influence on the extraction rate, then the material liquid ratio, and at last the extraction time. Under this condition, the extraction rate of crude polysaccharide from Pleurotus eryngii reaches the maximum of 5.66% which is close to the actual verification value. Therefore, the optimization of the extraction condition of crude polysaccharides from Pleurotus eryngii by using response surface method is reasonable and feasible, and it provides a theoretical basis for the industrial application of crude polysaccharide extraction from Pleurotus eryngii using hot water.

With advances in medical technology, theproportion of early-stage lung cancerhas been growing. Conforming to the trend of individualized treatment, sublobar resection for early stage lung cancer has been considered more valuable than ever before. Currently, there were still confilictions about the oncological validity of sublobar resection comparing with lobectomy for lung cancer. We reviewed the study status of the following contentious issues: the evidence based medicine, the indications of wedge resection or segmentectomy, the weight of tumor diameter and margin distance, and the choices for the elderly.

Abstract: In view of the limitations that the current connectivity model can only forecast the fluid production dynamic change, can't calculate the dynamics of oil and water phases, and can't analyze the connectivity between wells layer by layer, this study establishes a new interwell connectivity model for multilayer reservoirs which can simulate dynamics of oil and water between wells. The model hierarchically separates the reservoir system into a series of interwell connecting units characterized by parameters such as conductivity and control volume, and by using the material balance equation, the pressure and interwell flow at constant liquid production or constant pressure mode is calculated regarding the connecting unit as a simulation object, which are combined with the frontal advance theory to establish interwell saturation tracking calculation, and finally water production dynamics of every layer at well points can be worked out. On this basis, using simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation method and gradient projection method, a model parameter inversion method is set up by dynamic fitting. The application cases show that the model has good dynamic fitting and prediction effect, inversed model parameters coincide with the actual geological parameters, verifing the validity of the method. Compared with the current connectivity method, it can obtain the real-time model of hierarchical interwell flow rate distribution coefficient, liquid production of single well and oil split coefficient and other information, and reflect the reservoir horizontal and vertical oil-water flow relation more accurately, providing guidance for production measure adjustment in oilfield. Key words: multilayer reservoir, interwell conectivity, inversion model, interwell connecting unit, interwell flow rate distribution coefficient, oil split coefficient

Taking the cloud computing data center as the breakthrough point,firstly,the characteristics of overlay network,SDN controller and VxLAN in SDN field were presented.Secondly,two kinds of problems about general server performance and service chain were analyzed in NFV field.Finally,the early test progress of SDN/NFV technology and related conclusions were expounded,then VDC was discussed.

Background and objective Bone metastasis is common in lung cancer patients. The β isomer of the C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (β-CTX) and bone-specific alkaline phosphates (BAP) are regarded as important bone turnover markers in bone resorption and formation. Thus, the aims of this study are to determine the correlation of these bone turnover markers with the extent of bone metastasis of lung cancer. Methods A total of 92 patients with bone metastasis of lung cancer from Tianjin Union Medicine Center were enrolled in this study between July 2009 and July 2012. The bone metastasis lesion was diagnosed by ECT combined with X-ray and CT imaging. The bone turnover marker levels of β-CTX and BAP were measured by ELISA. Results Among the 92 patients, 58 cases had 3 bone-metastasis number than that in patients with less than 3 (P

