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Insects are one of the most species-diverse groups of organisms in nature, and they have established close symbiotic relationships with a variety of functionally unique symbionts during their long evolutionary process. These symbiotic relationships were understood to be mutually beneficial in the early days, and recent studies have also revealed commensalism and parasitism. Among these symbionts, actinomycetes are a special group of microorganisms that can be found in the insect gut, feces, antennae, exoskeleton, and the fungus gardens of fungus-growing insects, which help host insects to defend themselves against pathogens, parasites, and predators, and they play an important role in maintaining the survival and reproduction of host insects. In recent years, a variety of novel compounds have been isolated from the metabolites produced by insect-associated actinomycetes, which can inhibit the proliferation of various plant and animal pathogens, tumor cells, and cancer cells. Therefore, the study on insect-associated actinomycetes can not only analyze the symbiotic mechanism between host and microorganisms but also provide new options for developing biopesticides and biopharmaceuticals. This paper reviews the research progress on the mining and utilization of insect-associated actinomycetes, mainly summarizes the resources and functional diversity of different species of insect-associated actinomycetes, concurrently classifies the secondary metabolites of insect-associated actinomycetes with important activities according to the structural differences, including polypeptide, quinine and polyketide, lactone, alkaloid and other compounds, as well as explores the functional diversity of these secondary metabolites, thus providing a foundation for understanding the operation of ecosystems, discovering new bioactive substances, and developing new biopesticides and pharmaceuticals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Forest Research is the property of Forest Research Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology is the property of Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology, Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences is the property of Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology is the property of Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology, Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

[Objectives] Halloween genes are involved in the biosynthesis of ecdysone. The ecdysone plays an important role in regulation of the development and reproduction in insects. The stem rice borer, Chilo suppressalis, is one of the most destructive pests in rice plant. It is very important to understanding the characterizations and expression profiles of Halloween genes of C.suppressalis,which is helpful for uncovering the growth and development regulation mechanism in C.suppressalis. [Methods]The complete transcript sequence of Cyp302a1 and Cyp315a1,two members of Halloween genes in C.suppressalis were cloned by using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction（RT-PCR), and rapid amplification of cDNA end (RACE ), methods. The conserved structures of the sequences were analyzed by multiple alignments. The molecular phylogenetic tree was constructed by MEGA 7.0 software. The expression profiles of Halloween genes at different developmental stages and in different tissues were detected by real-time quantitative PCR（RT-qPCR）. [Results]The Halloween gene members, CsCyp302 a1 and CsCyp315 a1,were cloned from C.suppressalis. Each gene contained its own five conserved domains, WxxxR（Helix-C）,GxE/DTT/S（Helix-I）,ExxR（Helix-K）,PxxFxPE/DRF（PERF motif）,PFxxGxRxCxG/A（heme-binding domain）. Both CsCyp302 a1 and CsCyp315 a1 clustered into a clade with their own family members. There were differences in the expression levels of each gene in different developmental stages and tissues. The expression patterns had differences between each gene. The relative expression level of Cyp307 a1 in C.suppressalis was the highest and that of Cyp315 a1 was the lowest. Besides, Cyp307 a1 was highly expressed in the head, the expression level of Cyp306a1 was higher in the midgut, Cyp302a1 and Cyp315a1 were highly expressed in the head and integument, and the expression level of Cyp314a1 was higher in the fat body and integument. [Conclusions]The sequence characterizations of CsCyp302a1 and CsCyp315a1 and the temporal and spatial expression profiles of five Halloween genes of C.suppressalis were determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Southern Agriculture is the property of Journal of Southern Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)