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Objective To investigate the effects of adoptive reinfusion of regulatory T cell (Treg) on the recovery of islet function and graft survival time after islet allograft transplantation. Methods The diabetic model was established using C57BL/6 mice as recipients, and Balb/c mice were chosen as donors for islet allografts transplantation beneath the renal capsule. The recipient mice were divided into 3 groups and 3 mice in each group according to different processing Methods: Treg experiment group (Treg group, 1×106 Treg cells were injected via tail vein at 1 d before operation), positive control group [sirolimus (SRL) group, SRL at a dose of 300 μg/(kg·d) was intragastrically given every day from 1 d before operation] and blank control group (control group, an equivalent volume of normal saline was intragastrically given every day from 1 d before operation). Enzyme-linked immune absorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the changes of blood glucose and C-peptide in mice within 14 days after transplantation. In vivo imaging technique was used to dynamically monitor the survival of mice within 14 days after transplantation. Results In each group, the blood glucose levels at postoperative 3 d were significantly decreased compared with those before transplantation (all P < 0.001). At postoperative 1 d, the C-peptide levels showed an explosive rise to varying degree in each group. At postoperative 3 d, the C-peptide levels in each group were significantly higher than that before operation (all P < 0.001). At the end of the observation period at 14 d after operation, the C-peptide levels in the SRL and Treg groups were (427±50) pmol/L and (833±57) pmol/L, relatively higher than that in the control group. But the blood glucose levels were (14.5±0.5) mmol/L and (12.1±0.6) mmol/L, significantly lower than that in the control group (all P < 0.001). Compared with the SRL group, the explosive release amount of C-peptide was significantly lower, the declining trend was more remarkably stable, and the C-peptide level was considerably higher in the Treg group at the end of the observation period (all P < 0.001). At postoperative 14 d, the grafts were almost completely apoptotic in the control group, over 50% of the grafts survived in the SRL group, and over 80% of the grafts survived in the Treg group. Conclusions Adoptive reinfusion of Treg cells can effectively protect islet grafts, prolong the survival time of grafts, and maintain the normal levels of blood glucose and C-peptide in the recipient mice.

ObjectiveTo investigate whether arsenic trioxide preventive chemotherapy can prolong the survival time of patients with primary liver cancer undergoing liver transplantation. MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of the patients who underwent liver transplantation in Department of Liver Transplantation in Changzheng Hospital from January to December, 2015, and among these patients, 35(observation group) received the chemotherapeutic regimen of epirubicin D1+5-fluorouracil (D1-5) and 35(control group) received the chemotherapeutic regimen of arsenic trioxide (D1-14). Hematological examinations were performed at the beginning and ending of each cycle of treatment, including routine blood test, hepatic and renal function, and tumor markers, and drug side-effects were observed. Chest CT, liver CT, or MRI was performed at the beginning of every two cycles to record tumor recurrence, survival, and death time. The chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups, the Kaplan-Meier method was used to plot survival curves, and the log-rank test was used to compare survival curves between groups. ResultsIn the observation group, 3 patients experienced a transient increase in alanine aminotransferase after the last chemotherapy; 30 patients experienced the symptoms of water-sodium retention including mild edema in the face and lower limbs in the late stage of treatment, which were improved after diuretic treatment or at the end of treatment. In the control group, 24 patients experienced varying degrees of gastrointestinal reactions such as poor appetite, nausea, and vomiting, which were improved at the end of chemotherapy. The control group had a 1-year survival rate of 85.7% (30/35), a 2-year survival rate of 47.4% (18/35), and a 3-year survival rate of 22.9% (8/35), and the observation group had a 1-year survival rate of 91.4% (32/35), a 2-year survival rate of 83.9% (26/31), and a 3-year survival rate of 57.1% (12/21). There was no significant difference in 1-year survival rate between the two groups (χ2=2.258, P＜0.05), and the observation group had significantly higher 2- and 3-year survival rates than the control group (χ2=7.786 and 6.720, both P＜0.05). Survival curves also showed that the observation group had significantly higher 2- and 3-year survival rates than the control group (χ2=6.573, P＜0.05).ConclusionArsenic trioxide has been used for a long time, and with modern and scientific administration, it can improve the survival time of patients with liver cancer undergoing liver transplantation.