Background and objective Cytokeratin-19 fragment (CYFRA21-1) is a soluble protein in serum, and may be a useful circulating tumor marker. The aim of this study is to investigate the diagnostic value of the peripheral blood CYFRA21-1 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods The levels of peripheral blood CYFRA21-1 were detected in 107 patients with NSCLC and 51 patients with benign pulmonary diseases by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, and ROC curve was used to analyse the results. Results Singificant difference of peripheral blood CYFRA21-1 levels was detected between the NSCLC group and benign pulmonary disease group (χ2=47.343, P < 0.001). At the threshold of 3.3 ng/mL, sensitivity and specificity of CYFRA21-1 as a serologic marker were 74.77% and 76.47%, respectively for any cancer. ROC curve showed that the under-curve area (AUC) of CYFRA21-1 was 0.813 9. There was no significant difference of CYFRA21-1 between subtypes of NSCLC (χ2=0.450, P=0.799). The peripheral blood CYFRA21-1 level was elevated significantly in the patients with extensive disease (IIIb, IV) compared with patients with limited disase (I, II, IIIb) (χ2=7.057, P=0.008). Conclusion As a tumor marker CYFRA21-1 has relative high sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of NSCLC. Elevated peripheral blood CYFRA 21-1 levels were usually indicated extensive disease of NSCLC.

Background and objective Although evidence for a significant survival benefit of chest radiotherapy has been proven, no conclusion could be drawn regarding the optimal timing of chest radiation. The aim of this study is to explore whether the timing of chest radiation may influence the survival of the patients with limited-stage small-cell lung cancer (LSSCLC) by performing a literature-based meta-analysis. Methods By searching Medline, CENTRAL (the Cochrane central register of controlled trials), CBM, and CNKI, et al, we collected both domestic and overseas published documents about randomized trials comparing different timing chest radiotherapy in patients with LS-SCLC. Early chest radiation was regarded as beginning within 30 days after the start of chemotherapy. Random or fixed effect models were applied to conduct meta-analysis on the trials. The combined odds ratio (OR) and the 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to estimate the mortality in 2 or 3 years and toxicity of the two treatments. The statistical heterogeneity was determined by cochran’s Chi-square test (Q test). The Begg’ test was used to determine the publication bias. Results Six trials that included a total of 1 189 patients were analyzed in the meta-analysis 587 patients were in the early radiation group and 602 patients were in the late radiation group. Considering all 6 eligible trials, the overall survival at 2/3 years was not significantly different between early and late chest radiation (OR=0.78, 95%CI: 0.55-1.05, Z=1.68, P=0.093). For the toxicity, no obvious difference was observed for early chest radiotherapy compared with late irradiation in pneumonitis (OR=1.93, 95%CI: 0.97-3.86, P=0.797), esophagitis (OR=1.43, 95%CI: 0.95-2.13, P=0.572) and thrombocytopenia (OR=1.23, 95%CI: 0.88-1.77, P=0.746), respectively. Conclusion No statistical difference was observed in 2/3 years survival and toxicity, including pneumonitis, esophagitis and thrombocytopenia, between early radiation and late radiotherapy in LS-SCLC.

Background and objective Studies of passive smoking exposure in China however are of particular interest, because of the high lung cancer rate in people who are mostly non-smokers. The aim of this study is to explore the relationship between passive smoking and lung cancer among non-smoking Chinese. Methods By searching Medline, PubMed, CENTRAL (the Cochrane central register of controlled trials), CBM, CNKI and VIP, et al, we collected both domestic and overseas published documents between 1987 and 2007 on passive smoking and lung cancer among non-smoking Chinese. Random or fixed effect models were applied to conduct meta-analysis on the case control study results, and the combined odds ratio (OR) and the 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated as well. Results Sixteen documents were included into the combined analysis, which indicated that there was statistical significance between passive smoking and lung cancer (OR=1.13, 95%CI: 1.05-1.21, P=0.001). It was significant of lung cancer among non-smoking subjects associated with amount of tobacco passively smoked more than 20 cigarettes daily, with life period in adulthood passive smoking exposure, with gender female, and with exposure to workplace. The P value, OR and 95%CI were P=0.000 3, OR=1.78, 95%CI: 1.30-2.43; P=0.000 1, OR=1.50, 95%CI: 1.23-1.83; P=0.000 7, OR=1.50, 95%CI: 1.19-1.90; P

