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Empowerment not only benefits patients but also provides support and assistance to their family members, especially in cases when patients are subject to custodial protection sentences. The positive effects of empowerment on patients' family members may be summarized into three main aspects, including: enhancing their engagement in healthcare, alleviating their anxiety, and enhancing their caregiving skills. With regard to enhancing engagement in healthcare, family members receive health education that provides an overview of the illness, treatment options, prognosis, and key nursing points and allows them to better understand the patient's condition and actively participate in decision-making. With regard to alleviating anxiety, patients under custodial protection sentences are involved in legal problems, which results in higher levels of stress for family members compared to their peers caring for general patients. Through emotional support and active listening, nurses provide opportunities for family members to express their concerns and offer comfort and encouragement, helping them cope with difficulties and pressures. With regard to enhancing caregiving skills, the purpose of custodial protection sentences is to prevent recidivism, and family members bear significant responsibility for caregiving after discharge. Nurses can share similar caregiving experiences from their ward, educate family members about observing symptoms, and provide guidance, thereby strengthening their caregiving capabilities. In addition, with regard to the disposition of patients, nurses assist family members to understand the medical process and provide necessary guidance, ensuring family members have a clear understanding and are respected during the preparations for discharge. Based on related theoretical frameworks and practical experiences, this research highlights the positive role of empowerment in enhancing the caregiving abilities and satisfaction of the family members of patients, particularly those subject to custodial protection sentences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the current development of criminal decisions upon capacity for responsibility. As Taiwan’s Criminal Code provided, the sentencing of responsibility capacity can be divided into two-pronged tests: the biological and the psychological. The author tries to extract important judgment issues and practical viewpoints from Taiwan’s supreme court’s decisions for future academic research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Empowerment not only benefits patients but also provides support and assistance to their family members, especially in cases when patients are subject to custodial protection sentences. The positive effects of empowerment on patients' family members may be summarized into three main aspects, including: enhancing their engagement in healthcare, alleviating their anxiety, and enhancing their caregiving skills. With regard to enhancing engagement in healthcare, family members receive health education that provides an overview of the illness, treatment options, prognosis, and key nursing points and allows them to better understand the patient's condition and actively participate in decision-making. With regard to alleviating anxiety, patients under custodial protection sentences are involved in legal problems, which results in higher levels of stress for family members compared to their peers caring for general patients. Through emotional support and active listening, nurses provide opportunities for family members to express their concerns and offer comfort and encouragement, helping them cope with difficulties and pressures. With regard to enhancing caregiving skills, the purpose of custodial protection sentences is to prevent recidivism, and family members bear significant responsibility for caregiving after discharge. Nurses can share similar caregiving experiences from their ward, educate family members about observing symptoms, and provide guidance, thereby strengthening their caregiving capabilities. In addition, with regard to the disposition of patients, nurses assist family members to understand the medical process and provide necessary guidance, ensuring family members have a clear understanding and are respected during the preparations for discharge. Based on related theoretical frameworks and practical experiences, this research highlights the positive role of empowerment in enhancing the caregiving abilities and satisfaction of the family members of patients, particularly those subject to custodial protection sentences.

A person cannot be held criminally liable once he or she is found insane in criminal trial. In Clark v. Arizona, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that (1) Arizona's narrowing of its insanity test did not violate due process, and (2) Arizona's evidential rule, which excluded evidence of mental illness and incapacity due to mental illness on issue of mens rea, did not violate due process of law. The holding of the Supreme Court raises significant issues regarding the constitutional nature of the insanity defense and the constitutional right to present evidence. The issue is also tied to the defendant's mental state and challenges the common law tradition of mens rea and culpability. By reviewing the common law tradition and current legal models of the insanity defense in the U.S., this paper analyzes the case and its effects, and proposes an alternative means of thinking about the law and insanity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To analyze the difference between the cognitive and control ability and the responsibility in forensic psychiatry evaluation., Methods: To compare the results of the responsibility evaluation from 2001.1 to 2006.10 (the first period) with that of the cognitive and control ability evaluation from 2006.11 to 2010.10 (the second period). The admissibility opinions on court judgment and evaluation were investigated by return visit. The legal professions' opinions on forensic psychiatric issues from the police office, the procuratorate, the court, and the judiciary were investigated., Results: There was no significant difference of the criminal types between two periods (P > 0.05). There was significant difference of the diagnostic types between two periods (P < 0.05). The proportion of normal range and part loss of the cognitive and control ability in the second period were higher than that in the first period, but the proportion of complete loss of the cognitive and control ability in the second period was lower than that in the first period (P < 0.05). Among the legal professions, 70.5% of them thought that "the evaluation of cognitive and control ability" was different from "the evaluation of criminal responsibility" and 94.9% of them thought that "to confirm the influence of the forensic psychiatric evaluation of mental disorder on the crime behavior" or "to assess of cognitive and control ability" met requirements of normative judicial expertise., Conclusion: The evaluation of cognitive and control ability is more aligned with legal requirements and behavioral norms of own subject than the evaluation of responsibility.