Background and objective Solitary pulmonary nodules (SPN) is a knotty problem in clinical work. The clinical manifestation and pathological features of SPN in sizes may be obviously different. The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between the diameters and clinicopathologic characteristics of SPN. Methods 390 patients (212 male, 178 female, ranging from 17 years to 86 years, median age 57.1 years) with SPN who were postoperatively diagnosed by pathology between Jan. 2000 and Jun. 2009 are enrolled to this study. In these cases, the number of SPN diameters which are smaller than 0.5 cm (including 0.5 cm) (group A) is 16, between 0.5 cm and 1 cm (including 1 cm, not including 0.5 cm) (group B) is 58, between 1 cm and 2 cm (group C) is 163, and between 2 cm and 3 cm (group D) is 153. The clinical manifestation, and postoperative pathological characters are analyzed in various diameter ranges. Results All procedures were carried out securely, including tumor enucleation (n=20), wedge resection (n=153), lobectomy (n=217). There are 130 benign cases (33.3%) and 260 malignant cases (66.7%). 58.5% SPN are detected incidently with no symptoms. There is an increasing incidence of clinical symptoms as the increasing diameter of SPN. All the cases are divided into 4 groups, the prevalence of malignant are separated 43.7% (group A), 50.0% (group B), 63.2% (group C), 79.1% (group D). The diameter of SPN is positively correlated with incidence of malignancy (χ2=22.535, P

Background and objective To determine the value of mediastinoscopy in the mediastinal staging of lung cancer with clinical N2 disease. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 87 patients received mediastinoscopy for known or suspected lung cancer, including 83 cervical mediastinoscopies and 4 parasternal mediastinoscopies. All patients were staged clinical N2 for enlarged ipsilateral mediastinal and/or subcarinal lymph nodes (short axis > 1.0 cm)on computed tomography scan. Results Of the 87 patients, 61 cases proved N2 disease on mediastinoscopy. The other 26 mediastinoscopy-negative patients underwent thoracotomy for lung resection and mediastinal lymph node dissection in the same operative session. Final pathologic N staging were consistent for mediastinoscopic sampling and surgical dissection in 24 patients. N2 disease was found in 2 patients (false-negative of mediastinoscopy). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of mediastinoscopy were 96.8%, 100%, and 97.7%, respectively. There was no mortality and only 1 complication(1.1%) for all 87 mediastinoscopic procedures. Conclusion Mediastinoscopy is a highly effective and safe procedure for the mediastinal staging of lung cancer with clinical N2 disease.

In the low-permeability reservoir, injection water is easy to flow along the high-permeability strips after simply profile control on the micro-fractures, which induces severe problems in the reservoir development. In this work, the foaming and stabilizing performance of a foam system and the gelling properties of a modified starch gel were evaluated. Then, the microadjustment and flooding of the foam and the collaborative oil displacement experiment of this compound system with fractured low-permeability core were carried out. The adaptability of collaborative oil displacement was verified with radial flow model, and the actual reservoir pattern was simulated. The experimental results show that the optimal mass concentrations of foaming agent and foam stabilizer are 0.5% and 0.1%, respectively. The strength and breakthrough pressure of starch gel system is high. After foam injection, the micro oil displacement efficiency of small pores during further water flooding is 14.21% higher than that of previous water flooding. And when the permeability ratio is approximately 30, its profile control performance is better. In the process of water flooding in fractured low-permeability reservoir, the collaborative oil displacement efficiency of modified starch gel combined with foam is best, which can increase the recovery by 22.17% and 46.07% as respectively compared with that of single use of modified starch gel or foam system. Moreover, the radial flow model validation experiment shows that the adaptability of this method is good in fractured low-permeability reservoir. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With constraints of production capacity and limited resources, the increasing of customer's individuation demand and uncertain factors lead to order inserting. And in decision of order variation production priority is a key issue. In order to ensure the problems encountered in inserting decision to be better solved, the concept of fulfilling difficulty coefficient was introduced in this paper. Based on this, an effective method of two-step goal-programming model for multi-attribute decision making was put forward and experienced. Firstly, the fulfilling difficulty coefficient was calculated with the method of grey relation analysis. Secondly, optimization model was established with the goal of minimizing the deviation between order comprehensive weight and influence factors' weight. At last comprehensive order weight vector and order inserting sequence are respectively obtained. A useful reference is provided for enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Lanasol dyes and LS dyes were chosen for dyeing stuffs in this essay. By adding the special auxiliary YDR developed independently before dyeing to give the cotton/wool blending yarn pretreatment, the affinity between reactive dye and the cotton fiber was increased. Thus the problem of light colored cotton and deep colored wool in dyeing the cotton/wool blending yarn was resolved, and the yarn was imparted a good homochroma. The treating condition of the yarn by auxiliary YDR, the dyeing condition by Lanasol dyes were studied here. Finally a whole new set processing of the YDR treating and one - bath dyeing process were concluded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on a study which examines cloning and sequence analysis of alpha satellite DNA in raccoon dogs. It notes that the satellite monomers of the Arctic fox is used as the basis for the primers used in the study. It mentions that alpha satellite sequences were cloned successfully from raccoon dog by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), according to the sequence analyses.

This study was carried out in order to investigate the differences in quality between Dictyophora rubrovolvata and Phallus dongsun from Guizhou. A total of 34 nutritional components in the two edible mushroom species were quantitatively analyzed, and differential metabolites between them were identified by non-targeted metabolomics based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS). The results showed that the contents of L-ergothioneine, ergosterol, total dietary fiber and iron in D. rubrovolvata were higher, and the content of essential amino acids in proteins was 342.2 mg/g, which was closer to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization reference pattern. The contents of soluble sugars, calcium and protein in P. dongsun were higher, and the total content of four soluble sugars including trehalose, mannitol, mannose, and glucose in D. rubrovolvata (450.8 mg/g) was much higher than that in P. dongsun (114.7 mg/g). A total of 388 significantly differential metabolites were selected by multivariate statistical analysis, mainly including 145 lipids, 38 amino acids and derivatives and 17 carbohydrates. Among these, 126 metabolites were down-regulated and 262 metabolites were up-regulated in P. dongsun compared with those in D. rubrovolvata. Most of them were flavor precursors or flavor substances in D. rubrovolvata and P. dongsun, which were closely related to their flavor. The results of this study provide basic data for the quality evaluation and functional composition analysis of D. rubrovolvata and P. dongsun.

The study investigated the semi-hibernation and critical temperature of grass carp based on gradient cooling, and explore the effects of temperature (12–24 ℃) on the survival of grass carp and the concentration of ammonia nitrogen in the water. The temperature was reduced from room temperature (23–25 ℃) to the semi-dormant temperature (16 ℃) at cooling rate of 1, 3, or 5 ℃/h. The control group was reared at room temperature, and sampling was conducted after 0, 12, 24, 36, and 48 h. Serum biochemical and antioxidant parameters were measured to obtain the maximum cooling rate for grass crap. The results showed that the semi-dormant temperature of grass carp was 16 ℃, the critical temperature was 6–8 ℃, and the optimal cooling rate was 3 ℃/h. At 16 ℃, grass carp exhibited delayed stress response and decreased metabolism, and lower concentrations of ammonia nitrogen in the water. Except for aspartate aminotransferase level, the maximum values of other serum biochemical indexes at the cooling rate of 3 ℃/h, were significantly lower than those at 1 and 5 ℃/h (P < 0.05). The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) exhibited a trend of initially increasing and then decreasing with survival time, whereas the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) showed an opposite trend, reaching a minimum value of 5.27 mmol/mg after 36 h. Compared to the control group, the contents of all biochemical and antioxidant indexes in the three cooling groups showed significant changes with survival time. Therefore, cooling grass carp at a rate of 3 ℃/h could reduce the stress response and allowed it to enter a semi-hibernation state at a more suitable time. The results from this study provide key parameters for the temporary cultivation and transport of grass carp, as well as useful guidelines for reducing the transport mortality.