Competency to stand trial relates directly to legal rights of the appraised individual as well as whether criminal procedure can be carried out smoothly. Foreign scholars have conducted a large number of theoretical researches, and developed a series of standardized evaluation tools. However, the assessment on competency to stand trial has mainly focused on medical criteria in China for a long time, and most cases were judged by forensic psychiatrists' experience. Recently, Chinese scholars have started the initial research on standardized evaluation. This paper reviews the notion of competency to stand trial, the evaluation criteria, and the assessment tools domestically and abroad. The main focus is on foreign assessment tools, which included three categories. First category includes checklist, self-report questionnaires and sentence-completion tasks. Second category is the interview-based instruments without criterion-based scoring. Last category is the interview-based instruments with criterion-based scoring. This literature may be helpful for further research and standardization on assessment tools of competency to stand trial of mentally disordered offenders.

Objective: To seek and ascertain indicators that can be used in the civil competence assessment of the mental disorders involved in compensation of personal injury., Methods: A retrospective study was made on the data related to the interviewee's mental status assessed by forensic experts during the period from 2003 to 2005 in Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, P.R.China. The 6 indicators, including awareness of situation, factual understanding of issues, appreciation of likely consequences, rational manipulation of information, functioning in one's own environment, and communication of choice, were graded and statistically analyzed using SPSS 11.5 software., Results: The 6 indicators correlated well with the assessment of forensic experts ,with the related coefficient between 0.632 and 0.876, and the inter-related coefficient among the 6 indicators between 0.575 and 0.911., Conclusion: The 6 indicators could be used for the civil competence assessment and may also be taken as the basis for further standardization and quantification of civil competence.

Objective: To study general rule existed in identification of limited capacity for duties in schizophrenia and put forward some recommendations to the related issues., Methods: The data of 31 cases were analyzed based on essential items in identification of limited capacity for duties in Schizophrenia in order to obtain the contribution rate of major variables., Results: It showed that the contribution rate of from variable 1 to variable 6 was 18.785%, 15.549%, 14.023%, 10.347%, 9.437% and 7.923% respectively, in which the variable 1 reflecting patient's recognition of dangerous act was the most important of all variables., Conclusion: The limited capacity for duties in Schizophrenia could be divided into three grades.

The objective of this study was to develop an expert system for the assessment of legal capacity (ESALC). Visual Basic for Windows 3.0 was employed in establishing ESALC, and 281 cases were assessed by the system. The results were in substantial agreement with those of expert assessment. Kappa = 0.68 (P < 0.01); accuracy 90.04%, sensitivity, 85.63% and specificity 96.49%. ESALC can be used as a supplementary instrument in forensic psychiatric assessment.

This article reviewed the expert's testimonies about 22 mental patients involving in cases of murder and harm. Of these patients, 20 are male, 2 female. Their mean age is 31 +/- 9.72% of them are peasant and non-regular workers. The results showed that all actions of murder and harm were induced by the direct effect of auditory hallucination and disturbance of consciousness, lacking premediated murder and self-protection. The people attacked are mostly strangers and passengers. All of these patients were considered non-responsibility and non-ability legally. The problems about distinguishing features and clinical diagnosis of the diseases were discussed.

A testimony procedure of forensic psychiatry containing of the following steps as: "to set-up the medical diagnosis-to clarify the criminal motive-to determine the property of criminal legal ability damage-to evaluate the criminal responsibility" is recommended, and upon them "to clarify the criminal motive" is of importance. The property of criminal legal ability damage can be determined through the criminal motive and then the degree of criminal responsibility can be evaluated objectively through the criminal motive and criminal legal ability effected by the disease.

This paper presents the case of an epileptic patient who killed his wife during the intermittent period of epilepsy: three different units were asked to give the forensic psychiatric appraisement which came to three different conclusions, namely, the patient should be entitled to no criminal responsibility, partial criminal responsibility, and full criminal responsibility with respect to these three conclusions, the authors make a detailed discussion and give their own opinions.

Analysing 38 cases with epilepsy in forensic psychiatric evaluation shown that violence behavior were frequently seen, especially significant difference in psychomotor epilepsy in comparison with the other typical epilepsy (0. 01), and that epileptic psychopathy were frequently seen in intermission. Authors dealt with criminal responsibility in epileptic psychopathy.

This article makes a clinical analyses of the general data concerning 47 epileptic cases in our hospital, and especially reports on the forensic psychiatric assessment of two out of the seven criminal cases, their history of illness and responsibility. In the assessment of such cases, special emphasis should be laid on the diagnosis of the epilepsy so as to avoid misdiagnosis. The author suggests that the patient folds no responsibility for his criminal behaviour during the attack. But he should be responsible in a diminished criminal for his criminal behavior when he is only suffering from a personality disorder, since he has some discriminative and self-control ability.