Over recent years in China, the incidence and mortality of cancer have increased significantly, bringing a heavy economic burden on patients, patients' families and society. In this paper, we analyze main causes and heavy economic burden of cancer in China from aspects of disease characteristics and related social factors, and put forward suggestions on reducing the economic burden of cancer in China in the future.

Background Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is a common diagnostic marker for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) , a highly malignant cancer, but its sensitivity is only 41%-65%, and the rate of missed diagnosis is relatively high. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new diagnostic markers and methods to improve the detection rate of AFP-negative and other types of HCC. Objective To assess the diagnostic efficacy of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor m3 autoantibody (m3AchR-Ab) in AFP-negative HCC, and to explore the diagnostic value of m3AchR-Ab in HCC. Methods Participants (n=257) were selected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, including 90 with confirmed diagnosis of HCC, 89 with liver cirrhosis, hepatic hemangioma or other benign liver diseases, and 78 healthy controls. ELISA was the technique used for measuring the serum m3AchR-Ab level in venous blood samples of all cases stored in the serum repository of the hospital from November 2011 to September 2015. Serum m3AchR-Ab levels were compared in the three groups. The associations of serum m3AchR-Ab level with gender, age, size (the maximum diameter) of HCC, number and TNM stage of HCC, prevalence of lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis and HBsAg positivity in HCC patients were analyzed. The efficacy of m3AchR-Ab in the diagnosis of AFP-negative HCC was evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results HCC patients had higher serum m3AchR-Ab level than benign liver disease patients and healthy controls (P

Myocardial hypertrophy is an independent risk factor for various serious cardiovascular diseases.Epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone modification, and RNA methylation are involved in the pathogenesis and development of cardiac hypertrophy.To understanding the role of epigenetic regulation on cardiac hypertrophy contributes to to development of an effective protocol and provide scientific basis for the prevention and early treatment of cardiac hypertrophy.

Objective To investigate the effect of deletion of Sirtuin type 1(Sirt1) gene on liver inflammation of mice and its mechanism. Methods The body weight of C57BL/6J male mice and liver specific Sirt1 deficiency (Sirt1-LKO) male mice were recorded weekly. The sensitivity of inflammatory response was tested by intraperitoneal injection of 20 mg/kg LPS. The survival curve was used to reflect the sensitivity of mice to inflammatory response.The expression of inflammatory factors was detected by Western blot and q-PCR. Results Compared with control wild type mice, Sirt1-LKO mice showed significantly reduced body weight (P＜0.05). In addition, The survival curve was shown by kaplane Meier diagram,Sirt1-LKO mice showed lower sensitivity to LPS (P＜0.05).The protein level of NF-κB in primary liver cells of Sirt1-LKO mice was increased (P＜0.05),Tnfα and IL6 of NF-κB downstream target genes were up-regulated(P＜0.05). Conclusions Hepatocyte-specific Sirt1 deletion aggravates liver inflammation response in mouse model.

A reasonable data placement strategy is essential to the efficient execution of scientific workflow in hybrid cloud environment.The traditional data placement strategy mainly focuses on the deterministic environment,but the data transmission time is uncertain due to the different load,bandwidth fluctuation and network congestion between different data centers and computer characteristics in the actual network environment.To solve this problem,a fuzzy adaptive discrete particle swarm optimization algorithm based on the fuzzy theory and genetic algorithm operator (FGA-DPSO) is proposed to minimize the fuzzy transmission time of data,place the scientific workflow data reasonably and meet the privacy requirements of the data set and the capacity limit of the data center.The experimental results show that the algorithm can effectively reduce the fuzzy data transmission time of scientific workflow in hybrid cloud environment.